Specific inspiratory muscle warm-up enhances badminton footwork performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lin ◽  
Tom Kwokkeung Tong ◽  
Chuanye Huang ◽  
Jinlei Nie ◽  
Kui Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Order ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Relationship Of

The effects of inspiratory muscle (IM) warm-up on IM function and on the maximum distance covered in a subsequent incremental badminton-footwork test (FWmax) were examined. Ten male badminton players were recruited to perform identical tests in three different trials in a random order. The control trial did not involve an IM warm-up, whereas the placebo and experimental trials did involve an IM warm-up consisting of two sets of 30-breath manoeuvres with an inspiratory pressure-threshold load equivalent to 15% (PLA) and 40% (IMW) maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, respectively. In the IMW trial, IM function was improved with 7.8% ± 4.0% and 6.9% ± 3.5% increases from control found in maximal inspiratory pressure at zero flow (P0) and maximal rate of P0 development (MRPD), respectively (p < 0.05). FWmax was enhanced 6.8% ± 3.7%, whereas the slope of the linear relationship of the increase in the rating of perceived breathlessness for every minute (RPB/min) was reduced (p < 0.05). Reduction in blood lactate ([La–]b) accumulation was observed when the test duration was identical to that of the control trial (P < 0.05). In the PLA trial, no parameter was changed from control. For the changes (Δ) in parameters in IMW (n = 10), negative correlations were found between ΔP0 and ΔRPB/min (r2 = 0.58), ΔMRPD and ΔRPB/min (r2 = 0.48), ΔRPB/min, and ΔFWmax (r2 = 0.55), but not between Δ[La–]b accumulation and ΔFWmax. Such findings suggest that the IM-specific warm-up improved footwork performance in the subsequent maximum incremental badminton-footwork test. The improved footwork was partly attributable to the reduced breathless sensation resulting from the enhanced IM function, whereas the contribution of the concomitant reduction in [La–]b accumulation was relatively minor.

Effect of Moderate- or High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training on Maximal Inspiratory Mouth Pressure and Swimming Performance in Highly Trained Competitive Swimmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Ohya ◽  
Kenta Kusanagi ◽  
Jun Koizumi ◽  
Ryosuke Ando ◽  
Keisho Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Purpose: Inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) can improve exercise performance. Increased maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) could be beneficial for swimmers to enhance their performance. This study aimed to clarify the effect of high-intensity IMST for 6 weeks on MIP and swimming performance in highly trained competitive swimmers. Methods: Thirty male highly trained competitive swimmers were assigned to high-intensity IMST (HI; n = 10), moderate-intensity IMST (MOD; n = 10), and control (n = 10) groups. The 6-week IMST intervention comprised twice daily sessions for 6 d/wk at inspiratory pressure threshold loads equivalent to 75% MIP (HI) and 50% MIP (MOD). Before and after the intervention, MIP and swimming performance were assessed. Swimming performance was evaluated in free and controlled frequency breathing 100-m freestyle swimming time trials in a 25-m pool. For controlled frequency breathing, participants took 1 breath every 6 strokes. Results: The MIP values after 2 and 6 weeks of IMST in the HI and MOD groups were significantly higher than those before IMST (P = .0001). The magnitudes of the MIP increases after 6 weeks of IMST did not differ between the HI (13.4% [8.7%]) and MOD (13.1% [10.1%]) groups (P = .44). The 100-m freestyle swimming times under the controlled frequency condition were significantly shorter after IMST than those before IMST in both the HI (P = .046) and MOD (P = .042) groups. Conclusions: Inspiratory pressure threshold load equivalent to 50% MIP could be sufficient to improve MIP and swimming performance under the controlled frequency breathing condition in highly trained competitive swimmers.

scholarly journals Whole-body active warm-up and inspiratory muscle warm-up do not improve running performance when carrying thoracic loads

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Faghy ◽  
Peter I. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Common Task ◽  
Trial Performance

Whole-body active warm-ups (AWU) and inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) prior to exercise improves performance on some endurance exercise tasks. This study investigated the effects of AWU with and without IMW upon 2.4-km running time-trial performance while carrying a 25-kg backpack, a common task and backpack load in physically demanding occupations. Participants (n = 9) performed five 2.4-km running time-trials with a 25-kg thoracic load preceded in random order by (i) IMW comprising 2 × 30 inspiratory efforts against a pressure-threshold load of 40% maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), (ii) 10-min unloaded running (AWU) at lactate turnpoint (10.33 ± 1.58 km·h−1), (iii) placebo IMW (PLA) comprising 5-min breathing using a sham device, (iv) AWU+IMW, and (v) AWU+PLA. Pooled baseline PImax was similar between trials and increased by 7% and 6% following IMW and AWU+IMW (P < 0.05). Relative to baseline, pooled PImax was reduced by 9% after the time-trial, which was not different between trials (P > 0.05). Time-trial performance was not different between any trials. Whole-body AWU and IMW performed alone or combination have no ergogenic effect upon high-intensity, short-duration performance when carrying a 25-kg load in a backpack.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up on VO2 Kinetics during Submaximal Rowing

