Temperature and Strain Rate Effects on Tensile Strength and Inelastic Constitutive Relationship of Sn-Pb Solders

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Nose ◽  
Masao Sakane ◽  
Yutaka Tsukada ◽  
Hideo Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Stress Amplitude ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper describes the tensile strength and inelastic constitutive relationship of six types of Sn-Pb solders. Static tension tests were carried using 5Sn-95Pb, 10Sn-90Pb, 40Sn-60Pb, 60Sn-40Pb, 63Sn-37Pb, and 62Sn-36Pb-2Ag solders at the strain rates of 0.001–10.0%/s between temperatures of 313 K and 398 K. Strain rates faster than 2.0%/s were needed to obtain the time-independent Young modulus and yield stress of the solders. Tensile strength increased with increasing strain rates up to 10%/s. Parametric equations for predicting tensile strength, Young’s modulus and yield stress of Sn-Pb solders were developed as a function of temperature and Sn content. Plastic and creep constitutive equations were also proposed as a function of temperature and Sn content. The stress amplitude predicted by these equations agreed with the experimental results within ±2 MPa.

Strain Rate Effects in Crushable Structural Foams

2007 ◽  
Vol 7-8 ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A.W. Mines
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rates ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sandwich Construction ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Structural Foams

Structural foams are used as cores in sandwich construction. In the application of foreign object impact loading of sandwich structures, the core will suffer dynamic multi axial deformation and crush. This means that experimental study is required for the crush behaviour of structural foams at various strain rates, and numerical simulation foam models need to be calibrated with dynamic data. A number of foams are considered, namely Divinycell PVC foam, Rohacell PMI foam and Alporas aluminium foam. Also, new generation metallic micro lattice structures are discussed

Development of Multi-Scale Computation Framework to Investigate the Failure Behavior of the Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 33-37 ◽  
pp. 875-880
Author(s):  
Zhuo Zhuang ◽  
Zhan Li Liu ◽  
Xiao Chuan You ◽  
Y. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Copper Block ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Single Crystal Copper ◽  
Fcc Metals ◽  
Rate Effects

With the development of material science, especially as MEMS/NEMS are playing a more and more important role in modern engineering, some mechanical behaviors of materials, e.g., fracture, shear instability, need to be investigated from multidisciplinary perspective. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed on single-crystal copper block under simple shear to investigate the size and strain rate effects on the mechanical responses of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals. It is shown that the yield stress decreases with the specimen size and increases with the strain rate. Based on the theory of dislocation nucleation, a modified power law is proposed to predict the scaling behavior of fcc metals. In the MD simulations with different strain rates, a critical strain rate exists for each single-crystal copper block of given size, below which the yield stress is nearly insensitive to the strain rate. A hyper-surface is therefore formulated to describe the combined size and strain rate effects on the plastic yield stress of fcc metals.

Compressive Strain Rate Effects of Concrete

1985 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Bischoff ◽  
S. H. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Microcrack Growth

ABSTRACTSince good constitutive laws are required to model correctly the behaviour of concrete under impact loading, it is necessary to determine the complete stress-strain response of concrete at varying strain rates. Conflicting evidence emerges about whether the critical compressive strain (defined as the strain observed at maximum stress) increases or decreases with an increasing strain rate. In this paper, a comprehensive description is given of the brittle fracture process for plain concrete under static and impact loading. The strain rate dependance of tensile microcrack growth is used to explain both the increase in strength and the increase in critical compressive strain that can occur at high strain rates. More extensive experimental results are required to determine the fundamental changes in behaviour that occur as the loading rate is increased and, thus, facilitate the development of a more precise failure model for concrete.

scholarly journals Strain rate effects on ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) with various fiber contents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed-Mohammad Banitabaei-Koupaei
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
High Performance Fiber

Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) was introduced in the mid-1990s and has made striking advances in recent years. Ductal® is a UHP-FRC technology that offers a unique combination of characteristics including but, not limited to ductility, strength and durability, while providing highly moldable products with quality surfaces. Compressive strengths, and equivalent flexural strengths reach up to 200 and 40 MPa, respectively. UHP-FRC also shows an outstanding performance under dynamic loading in structures subjected to extreme loading conditions such as impact, earthquake and blast. Moreover, UHP-FRC indicates an optimized combination of properties for a specific application. Three series of tests including compression, indirect tension, and flexure were conducted under various strain rates from quasi-static to dynamic loading with low strain rates. The objective of this project is to enhance knowledge of strain rate effects on UHP-FRC with various fiber contents and to report Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF).

scholarly journals Strain rate effects on ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) with various fiber contents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed-Mohammad Banitabaei-Koupaei
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
High Performance Fiber

Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) was introduced in the mid-1990s and has made striking advances in recent years. Ductal® is a UHP-FRC technology that offers a unique combination of characteristics including but, not limited to ductility, strength and durability, while providing highly moldable products with quality surfaces. Compressive strengths, and equivalent flexural strengths reach up to 200 and 40 MPa, respectively. UHP-FRC also shows an outstanding performance under dynamic loading in structures subjected to extreme loading conditions such as impact, earthquake and blast. Moreover, UHP-FRC indicates an optimized combination of properties for a specific application. Three series of tests including compression, indirect tension, and flexure were conducted under various strain rates from quasi-static to dynamic loading with low strain rates. The objective of this project is to enhance knowledge of strain rate effects on UHP-FRC with various fiber contents and to report Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF).

Tensile Strength of Multi-Year Pressure Ridge Sea Ice Samples

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. N. Cox ◽  
J. A. Richter-Menge
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Failure Strain ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Testing ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Pressure Ridge ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Testing Techniques

Thirty-six constant strain-rate uniaxial tension tests were performed on vertically oriented multi-year pressure ridge samples from the Beaufort Sea. The tests were performed on a closed-loop electro-hydraulic testing machine at two strain rates (10−5 and 10−3 s−1) and two temperatures (−20° and −5°C). This paper summarizes the sample preparation and testing techniques used in the investigation and presents data on the tensile strength, initial tangent modulus, and failure strain of the ice.

Numerical simulation of welding stresses and distortions under consideration of temporal and local changes of strain rate

2004 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
R. Ossenbrink ◽  
H. Wohlfahrt ◽  
V. Michailov
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
High Influence

As a result of high temperature changing rates in the heat affected zone (HAZ) the elevated strain rates during welding may have a high influence of the yield stresses. Higher yield stresses as a result of high strain rates can be observed in hot tensile tests for several materials. A model has been developed and integrated in a multi-purpose FEA-program (ANSYS®) to investigate strain rate effects in numerical welding simulation. The routine calculates the current yield stress as a function of the local strain rates. The influence of the resulting stresses and distortions has been analyzed in comparative numerical welding simulations.

Susceptibility of Iron-Rich Fe-Al Alloys to Embrittlement by Hydrogen and Water

1994 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lynch ◽  
L. A. Heldt
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Rate Effects

AbstractIron-rich Fe-Al alloys have been tensile tested in moist air and dry oxygen at a strain rate of 3.3×10−4 s−1. Moist air did not cause embrittlement until the composition reached 18-20% Al. Alloys with lower aluminum contents were embrittled when tested in hydrogen gas. The environmental sensitivity of these alloys was further investigated by examining the effects of strain rate on the ductility. For the most part, no significant strain rate effects were observed in the low aluminum alloys; strain rates of up to 3.3×10−1 s−1 were not fast enough to prevent embrittlement. In contrast, the ductility of Fe-35 at.% Al did increase with increasing strain rate in air and hydrogen; at a strain rate of 3.3×10−1 s−1 the elongations approached that of vacuum.

scholarly journals Simplified strategies based on damage mechanics for concrete under dynamic loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2085) ◽  
pp. 20160170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky Mazars ◽  
Stéphane Grange
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Rate Effects

Based on previous work, the µ damage model has been designed to figure out the various damage effects in concrete correlated with monotonic and cyclic loading, including unilateral effects. Assumptions are formulated to simplify constitutive relationships while still allowing for a correct description of the main nonlinear effects. In this context, the paper presents an enhanced simplified finite-element description including a damage description, based on the use of multifibre beam elements and including strain rate effects. Applications show that such a strategy leads to an efficient tool to simulate dynamic loading at low, medium and high velocities. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Variability of EPSTAL Steel Strength Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
T. Chmielewski ◽  
M. Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Steel Strength ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe paper deals with the variability of mechanical properties of EPSTAL steel rods produced in Polish steelworks, i.e. yield stress Re, tensile strength Rm, and elongation Agt. Our study is based on fundamental engineering static room-temperature tensile tests for large series specimens which have been made by manufacturers as the part of a factory quality control. Statistical analysis of these results shows that the stress-strain relationship of steel tensile tests should be described by a one-dimensional stochastic process, and three the most important mechanical parameters, i.e. the yield stress, tensile strength, and elongation by random variables. Based on the statistical elaboration of experimental data, it was found that the yield stress and tensile strength of steel rods produced in the years 2016 - 2017 had the coefficients of variation of less than 3%, and there is a reasonable basis for the manufacturer to increase the characteristic value of EPSTAL steel rods yield stress by a few percentages.

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