scholarly journals Neonatal maternal separation and enhancement of the hypoxic ventilatory response in rat: the role of GABAergic modulation within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

2007 ◽  
Vol 583 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie-Emmanuelle Genest ◽  
Norbert Balon ◽  
Sylvie Laforest ◽  
Guy Drolet ◽  
Richard Kinkead
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation ◽  
Gabaergic Modulation

Neonatal maternal separation enhances phrenic responses to hypoxia and carotid sinus nerve stimulation in the adult anesthetized rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kinkead ◽  
Roumiana Gulemetova ◽  
Aida Bairam
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Carotid Sinus Nerve ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation ◽  
Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In awake animals, our laboratory recently showed that the hypoxic ventilatory response of adult male (but not female) rats previously subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) is 25% greater than controls (Genest SE, Gulemetova R, Laforest S, Drolet G, and Kinkead R. J Physiol 554: 543–557, 2004). To begin mechanistic investigations of the effects of this neonatal stress on respiratory control development, we tested the hypothesis that, in male rats, NMS enhances central integration of carotid body chemoafferent signals. Experiments were performed on two groups of adult male rats. Pups subjected to NMS were placed in a temperature-controlled incubator 3 h/day from postnatal day 3 to postnatal day 12. Control pups were undisturbed. At adulthood (8–10 wk), rats were anesthetized (urethane; 1.6 g/kg), paralyzed, and ventilated with a hyperoxic gas mixture [inspired O2 fraction (FiO2) = 0.5], and phrenic nerve activity was recorded. The first series of experiments aimed to demonstrate that NMS-related enhancement of the inspiratory motor output (phrenic) response to hypoxia occurs in anesthetized animals also. In this series, rats were exposed to moderate, followed by severe, isocapnic hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12 and 0.08, respectively, 5 min each). NMS enhanced both the frequency and amplitude components of the phrenic response to hypoxia relative to controls, thereby validating the use of this approach. In a second series of experiments, NMS increased the amplitude (but not the frequency) response to unilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation (stimulation frequency range: 0.5–33 Hz). We conclude that enhancement of central integration of carotid body afferent signal contributes to the larger hypoxic ventilatory response observed in NMS rats.

Neonatal maternal separation and early life programming of the hypoxic ventilatory response in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 149 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kinkead ◽  
Sophie-Emmanuelle Genest ◽  
Roumiana Gulemetova ◽  
Yves Lajeunesse ◽  
Sylvie Laforest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Early Life Programming ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation

scholarly journals Neonatal maternal separation and sex-specific plasticity of the hypoxic ventilatory response in awake rat

2004 ◽  
Vol 554 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie-Emmanuelle Genest ◽  
Roumiana Gulemetova ◽  
Sylvie Laforest ◽  
Guy Drolet ◽  
Richard Kinkead
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Awake Rat ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation

Role of glutamate and serotonin on the hypoxic ventilatory response in high-altitude-adapted plateau Pika

2015 ◽  
Vol 212-214 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhong Bai ◽  
Nicolas Voituron ◽  
Tana Wuren ◽  
Florine Jeton ◽  
Guoen Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Plateau Pika

Neonatal stress and attenuation of the hypercapnic ventilatory response in adult male rats: the role of carotid chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (5) ◽  
pp. R1279-R1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric S. Dumont ◽  
Richard Kinkead
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) is a form of stress that disrupts respiratory control development. Awake adult male rats previously subjected to NMS show a ventilatory response to hypercapnia (HCVR; FiCO2 = 0.05) 47% lower than controls; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To address this issue, we first tested the hypothesis that carotid bodies contribute to NMS-related attenuation of the HCVR by using carotid sinus nerve section or FiO2 manipulation to maintain PaO2 constant (iso-oxic) during hypercapnic hyperpnea. We then determined whether NMS-related augmentation of baroreflex sensitivity contributes to the reduced HCVR in NMS rats. Nitroprusside and phenylephrine injections were used to manipulate arterial blood pressure in both groups of rats. Pups subjected to NMS were separated from their mother 3 h/day from postnatal days 3 to 12. Control rats were undisturbed. At adulthood, rats were anesthetized [urethane (1g/kg) + isoflurane (0.5%)], and diaphragmatic electromyogram (dEMG) was measured under baseline and hypercapnic conditions (PaCO2: 10 Torr above baseline). The relative minute activity response to hypercapnia of anesthetized NMS rats was 34% lower than controls. Maintaining PaO2 constant during hypercapnia reversed this phenotype; the HCVR of NMS rats was 45% greater than controls. Although the decrease in breathing frequency during baroreflex activation was greater in NMS rats, the change observed within the range of pressure change observed during hypercapnia was minimal. We conclude that NMS-related changes in carotid body sensitivity to chemical stimuli and/or its central integration is a key mechanism in the attenuation of HCVR by NMS.

Role of adenosine in the hypoxic ventilatory response of the newborn piglet

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Maria Lopes ◽  
G. Michael Davis ◽  
Krishna Mullahoo ◽  
Jacob V. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Newborn Piglet ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response
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