The Generalized Torque Approach for Analyzing the Results of Pedaling Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Doria ◽  
Roberto Lot
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Power Equation ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Inertia Forces

This paper deals with the analysis of experimental data obtained using an ergometer apparatus. A straightforward analysis method based on the power equation and the concept of generalized torques is presented. This method makes it possible to study the influence of the net muscle joint torques and gravity and inertia forces on the crank torque. The assumptions and limitations of the proposed method are discussed and this method is compared with the methods of analysis proposed by other researchers. In order to assess the validity of the method, some experimental data are elaborated. Results show that the method can highlight the effect of training and the pedaling technique of an athlete.

The SMRI-NIRS technology: development, validation and benefit

2021 ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Walford
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Conventional Methods

The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) has developed a simple to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) transmission-based analysis method as an alternative to conventional methods for analysis of sugarcane factory stream samples. The technology provides rapid, simultaneous analysis of refractometric dry substance (rds), polarimetric sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, conductivity ash contents as well as colour and pH for all streams and additionally, dry solids for final molasses and eliminates the need for sample clarification chemicals. The analyte prediction equations were developed using conventional results of samples from 14 South African factories, analysed at SMRI using SANAS/ISO17025 accredited test methods, and NIRS scans of the same samples using up to 16 different NIRS instruments. The NIRS analyte prediction equations were validated against more than 1,500 independent factory samples that had been analysed by conventional methods of analysis, including samples from factories outside South Africa. The reproducibility of the NIRS results were equivalent to existing conventional analysis reproducibility values (juice and final molasses) and previously undocumented values determined for this study for conventional raw house analysis methods. Correlation coefficients of greater than 0.97 were recorded for all major analytes and greater than 0.9 for minor analytes when predicted results were compared against conventional results. A maintenance protocol was also developed to ensure that the prediction equations remain robust and can account for sample matrix variations that can occur from season to season. The SMRI-NIRS technology was installed at all 14 South African factories and found to be robust and give equivalent results to conventional methods of analysis.

Solubility of the Ketoconazole (an Antifungal Drug) in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Menthol as a Cosolvent (Ternary System): Experimental Data and Empirical Correlations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamhossein Sodeifian ◽  
Seyed Ali Sajadian ◽  
Fariba Razmimanesh ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Hazaveie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Drug Solubility ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Semiempirical Models ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Abstract One of the main steps in choosing the drug nanoparticle production processes by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is determining the solubility of the solid solute. For this purpose, the solubility of Ketoconazole (KTZ) in the SC-CO2, binary system, as well as in the SC-CO2-menthol (cosolvent), ternary system, was measured at 308–338 K and 12–30 MPa using the static analysis method. The KTZ solubility in the SC-CO2 ranged between 1.70×10− 6 and 8.02×10− 4, while drug solubility in the SC-CO2 with cosolvent varied from 2.7×10− 5 to 1.96×10− 4. This difference indicated the significant effect of menthol cosolvent on KTZ solubility in the SC-CO2. Moreover, KTZ solubilities in the two systems were correlated by several empirical and semiempirical models. Among them, Sodeifian et al., Bian et al., MST, and Bartle et al. models can more accurately correlate experimental data for the binary system than other used models. Also, the Sodeifian and Sajadian model well fitted the solubility data of the ternary system with AARD,%= 6.45, Radj= 0.995.

Statistical Analysis Method of the Grain Structure of Nanostructured Single Phase Metal Materials Processed by High-Pressure Torsion

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Stolbovsky ◽  
Elena Farafontova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Tin Bronze ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Metal Materials

The statistical analysis method of the grain structure in bulk single-phase metal materials subjected to high-pressure torsion is proposed. The possibility of methods division of mathematical statistics observed in the grain structure materials by their sizes with the several groups identification, having various behavior at further heating is presented. The example of the grain structure analysis on the nanostructured tin bronze is given. The agreement of the received analysis results with experimental data is offered.

A New Tolerance Analysis Method for Designers and Manufacturers

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Greenwood ◽  
K. W. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Assembly Tolerance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Methods Of Analysis

Even when all manufactured parts for an assembly are produced within limits, these parts still may not assemble properly if the assembly tolerance analysis was inadequately performed. Naturally occurring shifts in a process can produce biased distributions which can result in increased assembly problems and a greater number of rejects than anticipated. The most common methods of analysis of assembly tolerance buildup are worst case and root sum squares. The limitations of each of these methods are discussed and a simple new method is proposed which accounts for expected bias. This new method includes both worst case and root sum squares as extreme cases.