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mati Arend ◽  
Jana Kivastik ◽  
Jaak Talts ◽  
Jarek Mäestu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Vo2 Kinetics ◽  
Ergometer Rowing

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an inspiratory muscle warm-up on the VO2 kinetics during submaximal intensity ergometer rowing. Ten competitive male rowers (age 23.1 ± 3.8 years; height 188.1 ± 6.3 cm; body mass 85.6 ± 6.6 kg) took part in this investigation. A submaximal constant intensity (90% PVO2max) rowing test to volitional exhaustion was carried out twice with the standard rowing warm-up (Test 1) and with the standard rowing warm-up with additional specific inspiratory muscle warm-up of two sets of 30 repetitions at 40% maximal inspiratory pressure (Test 2). We found a significant correlation between time constant (τ1) and the VO2 value at 400 s in Test 1 (r = 0.78; p < 0.05); however, no correlation was found between those parameters in Test 2. In addition, we found a positive association between VO2max from the incremental rowing test and τ1 from Test 1 (r = 0.71; p < 0.05), whereas VO2 did not correlate with τ1 from Test 2. Adding inspiratory muscle warm-up of 40% maximal inspiratory pressure to regular rowing warm-up had no significant effect on oxygen consumption kinetics during submaximal rowing tests.

Breathlessness during exercise with and without resistive loading

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. el-Manshawi ◽  
K. J. Killian ◽  
E. Summers ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Resistive Loading

The purpose of this study was to quantify the intensity of breathlessness associated with exercise and respiratory resistive loading, with the specific purpose of isolating the quantitative contributions of inspiratory pressure, length, velocity, and frequency of inspiratory muscle shortening and duty cycle to breathlessness. The intensity of inspiratory pressure was quantified by measurement of estimated esophageal pressure (Pes = pressure at the mouth plus lung pressure), the extent of shortening by tidal volume (VT), and the velocity of shortening by inspiratory flow rate (VI). Six normal subjects underwent five incremental (100 kpm X min-1 X min-1) exercise tests on a cycle ergometer to maximum capacity. The first and last test were unloaded and the intervening tests were performed with external added resistances of 33, 57, and 73 cm H2O X l-1 X s in random order. The resistances were selected to provide a range of pressures, tidal volumes, flow rates, and patterns of breathing. At rest and at the end of each minute during exercise the subjects estimated the intensity of breathlessness (psi) by selecting a number ranging from 0 to 10 (Borg rating scale, 0 indicating no appreciable breathlessness and 10 the maximum tolerable sensation). Breathlessness was significantly and independently related to Pes (P less than 0.0001), VI (P less than 0.0001), frequency of breathing (fb) (P less than 0.01), and duty cycle [ratio of inspiratory duration to total breath duration (TI/TT)] (P less than 0.01): psi = 0.11 Pes + 0.61 VI + 1.99 TI/TT + 0.04 fb - 2.60 (r = 0.83). The results suggest that peak pressure (tension), VI (velocity of inspiratory muscle shortening), TI/TT, and fb contribute independently and collectively to breathlessness. The perception of respiratory muscle effort is ideally suited to subserve this sensation. The neurophysiological mechanism purported is a conscious awareness of the intensity of the outgoing motor command by means of corollary discharge within the central nervous system.

The effect of inspiratory muscle training on high-intensity, intermittent running performance to exhaustion

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Kwokkeung Tong ◽  
Frank Hokin Fu ◽  
Pak Kwong Chung ◽  
Roger Eston ◽  
Kui Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Experimental Group

The effects of inspiratory muscle (IM) training on maximal 20 m shuttle run performance (Ex) during Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test and on the physiological and perceptual responses to the running test were examined. Thirty men were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups. The experimental group underwent a 6 week pressure threshold IM training program by performing 30 inspiratory efforts twice daily, 6 d/week, against a load equivalent to 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure. The placebo group performed the same training procedure but with a minimal inspiratory load. The control group received no training. In post-intervention assessments, IM function was enhanced by >30% in the experimental group. The Ex was improved by 16.3% ± 3.9%, while the rate of increase in intensity of breathlessness (RPB/4i) was reduced by 11.0% ± 6.2%. Further, the whole-body metabolic stress reflected by the accumulations of plasma ammonia, uric acid, and blood lactate during the Yo-Yo test at the same absolute intensity was attenuated. For the control and placebo groups, no significant change in these variables was observed. In comparison with previous observations that the reduced RPB/4i resulting from IM warm-up was the major reason for improved Ex, the reduced RPB/4i resulting from the IM training program was lower despite the greater enhancement of IM function, whereas improvement in Ex was similar. Such findings suggest that although both IM training and warm-up improve the tolerance of intense intermittent exercise, the underlying mechanisms may be different.

