Nonlinear Seismic Responses of Container Cranes Including the Contact Problem Between Wheels and Rails

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Kuribara ◽  
Tomokazu Honda ◽  
Masahiro Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Contact Problem ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Nonlinear Seismic Response ◽  
Container Crane

This paper presents a modeling method based on multibody dynamics formulation for simulating the three-dimensional nonlinear seismic response of a large, movable container crane, including the contact problem regarding the wheels attached to the bottom of its legs and the rails on which they ride. As a container crane is large and flexible structure, its wheels should be lifted up and derailed due to the seismic excitation. The contact configuration and the contact forces between the wheels and the rail or the ground that significantly affect the seismic response of the structure are classified and calculated in reference to geometric relationships between contact-judging markers on the wheels and the rails. It is found that the numerical simulations with the presented modeling method quite accurately simulates the nonlinear seismic response of a container crane including the uplifting and derailment behavior of the wheels that is found in large-scale model shaking tests.

Seismic Responses of Large Flexible Structure Including Contact Problem

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kuribara ◽  
Nobuyuki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Problem ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Nonlinear Seismic Response ◽  
Container Crane ◽  
Contact Configuration ◽  
Large Scale Model

Abstract A modeling method for the seismic response of large movable flexible structures including the contact problem between wheels attached at the bottom ends of the structure and a rail, such as a container crane and an unloader, is developed. The contact configuration and the contact force between the wheel attached at the structure and the ground, that significantly affect to the seismic response of the structure, are classified and calculated according to geometric relationships between contact judging markers defined on the wheel and the rail. From the numerical simulation using proposed method, it is clarified that the presented modeling method simulates quite well the nonlinear seismic response of the container crane including the uplifting and derailment behavior of the wheel that is obtained by results of the large scale model shaking tests.

Seismic Response Analysis of Container Crane

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 1104-1107
Author(s):  
Shi Qing Lu ◽  
Han Bin Xiao ◽  
Ping Deng
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time History ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Container Crane ◽  
Critical Nodes ◽  
History Analysis

Earthquakes pose a threat to large-scale container cranes. Previous earthquakes damaged many container cranes, which had a significant impact on business interruption losses of the port. In this paper, a container crane’s seismic response is analyzed in ANSYS. First, a finite element model of a container crane is developed. Then, based on the equations of structural dynamics, the four most important modes of the container crane are extracted. Finally, a time history analysis is conducted to obtain the displacements of some critical nodes on the crane model under the excitation of an earthquake wave. The result of this paper provides a reference for the seismic design of container cranes.

scholarly journals Stability Improvement Method for Embankment Dam with Respect to Conduit Cracks

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Young-Hak Lee ◽  
Jung-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Joon Heo ◽  
Jae-Woong Shim ◽  
Dal-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Erosion ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Seepage Analysis ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Improvement Method

In recent years, as the number of reservoir embankments constructed has increased, embankment failures due to cracks in aging conduits have also increased. In this study, a crack in a conduit was modeled based on the current conduit design model, and the risk of internal erosion was analyzed using a large-scale model test and three-dimensional deformation–seepage analysis. The results show that when cracks existed in the conduit, soil erosion and cavitation occurred near the crack area, which made the conduit extremely vulnerable to internal erosion. Herein, a model is proposed that can reduce internal erosion by applying a layer of sand and geotextiles on the upper part of the conduit located close to the downstream slope. In the proposed model, only partial erosion occurred inside the conduit, and no cavitation appeared near the crack in the conduit. The results suggest that internal erosion can be suppressed when the water pressure acting intensively on the crack in the conduit is dispersed by the drainage layer. To validate these results, the pore water pressure, seepage line, and hydraulic gradient were investigated to confirm the erosion phenomenon and reinforcement effect.

Investigation of Wedge Probe Wall Proximity Effects: Part 2—Numerical and Analytical Modeling

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Smout ◽  
P. C. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Wall Proximity

An experimental study of wedge probe wall proximity effects is described in Part 1 of this paper. Actual size and large-scale model probes were tested to understand the mechanisms responsible for this effect, by which free-stream pressure near the outer wall of a turbomachine may be overindicated by up to 20 percent dynamic head. CFD calculations of the flow over two-dimensional wedge shapes and a three-dimensional wedge probe were made in support of the experiments, and are reported in this paper. Key flow structures in the probe wake were identified that control the pressures indicated by the probe in a given environment. It is shown that probe aerodynamic characteristics will change if the wake flow structures are modified, for example by traversing close to the wall, or by calibrating the probe in an open jet rather than in a closed section wind tunnel. A simple analytical model of the probe local flows was derived from the CFD results. It is shown by comparison with experiment that this model captures the dominant flow features.

scholarly journals Studies on Three-Dimensional (3D) Modeling of UAV Oblique Imagery with the Aid of Loop-Shooting

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Yongxiang Yao ◽  
Ping Duan ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Scene Modeling ◽  
Standard Scale ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Key Steps

Oblique imagery obtained from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been widely applied to large-scale three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction; however, the problems of partially missing model details caused by such factors as occlusion, distortion, and airflow, are still not well resolved. In this paper, a loop-shooting-aided technology is used to solve the problem of details loss in the 3D model. The use of loop-shooting technology can effectively compensate for losses caused by occlusion, distortion, or airflow during UAV flight and enhance the 3D model details in large scene- modeling applications. Applying this technology involves two key steps. First, based on the 3D modeling construction process, the missing details of the modeling scene are found. Second, using loop-shooting image sets as the data source, incremental iterative fitting based on aerotriangulation theory is used to compensate for the missing details in the 3D model. The experimental data used in this paper were collected from Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. The experiments demonstrate that loop-shooting significantly improves the aerotriangulation accuracy and effectively compensates for defects during 3D large-scale model reconstruction. In standard-scale distance tests, the average relative accuracy of our modeling algorithm reached 99.87% and achieved good results. Therefore, this technique not only optimizes the model accuracy and ensures model integrity, but also simplifies the process of refining the 3D model. This study can be useful as a reference and as scientific guidance in large-scale stereo measurements, cultural heritage protection, and smart city construction.