Quantification of the RELAP5 Model Uncertainty for Application to the Loss-of-RHR Event During the Mid-Loop Operation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kinoshita ◽  
Hiroichi Nagumo ◽  
Minoru Yamada ◽  
Yasuhiro Sasaki ◽  
Yoshitaka Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Stratified Flow ◽  
Condensation Heat Transfer ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
Best Estimate

Best estimate analysis method for the loss of Residual Heat Removal (loss-of-RHR) event during the mid-loop operation is being conducted along the Code Scaling, Applicability and Uncertainty (CSAU) evaluation methodology. The analysis method uses RELAP5/MOD3.2 as a best estimate analysis code. One of the important processes in the CSAU methodology is the development of the Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) which identifies thermal-hydraulic phenomena during the event and ranks the identified phenomena from the view point of influence on the safety evaluation parameters. The safety parameters for evaluation are Reactor Coolant System (RCS) pressure and reactor vessel water level. The PIRT for the reflux cooling of the loss-of-RHR event during the mid-loop operation was developed based on existing integral test results, plant analysis results and related papers considering influence on coolant distribution, non-condensible gas distribution and heat transfer. Referenced integral tests are ROSA-IV/LSTF, BETHSY, PKL and IIST. Uncertainty of RELAP5/MOD3.2 physical models related to high ranked phenomena identified in the PIRT for the reflux cooling is quantified using the related experimental data for application to PWR plant statistical analysis based on the developed verification matrix. Uncertainty quantified models are void model, horizontal stratified flow criteria and SG condensation heat transfer. These models are related to the following phenomena respectively. Void model (interfacial friction factor in bubbly and slug flow regimes): - Two phase expansion in core and upper plenum due to core boiling. - Two phase flow to Steam Generator (SG) inlet plenum and U-tubes. Horizontal stratified flow criterion: - Stratification of flow in hot leg. - Water transportation from hot leg to SG by steam flow. SG condensation heat transfer model: - Heat transfer in SG U-tube under presence of non-condensable gas. Distribution of model parameter multiplier which represents model uncertainty was obtained by either experiment analysis by RELAP5 or comparison of separate RELAP5 model prediction to experimental data. Mean value and standard deviation are calculated for distribution of model parameter multiplier.

On the Comparison Between Lubrication Theory, Including Turbulence and Inertia Forces, and Some Existing Experimental Data

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Constantinescu ◽  
S. Galetuse ◽  
F. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Lubrication Theory ◽  
Incoming Flow ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Inertia Forces ◽  
Proper Consideration ◽  
Good Agreement

The results obtained by using lubrication theory, including inertia forces, are checked against experimental data concerning flows in relatively thin films at moderate and large Reynolds numbers. It is shown that a reasonably good agreement is obtained provided that the peculiar features of the experimental flow are properly taken into account; namely, proper consideration of the type of flow (laminar, transition, turbulent), proper evaluation of the region where lubrication flow prevails, entrance flow conditions (relating the flow into the film to the incoming flow), conditions for film rupture, cavitation or separation.

Time-Marching Analysis of Steady Transonic Flow in Turbomachinery Cascades Using the Hopscotch Method

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Euler Equations ◽  
Transonic Flow ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Curvilinear Coordinates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Time Marching ◽  
Turbine Cascades ◽  
Turbomachinery Cascades

A rapid, time-marching, numerical scheme based on the hopscotch method is presented for solution of steady, two-dimensional, transonic flow in turbomachinery cascades. The scheme is applied to the strong-conservation form of the unsteady Euler equations written in arbitrary curvilinear coordinates. Cascade solutions are obtained on an orthogonal, body-centered coordinate system. Numerical solution results for two turbine cascades are presented and compared with experimental data to demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the analysis method.

scholarly journals Modelling by Finite Element Analysis Method of Stress State Establishing for an Steel Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Silviu Macuta ◽  
Mirel Istratescu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Alloy ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Finite Element Analysis Method ◽  
Simulation Based

The paper presents some results about thetension state in samples subject to pure bending fatigue process. Numerical simulation based on finit elementmethod was used. The tension field induced by a verticaldeformation imposed at the sample ends was generatedon an original patented machine. The studies werecarried out on two steels currently used in pressurevessels industry. Experimental data are in good agreementwith the simulated ones.

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