scholarly journals Differential wiring of local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to islet cells in rat spinal lamina II demonstrated by laser scanning photostimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 580 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Kato ◽  
Yasuhiko Kawasaki ◽  
Ru-Rong Ji ◽  
Andrew M. Strassman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation ◽  
Spinal Lamina

scholarly journals Aberrant development of excitatory circuits to inhibitory neurons in the primary visual cortex after neonatal binocular enucleation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongkang Deng ◽  
Joseph P. Y. Kao ◽  
Patrick O. Kanold
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Retinal Input ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Ampa And Nmda Receptors ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation

AbstractThe development of GABAergic interneurons is important for the functional maturation of cortical circuits. After migrating into the cortex, GABAergic interneurons start to receive glutamatergic connections from cortical excitatory neurons and thus gradually become integrated into cortical circuits. These glutamatergic connections are mediated by glutamate receptors including AMPA and NMDA receptors and the ratio of AMPA to NMDA receptors decreases during development. Since previous studies have shown that retinal input can regulate the early development of connections along the visual pathway, we investigated if the maturation of glutamatergic inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the visual cortex requires retinal input. We mapped the spatial pattern of glutamatergic connections to layer 4 (L4) GABAergic interneurons in mouse visual cortex at around postnatal day (P) 16 by laser-scanning photostimulation and investigated the effect of binocular enucleations at P1/P2 on these patterns. Gad2-positive interneurons in enucleated animals showed an increased fraction of AMPAR-mediated input from L2/3 and a decreased fraction of input from L5/6. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons showed similar changes in relative connectivity. NMDAR-only input was largely unchanged by enucleation. Our results show that retinal input sculpts the integration of interneurons into V1 circuits and suggest that the development of AMPAR- and NMDAR-only connections might be regulated differently.

scholarly journals Subpopulation-specific patterns of intrinsic connectivity in mouse superficial dorsal horn as revealed by laser scanning photostimulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 (7) ◽  
pp. 1935-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Kosugi ◽  
Go Kato ◽  
Stanislav Lukashov ◽  
Gautam Pendse ◽  
Zita Puskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Superficial Dorsal Horn ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation

scholarly journals Primary Afferent Stimulation Differentially Potentiates Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Spinal Lamina II Outer and Inner Neurons

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2413-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Zhen Pan ◽  
Hui-Lin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Afferent Stimulation ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Primary Afferent Nerves ◽  
Spinal Lamina ◽  
Stimulation Of

Spinal lamina II (substantia gelatinosa) neurons play an important role in processing of nociceptive information from primary afferent nerves. Anatomical studies suggest that neurons in the outer (lamina IIo) and inner (lamina IIi) zone of lamina II receive distinct afferent inputs. The functional significance of this preferential afferent termination in lamina II remains unclear. In this study, we examined the differential synaptic inputs to neurons in lamina IIo and IIi in response to primary afferent stimulation. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on neurons in lamina IIo and IIi of the rat spinal cord slice under visual guidance. Capsaicin (1 μM) significantly increased the frequency of glutamatergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in all 27 lamina IIo neurons and significantly increased the amplitude of mEPSCs in 12 of 27 lamina IIo neurons. However, capsaicin only significantly increased the frequency of mEPSCs in 9 of 22 (40.9%) lamina IIi neurons and increased the amplitude of mEPSCs in 6 of these 9 neurons. Furthermore, the peak amplitude of EPSCs, evoked by electrical stimulation of the attached dorsal root, in 40 lamina IIo neurons was significantly greater than that [160.5 ± 16.7 vs. 87.0 ± 10.4 (SE) pA] in 37 lamina IIi neurons. On the other hand, the peak amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in 40 lamina IIo neurons was significantly smaller than that (103.1 ± 11.6 vs. 258.4 ± 24.4 pA) in 37 lamina IIi neurons. In addition, the peak amplitudes of both EPSCs and IPSCs, evoked by direct stimulation of lamina II, were similar in lamina IIo and IIi neurons. This study provides new information that stimulation of primary afferents differentially potentiates synaptic inputs to neurons in lamina IIo and IIi. The quantitative difference in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to lamina IIo and IIi neurons may be important for integration of sensory information from primary afferent nerves.