Relationship of transdiaphragmatic pressure and latencies for detecting added inspiratory loads

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Zechman ◽  
S. R. Muza ◽  
P. W. Davenport ◽  
R. L. Wiley ◽  
R. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Random Order ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Relationship Of

The purpose of this investigation was to measure changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) developed during graded elastic (E) and resistive (R) loaded breaths and to correlate the emergence of such changes with the load-dependent alterations in latency for detection (Tdet). Five healthy adults were studied using three protocols, i.e., graded E, graded R, and graded R in the presence of elevated background R. In each protocol, loads were added for single inspirations, 10 times in random order and separated by three to five unloaded breaths. Subjects pressed a signal marker as soon as loads were detected. Inspiratory flow (VI), inspired volume (VI), mouth pressure, and Pdi of loaded breaths and the preceding unloaded breaths were recorded and computer averaged. Patterns of VI and VI were not altered prior to detection of the smallest added E and R loads but decreased with the higher loads. Group mean patterns of Pdi showed graded increases during loaded breaths. Augmentation of Pdi preceded Tdet and occurred earlier as Tdet decreased with graded E and R loads. Elevating the background R delayed both Tdet of added R and the augmentation of Pdi. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that load-induced changes in diaphragmatic tension may play a sensory role in detection of inspiratory loads.

Moderate- and High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training Equally Improves Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Endurance—A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patricia Rehder-Santos ◽  
Raphael M. Abreu ◽  
Étore De F. Signini ◽  
Claudio D. da Silva ◽  
Camila A. Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Strength

Background and Objective: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) produced outstanding results in the physical performance of active subjects; however, little is known about the best training intensity for this population. The objective was to investigate the impact of an IMT of high intensity, using the critical inspiratory pressure (CIP), on inspiratory muscle strength (IMS), inspiratory muscle endurance (IME), peak power, and oxygen uptake of recreational cyclists; and to compare these results with moderate-intensity IMT (60% of maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]). Methods: Thirty apparently healthy male recreational cyclists, 20–40 years old, underwent 11 weeks of IMT (3 times per week; 55 min per session). Participants were randomized into 3 groups: sham group (6 cmH2O; n = 8); 60% MIP (MIP60; n = 10) and CIP (n = 12). All participants performed the IMS test and incremental IME test at the first, fifth, ninth, and 13th weeks of the experimental protocol. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on an electromagnetic braking cycle ergometer pre-IMT and post-IMT. Data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (group and period factors). Results: IMS increased in CIP and MIP60 groups at the ninth and 13th weeks compared with the sham group (P < .001; β = 0.99). Regarding IME, there was an interaction between the CIP and MIP60 groups in all periods, except in the initial evaluation (P < .001; β = 1.00). Peak power (in watts) increased after IMT in CIP and MIP60 groups (P = .01; β = 0.67). Absolute oxygen uptake did not increase after IMT (P = .49; β = 0.05). Relative oxygen uptake to lean mass values did not change significantly (P = .48; β = 0.05). Conclusion: High-intensity IMT is beneficial on IMS, IME, and peak power, but does not provide additional gain to moderate intensity in recreational cyclists.

scholarly journals Elastic Taping’s Effect on Exercise Capacity in Recreational Runner with Inspiratory Muscle Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Asriningrum Asriningrum ◽  
Dewi Poerwandari ◽  
Andriati Andriati ◽  
Soenarnatalina Soenarnatalina
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
Functional Exercise Capacity ◽  
Recreational Runners

Background: Running is a new trend of recreational sports in Indonesia. About 70% of recreational runners have difficulty in improving exercise capacity due to exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), caused by fatigue of the diaphragmatic muscles. Previous studies have shown that various training methods may increase diaphragmatic muscle strength and endurance, for example, inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Unfortunately, improvement of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance after exercise and IMT are still varies. Therefore, other methods are needed to optimize the effect of IMT. Application of the elastic taping on thoracic wall during exercise allows the inspiratory muscles to contract optimally which might improve functional capacity.Aim: To assess the effect of elastic taping on inspiratory muscle training using the pressure threshold IMT, in increasing the functional exercise capacity of recreational runners. Functional capacity was measured based on VO2max value, rating of perceived breathlessness (RPB) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Methods: an experimental study involved 14 nonsmoker recreational runners, ages 20-40 years, at Outpatient Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Subjects were divided into two groups (pressure threshold IMT with and without elastic taping groups), which were observed for four weeks. IMT was done five times a week, twice a day, with 30 repetitions, and 60% resistance 30 RM using Respironics®. Elastic taping Leukotape® was applied on the first until fifth day in each IMT sessions. The running exercises were done three times a week with EnMill® Treadmill ETB-03195 with a speed of 4.5 mph and 0% inclination. RBP, RPE and VO2max were measured using Borg Dyspneu scale, Borg Scale, and Bruce Treadmill Protocol test, respectively, before the first exercise and after 4 weeks of exercise.Results: There were an improvement of functional exercise capacity in both groups which were marked with a decline of RPB and RPE and increase of VO2max (p values < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the decrease of RPB and RPE and an increase of VO2max between groups (p values of were 0.31, 0.83, and 0.13, respectively). The effect of the elastic taping (r2 = 0.99) was not reflected in the differences of RPB, RPE and increasing VO2max.Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training using pressure threshold IMT with or without the elastic taping for four weeks can improve exercise capacity of recreational runners.

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