Investigation of Wedge Probe Wall Proximity Effects: Part 2 — Numerical and Analytical Modelling

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Smout ◽  
Paul C. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Wall Proximity

An experimental study of wedge probe wall proximity effects is described in Part 1 of this paper. Actual size and large scale model probes were tested to understand the mechanisms responsible for this effect, by which free stream pressure near the outer wall of a turbomachine may be over indicated by upto 20% dynamic head. CFD calculations of the flow over two-dimensional wedge shapes and a three-dimensional wedge probe were made in support of the experiments, and are reported in this paper. Key flow structures in the probe wake were identified which control the pressures indicated by the probe in a given environment. It is shown that probe aerodynamic characteristics will change if the wake flow structures are modified, for example by traversing close to the wall, or by calibrating the probe in an open jet rather than in a closed section wind tunnel. A simple analytical model of the probe local flows was derived from the CFD results. It is shown by comparison with experiment that this model captures the dominant flow features.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW AROUND HARBOR DUE TO TSUNAMI USING FAVOR METHOD AND WENO SCHEME

2018 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Yuki Kajikawa ◽  
Masamitsu Kuroiwa ◽  
Naohiro Otani
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weno Scheme ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
3D Flow ◽  
Complex Boundaries ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Fifth Order

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) tsunami flow model was proposed in order to predict a 3D flow field around a harbor accurately when tsunami strikes. In the proposed numerical model, the Cartesian coordinate system was adopted, and the Fractional Area/Volume Obstacle Representation (FAVOR) method, which has the ability to impose boundary conditions smoothly at complex boundaries, was introduced into the governing equations in consideration of applying the estimation to actual harbors with complex shape in the future. Moreover, the fifth-order Weighted Essentially Non- Oscillatory (WENO) scheme, which is a technique for achieving high accuracy even if the calculation mesh is coarse, was applied to discretization of the convection terms of the governing equations. In order to verify the validity of the model, it was applied to a large-scale laboratory experiment with a scale model of harbor. Comparisons between the simulated and experimental results showed that the model was able to reproduce the time variation of the flow field with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, the simulated results showed that a complex 3D flow field with some vertical vortex flows was generated around a harbor when tsunami struck.

scholarly journals Development of a Virtual Reality Simulation for Remote Controlled Container Crane Operator Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviral Goel ◽  
Ali Humaid Abdullah Al Tubi ◽  
Alaa Ahmed Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Virtual Reality Simulation ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Virtual Control ◽  
Container Crane

Any large scale cargo port requires the use of container cranes for loading of intermodal containers as well as unloading them. The operator of such a large crane must be appropriately trained to prevent any accidents at the cargo port. This should be achieved by training crane operators on all the protocols of crane operation with significant hours of practice. The aim of this project is to develop a virtual reality (VR) simulation for operator training of container cranes which are remotely controlled, situated at the cargo ports. The simulation consists of a virtual control room equipped with joysticks and display screens, container crane, container ships, trucks and a cargo port environment. We used an actual super post-Panamax quay crane as a reference model for this simulation. The project has been built using Unity3d for the programming and 3DSMAX for the designing of models. The virtual joysticks in the simulation can be interacted by using the Oculus Rift VR setup thus allowing to maneuver the crane and the container load in all three dimensions. This paper mainly discusses the structure and implementation of the virtual reality simulation for crane operator training, along with a proposal for further improvements.

scholarly journals Determination of Some Body Measurements of Camels With Three Dimensional Modeling Method (3D)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkan çağlı ◽  
M. Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In this study, the use of three-dimensional modeling method was tested in taking some body measurements in camels with a practical method and was compared with other measurement methods. As the animal material of the study, 12 single humped dromedary female camels and 14 double humped Camelus dromedarius X Camelus bactrianus: F1 male camels, totally 26 camels, were used in three camel farms in Incirliova district of Aydın province. The body measurements taken from each animal by using different three methods, namely by Manuel Method (MM), by Photography Method (PM), and by Three Dimensional Modeling Method (3D) were the Cidago Height (CH), the Back Height (BH), the Rump Height (RH), the Body Length (BL), the Brisket Height (BRH), the Abdominal Height (AH), the Shoulder Width (SW) and the Rump Width (RW) and these values were compared with each other. As a result of this study, the mean values of MM and 3D measurement values were very close to each other and the difference between them was found to be statistically insignificant. (P<0.05). The difference between the means of PM and MM/3D measurement values was found to be significant. (P <0.05). In the measurements taken by MM, 3D, PM methods in male camels, the values obtained by MM and 3D methods for CH, BH, RH, BRH, AH, BL, and SW were very close to each other and the differences between them were found insignificant statistically (p < 0.05). On the determined regression graph, a linear was found between MM and 3D measurement values. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the 3D modeling method can be used as a remote and more practical method in determining the morphological features of large-scale animals such as camels more reliably, more easily and more practically.

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