FRET-based voltage probes for confocal imaging: membrane potential oscillations throughout pancreatic islets

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. C224-C229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Vytautas P. Bindokas ◽  
Jeremy D. Marks ◽  
Louis H. Philipson
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Potential Oscillations

Insulin secretion is dependent on coordinated pancreatic islet physiology. In the present study, we found a way to overcome the limitations of cellular electrophysiology to optically determine cell membrane potential ( Vm) throughout an islet by using a fast voltage optical dye pair. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), we observed fluorescence (Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) with the fluorescent donor N-(6-chloro-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carbonyl)-dimyristoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine and the acceptor bis-(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate) trimethine oxonol in the plasma membrane of essentially every cell within an islet. The FRET signal was approximately linear from Vm −70 to +50 mV with a 2.5-fold change in amplitude. We evaluated the responses of islet cells to glucose and tetraethylammonium. Essentially, every responding cell in a mouse islet displayed similar time-dependent changes in Vm. When Vm was measured simultaneously with intracellular Ca2+, all active cells showed tight coupling of Vm to islet cell Ca2+ changes. Our findings indicate that FRET-based, voltage-sensitive dyes used in conjunction with LSCM imaging could be extremely useful in studies of excitation-secretion coupling in intact islets of Langerhans.

scholarly journals Thalamocortical And Intracortical Inputs Differentiate Layer-Specific Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular Neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Slater ◽  
Stacy K. Sons ◽  
Daniel A. Llano
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation ◽  
Descending Projections

AbstractLong-range descending projections from the auditory cortex play key roles in shaping response properties in the inferior colliculus. The auditory corticocollicular projection is massive and heterogeneous, with axons emanating from cortical layers 5 and 6, and plays a key role in directing plastic changes in the inferior colliculus. However, little is known about the cortical and thalamic networks within which corticocollicular neurons are embedded. Here, laser scanning photostimulation glutamate uncaging and photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 were used to probe the local and long-range network differences between pre-identified mouse layer 5 and layer 6 auditory corticocollicular neurons in vitro. Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons were found to vertically integrate supragranular excitatory and inhibitory input to a substantially greater degree than their layer 6 counterparts. In addition, all layer 5 corticocollicular neurons received direct and large thalamic inputs from channelrhodopsin-2 labeled thalamocortical fibers whereas such inputs were less common in layer 6 corticocollicular neurons. Finally, a new low calcium/synaptic blockade approach to separate direct from indirect inputs using laser photostimulation was validated. These data demonstrate that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular neurons receive distinct sets of cortical and thalamic inputs, supporting the hypothesis that they have divergent roles in modulating the inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the direct connection between the auditory thalamus and layer 5 corticocollicular neurons reveals a novel and rapid link connecting ascending and descending pathways.

scholarly journals Different Topography of the Reticulothalmic Inputs to First- and Higher-Order Somatosensory Thalamic Relays Revealed Using Photostimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2903-2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Wan Lam ◽  
S. Murray Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Thalamic Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation ◽  
Lateral Nucleus

The thalamic reticular nucleus is a layer of GABAergic neurons that occupy a strategic position between the thalamus and cortex. Here we used laser scanning photostimulation to compare in young mice (9–12 days old) the organization of the reticular inputs to first- and higher-order somatosensory relays, namely, the ventral posterior lateral nucleus and posterior nucleus, respectively. The reticulothalamic input footprints to the ventral posterior lateral nucleus neurons consisted of small, single, topographically organized elliptical regions in a tier away from the reticulothalamic border. In contrast, those to the posterior nucleus were complicated and varied considerably among neurons: although almost all contained a single elliptical region near the reticulothalamic border, in most cases, they consisted of additional discontinuous regions or relatively diffuse regions throughout the thickness of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Our results suggest two sources of reticular inputs to the posterior nucleus neurons: one that is relatively topographic from regions near the reticulothalamic border and one that is relatively diffuse and convergent from most or all of the thickness of the thalamic reticular nucleus. We propose that the more topographic reticular input is the basis of local inhibition seen in posterior nucleus neurons and that the more diffuse and convergent input may represent circuitry through which the ventral posterior lateral and posterior nuclei interact.

scholarly journals Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

10.3791/50915 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Lee ◽  
Ying-Wan Lam ◽  
Kazuo Imaizumi ◽  
S. Murray Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation
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