Fuel Composition Effects on Emissions From a Spark-Ignited Engine Operated on Simulated Biogases

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Midkiff ◽  
S. R. Bell ◽  
S. Rathnam ◽  
S. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lean Conditions

Measurements are reported for a spark-ignited (SI) engine burning natural gas and three simulated biogas fuels (natural gas, CO2, and N2 mixtures). Exhaust concentrations of CO, CO2,O2,NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons, as well as brake power and brake specific energy consumption, were measured. Leaner mixtures, retarded spark timing and diluent addition CO2,N2 yielded reduced NOx emissions. NOx reductions up to 50 percent were achieved at MBT timing through diluent addition. Reduced peak temperatures caused by diluent addition, lean conditions, and retarded spark timing reduced combustion quality slightly, as evidenced by small increases in CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions.

Impact of Ethane, Propane, and Diluent Content in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Commercial Microturbine Generator

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hack ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Methane Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lean Conditions

The impact of fuel composition on the performance of power generation devices is gaining interest as the desire to diversify fuel supplies increases. In the present study, measurements of combustion performance were conducted on a commercial natural gas-fired 60kW gas turbine as a function of fuel composition. A statistically designed experiment was carried out and exhaust emissions were obtained for significant amounts of ethane and propane. In addition, a limited study of the effect of inerts was conducted. The results show that emissions of NOx, CO, and NOx∕NO are not well correlated with common descriptions of the fuel, such as higher heating value or methane number. The results and trends indicate that the presence of higher hydrocarbons in the fuel leads to appreciably higher NOx emissions for both test devices operating under similar lean conditions, while having less impact on CO emissions.

NOx Emissions Reduction of a Natural Gas SI Engine Under Lean Conditions: Comparison of the EGR and RGR Concepts

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Le Corre ◽  
Fre´de´ric Pirotais
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Lean Conditions

In natural gas SI engines under lean conditions, NOx emissions reduction can be realized by injecting an additional mass flow rate to inlet gases. It can be easily done in situ using two techniques: EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) or RGR (Reformed Gas Recirculation) which is an improvement of the usual EGR configuration. Exhaust gases are catalyzed before being reintroduced at the engine inlet. Reformed gases contain carbon monoxide and hydrogen in addition to carbon dioxide, steam and nitrogen dioxide that compose usual recirculated gases. In order to compare EGR and RGR concepts, the study is divided in three stages. Firstly, a “two-zone” thermodynamic model has been developed and validated on a large open chamber SI engine (18L CHP plant engine, fuelled by natural gas and equipped with data acquisition). Both in-cylinder pressure and NOx emissions have been compared between numerical results and experimental data. A good agreement is obtained, the error is less than 3%. Secondly, a widespread model of steam reforming on a Ni/MgOAl2O3 catalyst has been used to compute in particular CO and H2 concentrations. Numerical results lead to a good concordance with experimental data from literature. Finally, SI engine and reformer models have been linked. RGR and EGR configurations have been numerically compared considering the same recirculation mass flow rate. According to the results, RGR is the best way to decrease significantly nitrous oxide emissions, while keeping good engine performance.

Impact of Ethane, Propane, and Diluent Content in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Commercial Microturbine Generator

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hack ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Methane Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lean Conditions

The impact of fuel composition on performance of power generation devices is gaining interest as a desire to diversify fuel supplies increases. In the present study measurements of combustion performance were conducted on a commercial natural gas fired 60-kW gas turbine as a function of fuel composition. A statistically designed experiment was carried out and exhaust emissions were obtained for significant amounts of ethane and propane. In addition, a limited study of the effect of inerts was examined. The results show that emissions of NOx, CO, and NOx/NO are not well correlated with common descriptions of the fuel such as higher heating value or methane number. The results and trends indicate that the presence of higher hydrocarbons in the fuel leads to appreciably higher NOx emissions for both test devices operating under similar lean conditions, while having less impact on CO emissions.

