Experimental Investigation on Gas Mixing and Stratification in Containment Influenced by External Cooling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Wei Xue ◽  
Xuewu Cao ◽  
Lei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
External Cooling

Experimental Investigation on Gas Mixing and Stratification in Containment Influenced by External Cooling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Wei Xue ◽  
Xuewu Cao ◽  
Lili Tong
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Stable Stratification ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Integral Test ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Accident Conditions

Abstract The distribution of hydrogen inside the containment is a key issue in assessing the evolution of the postulated accident. For safety analysis and codes validation purposes, a large scale comprehensive test facility has been built to investigate the containment thermal-hydraulic characteristics under accident conditions. In this paper, a test was performed to experimentally investigate the distribution of the hydrogen inside the containment and the influence of the external cooling on gas mixing and stratification. The paper presents the experimental results of the integral test performed in this facility. During the experiments, helium was used to simulate hydrogen. Helium and steam are released together and allowed to take additional time to form a relatively stable stratification, then followed by external cooling. The initial pressure of the experiments is around 0.1MPa(a) and the initial Froude number is around 333. The results showed that a helium-enriched stratification emerged in the upper containment due to the density difference after the injection. External cooling caused condensation and intense convective flow. As a result, an overall increase in helium concentration was observed with a decrease in concentration gradient.

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Heat Pipe Supported External Cooling System for HT-PEFC Stacks

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Supra ◽  
Holger Janßen ◽  
Werner Lehnert ◽  
Detlef Stolten
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Vertical Temperature Distribution

A 10-cell high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) stack with an active cell area of 200 cm2 has been built up and tested with regard to the temperature distribution from cell to cell and over the active area since not every cell is cooled. Measurements with artificial reformate as a fuel show that the vertical temperature distribution over the active area is sufficiently small, with a maximum of 5.1 K at 550 mA cm−2. Additionally, the temperature gradient from cell to cell is sufficiently small with 10.7 K at 550 mA cm−2. As a result, it can be concluded that the heat pipe supported external cooling is well suited to cool HT-PEFC stacks with large active areas in reformate operation.

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Heat Pipe Supported External Cooling System for HT-PEFC Fuel Cell Stacks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Supra ◽  
Holger Janßen ◽  
Werner Lehnert ◽  
Detlef Stolten
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Vertical Temperature Distribution

A 10-cells HT-PEFC stack with an active cell area of 200 cm2 has been built up and tested regarding the temperature distribution from cell to cell and over the active area since not every cell is cooled. Measurements with artificial reformate as a fuel show that the vertical temperature distribution over the active area is sufficiently small, with a maximum of 5.1 K at 550 mA cm−2. Also the temperature gradient from cell to cell is sufficiently small with 10.7 K at 550 mA cm−2. As a result it can be mentioned, that the heat pipe supported external cooling is well suited to cool HT-PEFC stacks with large active areas in reformate operation.

Do moods and expectancies have unique or interactive effects?: An experimental investigation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Close ◽  
Victoria Adkins ◽  
Kandice Perry ◽  
Katheryn Eckles ◽  
Jill Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Interactive Effects

Visually-induced motion sickness: An experimental investigation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
Janan Smither ◽  
Robert C. Kennedy ◽  
Robert S. Kenned ◽  
Dan Compton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽  
Induced Motion

No Strings Attached: An Experimental Investigation of Attachment and Hooking-Up

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Edwards ◽  
Lindsey Brinker ◽  
Kathryn A. Bradshaw ◽  
Jennifer A. Munch ◽  
Rachel E. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Hooking Up
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