scholarly journals Patterns of recurrent excitation and mutual inhibition of cat Renshaw cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Renshaw Cells ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Recurrent Excitation

Strychnine-resistant mutual inhibition of renshaw cells

1972 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Ryall ◽  
M.F. Piercey ◽  
C. Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Renshaw Cells ◽  
Mutual Inhibition

Intersegmental and intrasegmental distribution of mutual inhibition of Renshaw cells.

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Ryall ◽  
M F Piercey ◽  
C Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Renshaw Cells ◽  
Mutual Inhibition

scholarly journals Recurrent excitation between motoneurones propagates across segments and is purely glutamatergic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Bhumbra ◽  
M. Beato
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Renshaw Cells ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Spinal Segment ◽  
Recurrent Excitation ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Adjacent Segments ◽  
Spinal Motoneurones

AbstractSpinal motoneurones constitute the final output for the execution of motor tasks. In addition to innervating muscles, motoneurones project excitatory collateral connections to Renshaw cells and other motoneurones, but the latter have received little attention. We show that motoneurones receive strong synaptic input from other motoneurones throughout development and into maturity with fast type motoneurones systematically receiving greater recurrent excitation than slow type motoneurones. Optical recordings show that activation of motoneurones in one spinal segment can propagate to adjacent segments even in the presence of intact recurrent inhibition. Quite remarkably, while it is known that transmission at the neuromuscular junction is purely cholinergic and Renshaw cells are excited through both acetylcholine and glutamate receptors, here we show that neurotransmission between motoneurones is purely glutamatergic indicating that synaptic transmission systems are differentiated at different post-synaptic targets of motoneurones.

The role of a metabolic intermediate in the biodegradation of inhibitory substrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mungkarndee ◽  
S. M. Rao Bhamidimarri ◽  
A. J. Mawson ◽  
R. Chong
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Product ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Ortho Cresol ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Biodegradation of the mixed inhibitory substrates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and para-chloro-ortho-cresol (PCOC) was studied in aerobic batch cultures. Each substrate added beyond certain concentrations inhibited the degradation of the other. This mutual inhibition was found to be enhanced by 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) which is an intermediate metabolic product of 2,4-D. When 2,4-DCP accumulated to approximatelY 40 mg/l degradation of all compounds in the mixed 2,4-D and PCOC substrate system was completely inhibited. The degradation of 2,4-D and PCOC individually was also found to be inhibited by elevated concentrations of 2,4-DCP added externally, while PCOC inhibited the utilization of the intermediate.

Properties of Renshaw cells excited by recurrent collaterals of pudendal motoneurons in the cat

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S167
Author(s):  
Ken Muramatsu ◽  
Masatoshi Niwa ◽  
Kenji Sato ◽  
Sei-Ichi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Renshaw Cells ◽  
Recurrent Collaterals

Recurrent Excitation In The Ca3 Region of Cat Hippocampus

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lebovitz ◽  
M. Dichter ◽  
W. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Excitation ◽  
Ca3 Region

scholarly journals ArhGAP15, a Rac-specific GTPase-activating Protein, Plays a Dual Role in Inhibiting Small GTPase Signaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 (29) ◽  
pp. 21117-21125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Radu ◽  
Sonali J. Rawat ◽  
Alexander Beeser ◽  
Anton Iliuk ◽  
Weiguo Andy Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Pak Kinase

Signaling from small GTPases is a tightly regulated process. In this work we used a protein microarray screen to identify the Rac-specific GAP, ArhGAP15, as a substrate of the Rac effectors Pak1 and Pak2. In addition to serving as a substrate of Pak1/2, we found that ArhGAP15, via its PH domain, bound to these kinases. The association of ArhGAP15 to Pak1/2 resulted in mutual inhibition of GAP and kinase catalytic activity, respectively. Knock-down of ArhGAP15 resulted in activation of Pak1/2, both indirectly, as a result of Rac activation, and directly, as a result of disruption of the ArhGAP15/Pak complex. Our data suggest that ArhGAP15 plays a dual negative role in regulating small GTPase signaling, by acting at the level of the GTPase itself, as well interacting with its effector, Pak kinase.

scholarly journals Dissociable roles of cortical excitation-inhibition balance during patch-leaving versus value-guided decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca F. Kaiser ◽  
Theo O. J. Gruendler ◽  
Oliver Speck ◽  
Lennart Luettgau ◽  
Gerhard Jocham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitation ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn a dynamic world, it is essential to decide when to leave an exploited resource. Such patch-leaving decisions involve balancing the cost of moving against the gain expected from the alternative patch. This contrasts with value-guided decisions that typically involve maximizing reward by selecting the current best option. Patterns of neuronal activity pertaining to patch-leaving decisions have been reported in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), whereas competition via mutual inhibition in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to underlie value-guided choice. Here, we show that the balance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I balance), measured by the ratio of GABA and glutamate concentrations, plays a dissociable role for the two kinds of decisions. Patch-leaving decision behaviour relates to E/I balance in dACC. In contrast, value-guided decision-making relates to E/I balance in vmPFC. These results support mechanistic accounts of value-guided choice and provide evidence for a role of dACC E/I balance in patch-leaving decisions.

scholarly journals Interaction betweenPseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusin cystic fibrosis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingming Zhao ◽  
Wencheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Combined Infection

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis.Pseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusare pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection withP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusresults in worsening lung function and clinical condition.MethodsIn this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusin CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms.ResultsP. aeruginosainhibitsA. fumigatusgrowth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants.P. aeruginosainducesA. fumigatusgrowth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines.A. fumigatusinterferes withP. aeruginosa, affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity.DiscussionCoexistence ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatuscan lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusinteraction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.

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