Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Material Characterization in Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Welds

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don E. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Relationship Of

A pressure vessel has been constructed for demonstrating the LCR ultrasonic technique for indicating changes in wall and weld stress. A special contoured LCR probe was designed and constructed, and the pressure vessel was fitted with strain gauges for monitoring the wall stress. At low wall stresses, below 4 ksi (26 MPa), the ultrasonic data showed considerable scatter. There is similar scatter in the zero pressure travel-times at individual locations around the vessel. At wall stresses of 4 ksi (26 MPa) and above, however, there is an almost linear relationship of stress and travel-time change. Measurements adjacent to an end weld also showed very good trends. Plots of travel times approaching a weld predict −27.5 ksi (−190 MPa) at 1 in. (25 mm) from the weld, compared to zero stress at 5.6 in. (142 mm) away from the weld. These results are consistent with results obtained by others on a similar weld using the blind hole drilling method.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Evaluation of Welding Residual Stresses in Stainless Steel Pressure Vessel

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashar Javadi ◽  
Hamed Salimi Pirzaman ◽  
Mohammadreza Hadizadeh Raeisi ◽  
Mehdi Ahmadi Najafabadi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Evaluation ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel 304

This paper investigates ultrasonic method in stress measurement of a pressure vessel made of austenitic stainless steel 304 L. Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are employed to measure the welding residual stresses. The acoustoelastic constant is measured through a hydro test while the pressure vessel is kept intact. Hole-drilling method is used to verify the results of ultrasonic measurement corresponding to axial and hoop residual stresses of the pressure vessel. The results show good agreement between hole-drilling and ultrasonic stress measurements which is accomplished nondestructively.

Potentialities of Ultrasonics for Evaluating Residual Stresses: Influence of Microstructure

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Walaszek ◽  
H. P. Lieurade ◽  
C. Peyrac ◽  
J. Hoblos ◽  
J. Rivenez
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements

The good control of residual stress level in mechanical components is an important factor, particularly for a good fatigue strength of these components. This paper presents advances obtained at the technical center for mechanical engineering industries (CETIM) in the field of development of an ultrasonic method for stress measurements. This method is potentially advantageous because it is nondestructive, has good portability, and is easy to use. In the paper are discussed the results obtained with ultrasonics on steel welded plate, and a comparison is made with stress measurement obtained by incremental hole-drilling method, and X-ray diffraction. These results are also validated by thermal relaxation of the plates. The paper discusses also the microstructure influence on ultrasonic measurements and methods for adjusting the ultrasonic measurements to improve the agreement with results obtained from other techniques. In conclusion is emphasized the interest for studying the ability of the ultrasonic residual stress measurement method in different industrial cases.

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