Comparison of Emissions and Efficiency of a Turbocharged Lean-Burn Natural Gas and Hythane-Fueled Engine

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Larsen ◽  
J. S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential for reduced exhaust emissions and improved efficiency, by way of lean-burn engine fuelling with hydrogen supplemented natural gas (Hythane). The emissions and efficiency of the Hythane fuel (15 percent hydrogen, 85 percent natural gas by volume), were compared to the emissions and efficiency of pure natural gas using a turbocharged, spark ignition, 3.1 L, V-6 engine. The feasibility of heavy duty engine fueling with Hythane was assessed through testing conducted at engine speed and load combinations typical of heavy-duty engine operation. Comparison of the efficiency and emissions at MBT spark timing revealed that Hythane fueling of the test engine resulted in consistently lower brake specific energy consumption and emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2), at a given equivalence ratio. There was no clear trend with respect to MBT oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. It was also discovered that an improved NOx-THC tradeoff resulted when Hythane was used to fuel the test engine. Consequently, Hythane engine operating parameters can be adjusted to achieve a concurrent reduction in NOx and THC emissions relative to natural gas fueling.

scholarly journals SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402093045
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Wajid Saleem ◽  
Syed Saqib ◽  
Jamal Umer ◽  
Ahmad Naveed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Brake Power

Considering the importance of alternative fuels in IC engines for environment safety, compressed natural gas has been extensively employed in SI engines. However, scarce efforts have been made to investigate the effect of compressed natural gas on engine lubricant oil for a long duration. In this regard, a comprehensive analysis has been made on the engine performance, emissions, and lubricant oil conditions using gasoline ( G)92 and compressed natural gas at different operating conditions using reliable sampling methods. The key parameters of the engine performance like brake power and brake-specific energy consumption were investigated at 80% throttle opening within 1500–4500 range of r/min. For the sake of emission tests, speed was varied uniformly by varying the load at a constant throttle. Furthermore, the engine was run at high and low loads for lubricant oil comparison. Although compressed natural gas showed a decrease in brake-specific energy consumption (7.94%) and emissions content, ( G)92 performed relatively better in the case of brake power (39.93% increase). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed for wear debris, lubricant oil physiochemical characteristics, and additives depletion in the case of compressed natural gas than those of ( G)92. The contents of metallic particles were decreased by 23.58%, 36.25%, 42.42%, and 66.67% for iron, aluminum, copper, and lead, respectively, for compressed natural gas.

The Advanced Low Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engine: A Low NOx Alternative to the Diesel Engine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan K. Srinivasan ◽  
Sundar R. Krishnan ◽  
Satbir Singh ◽  
K. Clark Midkiff ◽  
Stuart R. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Stability ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cylinder Compression ◽  
Diesel Operation

High nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions restrict future use of conventional diesel engines for efficient, low-cost power generation. The advanced low pilot ignited natural gas (ALPING) engine described here has potential to meet stringent NOx and PM emissions regulations. It uses natural gas as the primary fuel (95 to 98 percent of the fuel energy input here) and a diesel fuel pilot to achieve compression ignition. Experimental measurements are reported from a single cylinder, compression-ignition engine employing highly advanced injection timing (45°–60°BTDC). The ALPING engine is a promising strategy to reduce NOx emissions, with measured full-load NOx emissions of less than 0.25 g/kWh and identical fuel economy to baseline straight diesel operation. However, unburned hydrocarbons were significantly higher for ALPING operation. Engine stability, as measured by COV, was 4–6 percent for ALPING operation compared to 0.6–0.9 percent for straight diesel.

Fuel Composition Effects in a CI Engine Converted to SI Natural Gas Operation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanth Bommisetty ◽  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
Rahul Kooragayala ◽  
Cosmin Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Ci Engine

Knock Prevention of Gas SI Engine by Adjunction of Inert Gases to the Fuel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Brecq ◽  
Je´roˆme Bellettre ◽  
Mohand Tazerout ◽  
Thomas Muller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Volumetric Concentration ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Natural Gas Network ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Si Engines

This work focuses on the prevention from knock in the case of SI engines supplied by natural gas network. The effect of two inert gases (N2 and CO2) adjunction is experimentally studied. The added quantities are between 0% and 25% in volume for N2 and between 0% and 15% for CO2. A significant increase of the Knock Limited Spark Timing (KLST) is measured in all the cases. A twice-higher augmentation is noted when CO2 is added compared to N2 for an equivalent volumetric concentration. The overall augmentation varies between +1 to +6 °CA depending on the operation. Finally, a law for predicting the KLST augmentation implied by the adjunction of inert gases is deduced from all the measurements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document