Stoichiometric Operation of a Gas Engine Utilizing Synthesis Gas and EGR for NOx Control

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Smith ◽  
Gordon J. J. Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Reforming ◽  
Southwest Research Institute ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

This paper presents the results from an internal research study conducted at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) on the effects of stoichiometric mixtures of natural gas and synthesis gas with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Constant load performance and emissions tests were conducted on a modified, single-cylinder, Caterpillar 1Y540 research engine at 11.0 bar (160 psi) bmep. Engine performance and emissions comparisons between natural gas with EGR, and natural gas with syngas and EGR are presented. In addition, the performance characteristics of the fuel reforming catalyst are presented. Results show that thermal efficiency increases with increasing EGR for both natural gas operation and natural gas with syngas operation at constant load. The use of syngas with natural gas extended the EGR tolerance by 44.4 percent on a mass basis compared to natural gas only, leading to a 77 percent reduction in raw NOx emissions over the lowest natural gas with EGR NOx emissions. [S0742-4795(00)00504-4]

Performance Characterization of Alternative Ignition Systems Using Optical Tools in Natural Gas Engines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin Bihari ◽  
Munidhar S. Biruduganti ◽  
Roberto Torelli ◽  
Dan Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Optical Tools ◽  
Discharge Ignition ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

Lean-burn combustion dominates the current reciprocating engine R&D efforts due to its inherent benefits of high BTE and low emissions. The ever-increasing push for high power densities necessitates high boost pressures. Therefore, the reliability and durability of ignition systems face greater challenges. In this study, four ignition systems, namely, stock Capacitive discharge ignition (CDI), Laser ignition, Flame jet ignition (FJI), and Nano-pulse delivery (NPD) ignition were tested using a single cylinder natural gas engine. Engine performance and emissions characteristics are presented highlighting the benefits and limitations of respective ignition systems. Optical tools enabled delving into the ignition delay period and assisted with some characterization of the spark and its impact on subsequent processes. It is evident that advanced ignition systems such as Lasers, Flame-jets and Nano-pulse delivery enable extension of the lean ignition limits of fuel/air mixtures compared to base CDI system.

To Study the Effects of (Compressed Natural Gas + Diesel) Under Dual Fuel Mode on Engine Performance and Emissions Characteristic

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Piyushi Nautiyal ◽  
Kamalasish Dev
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Pilot Fuel ◽  
Energy Share ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

The present study is investigated on the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by compressed natural gas and base diesel (CNG + Diesel). The CNG fuels used as the primary fuel, and diesel as pilot fuel under dual-fuel mode. The pilot fuel is partially replaced by CNG at a different percentage. The primary fuel is injected into the engine with intake air during the suction stroke. The experimental results reveal the effect of CNG + diesel under dual fuel mode on BTE, BSFC, CO, CO2, HC, NOx and Smoke. It is observed from the experimental results that CO2, NOx and Smoke emissions decreased but HC and CO emissions increase with an increase in CNG energy share.

Effect of Gasoline Fumigation on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1744-1748
Author(s):  
Li Jun Ou ◽  
Chun Mei Wang ◽  
Ye Jian Qian ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Su Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Gasoline Fumigation ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions ◽  
Early Injection

The present study investigates theoretically the effects of gasoline fumigation on single-cylinder diesel engine performance and emissions. The results indicate that a premixed charge can be obtained by early injection of gasoline because of the high volatility of gasoline. More homogenous mixture was obtained and the fuel burned faster and efficient. The smoke emission was reduced and engine output was increased. Coupling with EGR technique could reduce the NOx emissions simultaneously.

scholarly journals Effects of Ethanol Blending with Methanol-Gasoline fuel on Spark Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Mohamad Qayyum Mohd Tamam ◽  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
Wira Jazair Yahya ◽  
Hasannuddin Abdul Kadir ◽  
Yanuandri Putrasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

This research investigated the effects of ethanol blending with methanol-gasoline as fuels in spark ignition engine and how it affects engine performance and emissions. Four ethanol-methanol-gasoline (GEM) blends were prepared with variable ethanol concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) and constant methanol concentration (10%) and denoted as M10, E5M10, E10M10, and E15M10 in reference to each respective alcohol constituents. Physicochemical properties testing revealed that density and kinematic viscosity of GEM fuel blends increases with ethanol concentration. E15M10 has shown the most increase in density and kinematic viscosity with 10.7% and 18.7% increase respectively. In contrast, calorific value decreased as ethanol concentration decreases. E15M10 displayed the lowest calorific value at 16.9% lower than gasoline. Meanwhile, engine performance and emissions test showed that GEM fuels generally possess increased average Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) than pure gasoline. However, average Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) for pure gasoline is lower. E15M10 displayed highest increment of BSFC at 17.2% average increase. Meanwhile, E10M10 displayed the highest improvement in BTE with an average of 9.4% increase. Exhaust emissions indicate that all GEM blends produced increased carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions while carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreases. E15M10 showed the most reduction in CO emissions with 90.6% decrease while E10M10 has shown the most increased CO2 and NOx emissions with 110% and 6.7 times increase respectively. In conclusion, up to 15% volume of ethanol blending with 10% volume methanol-gasoline was able to improve engine performance and emissions in terms of BTE and CO emissions.

Strategies for Reduced NOx Emissions in Pilot-Ignited Natural Gas Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar R. Krishnan ◽  
Kalyan K. Srinivasan ◽  
Weidong Gong ◽  
Scott Fiveland ◽  
Satbir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Inlet Conditions

The performance and emissions of a single-cylinder, natural gas fueled engine using a pilot ignition strategy have been investigated. Small diesel pilots (2–3 percent on an energy basis), when used to ignite homogeneous natural gas-air mixtures, are shown to possess the potential for reduced NOx emissions while maintaining good engine performance. The effect of pilot injection timing, intake charge pressure, and charge temperature on engine performance and emissions with natural gas fueling was studied. With appropriate control of the above variables, engine-out brake specific NOx emissions could be reduced to the range of 0.07–0.10 g/kWh from the baseline diesel (with mechanical fuel injection) value of 10.5 g/kWh. For this NOx reduction, the decrease in fuel conversion efficiency from the baseline diesel value was approximately 1–2 percent. Total unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were higher with natural gas operation. Heat release schedules obtained from measured cylinder pressure data are also presented. The importance of pilot injection timing and inlet conditions on the stability of engine operation and knock are also discussed.

Strategies for Reduced NOx Emissions in Pilot-Ignited Natural Gas Engines

2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Krishnan ◽  
K. K. Srinivasan ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
S. R. Bell ◽  
K. C. Midkiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Inlet Conditions

The performance and emissions of a single-cylinder natural gas fueled engine using a pilot ignition strategy have been investigated. Small diesel pilots (2–3% on an energy basis), when used to ignite homogeneous natural gas-air mixtures, are shown to possess the potential for reduced NOx emissions while maintaining good engine performance. The effects of pilot injection timing, intake charge pressure, and charge temperature on engine performance and emissions with natural gas fueling were studied. With appropriate control of the above variables, it was shown that full-load engine-out brake specific NOx emissions could be reduced to the range of 0.07–0.10 g/kWh from the baseline diesel (with mechanical fuel injection) value of 10.5 g/kWh. For this NOx reduction, the decrease in fuel conversion efficiency from the baseline diesel value was approximately one to two percentage points. Total unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were higher with natural gas operation. The nature of combustion under these conditions was analyzed using heat release schedules predicted from measured cylinder pressure data. The importance of pilot injection timing and inlet conditions on the stability of engine operation and knock are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document