scholarly journals Properties of glycine receptors underlying synaptic currents in presynaptic axon terminals of rod bipolar cells in the rat retina

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (15) ◽  
pp. 3813-3830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Harald Mørkve ◽  
Espen Hartveit
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Glycine Receptors ◽  
Synaptic Currents ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

scholarly journals Glycine Receptors and Glycinergic Synaptic Input at the Axon Terminals of Mammalian Retinal Rod Bipolar Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 553 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan Cui ◽  
Yu‐Ping Ma ◽  
Stuart A. Lipton ◽  
Zhuo‐Hua Pan
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Glycine Receptors ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Retinal Rod ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

scholarly journals Mechanisms Underlying Lateral GABAergic Feedback onto Rod Bipolar Cells in Rat Retina

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 2330-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chavez ◽  
W. N. Grimes ◽  
J. S. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Voltage- and transmitter-gated currents in isolated rod bipolar cells of rat retina

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karschin ◽  
H. Wassle
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

1. Bipolar cells were isolated from adult rat retinas after enzymatic and mechanical treatment. The cells could be unequivocally identified from their morphology because of high retention of their axon and dendritic processes after isolation. 2. Protein kinase C (PKC) immunoreactivity performed on sections of the rat retina labeled rod bipolar cells and a few amacrine cells. Virtually all bipolar cells in the dissociates expressed PKC immunoreactivity and were, therefore, rod bipolar cells. 3. Rod bipolar cells were examined with the tight-seal whole-cell and excised-patch recording techniques. Resting potentials of the isolated cells recorded under current-clamp conditions showed a broad unimodal distribution around -37 mV. 4. Membrane depolarization from a holding potential of -90 mV resulted in an outward current. A fast sodium inward current was not observed. Membrane hyperpolarization from a holding potential of -40 mV activated an inwardly rectifying current. 5. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, the putative retinal neurotransmitters that mediate the bipolar cells' receptive field surround in vivo, activated chloride conductances in almost all isolated bipolar cells. GABA- and glycine-evoked currents were both desensitizing and could be antagonized by the classical blockers bicuculline, picrotoxin, and strychnine, respectively. 6. Pressure application of the drugs from fine microcapillaries to various parts of the isolated cells suggests a high GABA sensitivity at the axonal endings compared with either the somatic or dendritic region. A similar distribution was not found for glycine. On the contrary, glycine-induced single-channel events with main conductances of 52 and 34 pS were recorded from membrane patches excised from the cells' somata. 7. Conductances induced by glutamate and several excitatory amino acid agonists were observed in a number of the cells. Application of the glutamate agonist 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) induced an inward current at negative holding potentials associated with the opening of ion channels. In only 5 of 93 cells, APB closed ion channels, leading to a decrease in membrane conductance.

Expression of glycine receptor subunits and gephyrin in single bipolar cells of the rat retina

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Enz ◽  
Joachim Bormann
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Receptor ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

AbstractWe studied the expression of glycine receptor (GlyR) subunits and gephyrin in the adult rat retina. Reverse transcribed RNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers designed to recognize GlyR α1, α2, α3, β subunits, and gephyrin. Using RNA isolated from the whole retina, signals for all four GlyR subunits and gephyrin could be observed. In rod bipolar cells, in contrast, we detected a subset of GlyR subunits, α1 and β, and no gephyrin. Patch-clamp recording employing two subtype-specific blockers of the GlyR, picrotoxinin and cyanotriphenylborate (CTB), indicated that the GlyR in rod bipolar cells is a heteromeric protein composed of the α1 and β subunit. Moreover, the absence of detectable amounts of gephyrin mRNA suggests that the anchor protein is not required for the function of GlyRs in rod bipolar cells.

Reciprocal Synaptic Interactions Between Rod Bipolar Cells and Amacrine Cells in the Rat Retina

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2923-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Hartveit
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Synaptic Interactions ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Reciprocal synaptic interactions between rod bipolar cells and amacrine cells in the rat retina. Reciprocal synaptic transmission between rod bipolar cells and presumed A17 amacrine cells was studied by whole cell voltage-clamp recording of rod bipolar cells in a rat retinal slice preparation. Depolarization of a rod bipolar cell evoked two identifiable types of Ca2+ current, a T-type current that activated at about −70 mV and a current with L-type pharmacology that activated at about −50 mV. Depolarization to greater than or equal to −50 mV also evoked an increase in the frequency of postsynaptic currents (PSCs). The PSCs reversed at ∼ E Cl (the chloride equilibrium potential), followed changes in E Cl, and were blocked by γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) and GABAC receptor antagonists and thus were identified as GABAergic inhibitory PSCs (IPSCs). Bipolar cells with cut axons displayed the T-type current but lacked an L-type current and depolarization-evoked IPSCs. Thus L-type Ca2+ channels are placed strategically at the axon terminals to mediate transmitter release from rod bipolar cells. The IPSCs were blocked by the non- N-methyl-d-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, indicating that non-NMDA receptors mediate the feed-forward bipolar-to-amacrine excitation. The NMDA receptor antagonist 3-((RS)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid had no consistent effect on the depolarization-evoked IPSCs, indicating that activation of NMDA receptors is not essential for the feedforward excitation. Tetrodotoxin (a blocker of voltage-gated Na+channels) reversibly suppressed the reciprocal response in some cells but not in others, indicating that graded potentials are sufficient for transmitter release from A17 amacrine cells, but suggesting that voltage-gated Na+ channels, under some conditions, can contribute to transmitter release.

Morphological differentiation of bipolar cells in the ferret retina

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. MILLER ◽  
M.N. TRAN ◽  
G.-K. WONG ◽  
D.M. OAKLEY ◽  
R.O.L. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Ribbon Synapses ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells ◽  
Cone Bipolar Cells ◽  
Dye Labeling

Bipolar cells are not only important for visual processing but input from these cells may underlie the reorganization of ganglion cell dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) during development. Because little is known about the development of bipolar cells, here we have used immunocytochemical markers and dye labeling to identify and follow their differentiation in the neonatal ferret retina. Putative cone bipolar cells were immunoreacted for calbindin and recoverin, and rod bipolar cells were immunostained for protein kinase C (PKC). Our results show that calbindin-immunoreactive cone bipolar cells appear at postnatal day 15 (P15), at which time their axonal terminals are already localized to the inner half of the IPL. By contrast, recoverin-immunoreactive cells with terminals in the IPL are present at birth, but many of these cells may be immature photoreceptors. By the second postnatal week, recoverin-positive cells resembling cone bipolar cells were clearly present, and with increasing age, two distinct strata of immunolabeled processes occupied the IPL. PKC-containing rod bipolar cells emerged by the fourth postnatal week and at this age have stratified arbors in the inner IPL. The early bias of bipolar axonal arbors in terminating in the inner or outer half of the IPL is confirmed by dye labeling of cells with somata in the inner nuclear layer. At P10, several days before ribbon synapses have been previously observed in the ferret IPL, the axon terminals of all dye-labeled bipolar cells were clearly stratified. The results suggest that bipolar cells could provide spatially localized interactions that are suitable for guiding dendritic lamination in the inner retina.

Orexin-B modulates synaptic transmission of rod bipolar cells in rat retina

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hua Wu ◽  
Guo-Zhong Xu ◽  
Shi-Jun Weng ◽  
Xiong-Li Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells
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