scholarly journals Diaphragm fatigue and inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in men and women matched for absolute diaphragmatic work during pressure‐threshold loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 597 (18) ◽  
pp. 4797-4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Geary ◽  
Joseph F. Welch ◽  
Malcolm R. McDonald ◽  
Carli M. Peters ◽  
Michael G. Leahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Diaphragm Fatigue

scholarly journals Effect of diaphragm fatigue on subsequent exercise tolerance in healthy men and women

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Welch ◽  
Bruno Archiza ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Christopher R. West ◽  
A. William Sheel
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Diaphragmatic Fatigue

Women are more resistant to diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) and experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex relative to men. The effects of such sex-based differences on whole body exercise tolerance are yet to be examined. It was hypothesized that DF induced prior to exercise would cause less of a reduction in subsequent exercise time in women compared to men. Healthy men ( n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 yr) and women ( n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 yr) completed a maximal incremental cycle test on day 1. On day 2, subjects performed isocapnic inspiratory pressure-threshold loading (PTL) to task failure followed by a constant load submaximal time-to-exhaustion (TTE) exercise test at 85% of the predetermined peak work rate. On day 3, subjects performed the same exercise test without prior induced DF. Days 2 and 3 were randomized and counterbalanced. Magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve roots was used to nonvolitionally assess DF by measurement of transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure ( Pdi,tw). A similar degree of DF was produced in both sexes following PTL [ Pdi,tw (% change from baseline): M = −24.6 ± 7.8%, W = −23.1 ± 5.4%; P = 0.54)]. There was a significant reduction in TTE with prior induced DF compared with the control condition in both men (10.9 ± 3.5 min vs. 13.0 ± 3.2 min, P = 0.05) and women (10.1 ± 2.4 min vs. 12.2 ± 3.3 min, P = 0.03) that did not differ in magnitude between the sexes (M = −15.8 ± 19.5%, W = −14.5 ± 19.2%, P = 0.89). In conclusion, DF negatively and equally impairs exercise tolerance independent of sex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Women are more resistant to diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) relative to men. The effect of DF on exercise tolerance is currently being debated. Our findings show that DF negatively and equally affects exercise tolerance in healthy men and women. Mechanisms beyond the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex (e.g., dyspnea, central fatigue, breathing pattern) may explain the absence of a sex-based difference.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. R574-R581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
Ryan M. Broxterman ◽  
Shane M. Hammer ◽  
Andrew M. Alexander ◽  
Kaylin D. Didier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Resistive Breathing

It is currently unknown whether sex differences exist in the cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. We hypothesized that the activation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex will lead to less of an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and less of a decrease in limb blood flow (Q̇L) in women compared with men. Twenty healthy men ( n = 10, 23 ± 2 yr) and women ( n = 10, 22 ± 3 yr) were recruited for this study. Subjects performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% or 65% of their maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PIMAX). During the IRBTs, the breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle. At rest and during the IRBTs, MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇L was measured via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated. EMG was recorded on the leg to ensure no muscle contraction occurred. The 65% IRBT led to attenuated increases ( P < 0.01) from baseline in women compared with men for MAP (W: 7.3 ± 2.0 mmHg; M: 11.1 ± 5.0 mmHg) and LVR (W: 17.7% ± 14.0%; M: 47.9 ± 21.0%), as well as less of a decrease ( P < 0.01) in Q̇L (W: −7.5 ± 9.9%; M: −23.3 ± 10.2%). These sex differences in MAP, Q̇L, and LVR were still present in a subset of subjects matched for PIMAX. The 2% IRBT resulted in no significant changes in MAP, Q̇L, or LVR across time or between men and women. These data indicate premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with age-matched men.

scholarly journals Elastic Taping’s Effect on Exercise Capacity in Recreational Runner with Inspiratory Muscle Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Asriningrum Asriningrum ◽  
Dewi Poerwandari ◽  
Andriati Andriati ◽  
Soenarnatalina Soenarnatalina
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
Functional Exercise Capacity ◽  
Recreational Runners

Background: Running is a new trend of recreational sports in Indonesia. About 70% of recreational runners have difficulty in improving exercise capacity due to exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), caused by fatigue of the diaphragmatic muscles. Previous studies have shown that various training methods may increase diaphragmatic muscle strength and endurance, for example, inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Unfortunately, improvement of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance after exercise and IMT are still varies. Therefore, other methods are needed to optimize the effect of IMT. Application of the elastic taping on thoracic wall during exercise allows the inspiratory muscles to contract optimally which might improve functional capacity.Aim: To assess the effect of elastic taping on inspiratory muscle training using the pressure threshold IMT, in increasing the functional exercise capacity of recreational runners. Functional capacity was measured based on VO2max value, rating of perceived breathlessness (RPB) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Methods: an experimental study involved 14 nonsmoker recreational runners, ages 20-40 years, at Outpatient Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Subjects were divided into two groups (pressure threshold IMT with and without elastic taping groups), which were observed for four weeks. IMT was done five times a week, twice a day, with 30 repetitions, and 60% resistance 30 RM using Respironics®. Elastic taping Leukotape® was applied on the first until fifth day in each IMT sessions. The running exercises were done three times a week with EnMill® Treadmill ETB-03195 with a speed of 4.5 mph and 0% inclination. RBP, RPE and VO2max were measured using Borg Dyspneu scale, Borg Scale, and Bruce Treadmill Protocol test, respectively, before the first exercise and after 4 weeks of exercise.Results: There were an improvement of functional exercise capacity in both groups which were marked with a decline of RPB and RPE and increase of VO2max (p values < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the decrease of RPB and RPE and an increase of VO2max between groups (p values of were 0.31, 0.83, and 0.13, respectively). The effect of the elastic taping (r2 = 0.99) was not reflected in the differences of RPB, RPE and increasing VO2max.Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training using pressure threshold IMT with or without the elastic taping for four weeks can improve exercise capacity of recreational runners.

