scholarly journals Changes in arterial K+ and ventilation during exercise in normal subjects and subjects with McArdle's syndrome.

1990 ◽  
Vol 429 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Paterson ◽  
J S Friedland ◽  
D A Bascom ◽  
I D Clement ◽  
D A Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mcardle's Syndrome

Potassium and ventilation in exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Direct Proof ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Mcardle's Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

The drive to breathe in exercise is thought to result from a combination of neural and humoral factors, but the exact nature of the controlling signals is controversial. This review examines evidence suggesting that potassium could be a signal that drives ventilation (VE) in exercise. Potassium is lost from working muscle, which results in a marked hyperkalemia in the arterial plasma. The rise in potassium is directly proportional to the increase in carbon dioxide production during exercise and is also well correlated with VE in normal subjects and in subjects who do not produce acid (McArdle's syndrome). In the anesthetized and decerebrate cat, physiological levels of hyperkalemia stimulate VE by direct excitation of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, because surgical and chemical denervation of the chemoreceptors abolishes the increase in VE caused by potassium. The effect of hyperkalemia on chemoreceptor activity is further enhanced by hypoxia, but an abrupt switch to hyperoxia removes this effect. From these studies, it is suggested that potassium fulfills many of the criteria of being the special substance or “work factor” that was postulated over a century ago to stimulate VE in exercise. Although there is no direct proof that potassium causes an increase in breathing during exercise, circumstantial evidence strongly supports the idea that it should be considered as a stimulus to exercise hyperpnea.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

The Effect of Stapedectomy on the Loudness of One’s Own Voice

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Loudness Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Five subjects with normal middle ear mechanisms, and otosclerotic patients, before and after stapedectomy, matched the loudness of their voices to the loudness of a 125-cps-sawtooth noise. The results showed loudness matching functions with gradual slopes, less than 1.00, for the normal subjects and the patients prior to stapedectomy. Post-surgically, the loudness function for the patients increased in steepness to considerably more than 1.00. These results are explained, most logically, in terms of increased sensitivity of the altered middle ear to sound energy generated by the listener’s own voice.

Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Samuel Fillenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

Object Transformations in the Play of Language-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Y. Terrell ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Play Behavior ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Impaired Children

The play behavior of 10 language-impaired children was observed. Their performances in play were compared to those of 10 normal-language children matched for chronological age as well as to those of 10 normal-language children matched for mean length of utterance. The children were observed as they played spontaneously with a standard group of toys and as they played with objects that required object transformations for successful play. The chronological age-matched normal subjects showed a trend toward performance of more object transformations in play than either the language-impaired or younger normal-language children. Additionally, although object transformations were observed in both segments, all children performed more object transformations with objects than with toys.

Mechanical characteristics of the EGJ after fundoplication compared to normal subjects and GERD patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A112-A112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J CURRY ◽  
G SHI ◽  
J PANDOLFINO ◽  
R JOEHL ◽  
J BRASSEUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Normal Subjects
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