Specific inspiratory muscle warm-up enhances badminton footwork performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lin ◽  
Tom Kwokkeung Tong ◽  
Chuanye Huang ◽  
Jinlei Nie ◽  
Kui Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Order ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Relationship Of

The effects of inspiratory muscle (IM) warm-up on IM function and on the maximum distance covered in a subsequent incremental badminton-footwork test (FWmax) were examined. Ten male badminton players were recruited to perform identical tests in three different trials in a random order. The control trial did not involve an IM warm-up, whereas the placebo and experimental trials did involve an IM warm-up consisting of two sets of 30-breath manoeuvres with an inspiratory pressure-threshold load equivalent to 15% (PLA) and 40% (IMW) maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, respectively. In the IMW trial, IM function was improved with 7.8% ± 4.0% and 6.9% ± 3.5% increases from control found in maximal inspiratory pressure at zero flow (P0) and maximal rate of P0 development (MRPD), respectively (p < 0.05). FWmax was enhanced 6.8% ± 3.7%, whereas the slope of the linear relationship of the increase in the rating of perceived breathlessness for every minute (RPB/min) was reduced (p < 0.05). Reduction in blood lactate ([La–]b) accumulation was observed when the test duration was identical to that of the control trial (P < 0.05). In the PLA trial, no parameter was changed from control. For the changes (Δ) in parameters in IMW (n = 10), negative correlations were found between ΔP0 and ΔRPB/min (r2 = 0.58), ΔMRPD and ΔRPB/min (r2 = 0.48), ΔRPB/min, and ΔFWmax (r2 = 0.55), but not between Δ[La–]b accumulation and ΔFWmax. Such findings suggest that the IM-specific warm-up improved footwork performance in the subsequent maximum incremental badminton-footwork test. The improved footwork was partly attributable to the reduced breathless sensation resulting from the enhanced IM function, whereas the contribution of the concomitant reduction in [La–]b accumulation was relatively minor.

Effect of Age on Sex Differences in the Inspiratory Muscle Metaboreflex

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
Andrew M. Alexander ◽  
Shane M. Hammer ◽  
Kaylin D. Didier ◽  
Stephanie P. Kurti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Effect Of Age

Sex Differences in the Inspiratory Muscle Metaboreflex

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
Ryan M. Broxterman ◽  
Shane M. Hammer ◽  
Andrew M. Alexander ◽  
Kaylin D. Didier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex

scholarly journals The effects of inspiratory muscle training on plasma interleukin-6 concentration during cycling exercise and a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean E. Mills ◽  
Michael A. Johnson ◽  
Martin J. McPhilimey ◽  
Neil C. Williams ◽  
Javier T. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Exercise Hyperpnea ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Diaphragm Fatigue

It is unknown whether the respiratory muscles contribute to exercise-induced increases in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration, if this is related to diaphragm fatigue, and whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) attenuates the plasma IL-6 response to whole body exercise and/or a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea. Twelve healthy males were divided equally into an IMT or placebo (PLA) group, and before and after a 6-wk intervention they undertook, on separate days, 1 h of 1) passive rest, 2) cycling exercise at estimated maximal lactate steady state power (EX), and 3) volitional hyperpnea at rest, which mimicked the breathing and respiratory muscle recruitment patterns achieved during EX (HYPEX). Plasma IL-6 concentration remained unchanged during passive rest. The plasma IL-6 response to EX was reduced following IMT (main effect of intervention, P = 0.039) but not PLA ( P = 0.272). Plasma IL-6 concentration increased during HYPEX (main effect of time, P < 0.01) and was unchanged postintervention. There was no evidence of diaphragm fatigue (measured by phrenic nerve stimulation) following each trial. In conclusion, plasma IL-6 concentration is increased during EX and HYPEX and this occurred in the absence of diaphragm fatigue. Furthermore, IMT reduced the plasma IL-6 response to EX but not HYPEX. These findings suggest that the respiratory muscles contribute to exercise-induced increases in plasma IL-6 concentration in the absence of diaphragm fatigue and that IMT can reduce the magnitude of the response to exercise but not a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea.

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