scholarly journals The impact of exercise and nutrition on the regulation of skeletal muscle mass

2018 ◽  
Vol 597 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris McGlory ◽  
Stephan Vliet ◽  
Tanner Stokes ◽  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Antidiabetic Agents on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Ning Wu ◽  
Kai-Jen Tien
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
The Impact

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. Contributing factors include nutritional, genetic, inflammatory, and endocrinal factors. The reported prevalence of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is high, especially in patients with poor glycemic control. Additionally, antidiabetic agents may alter the balance between protein synthesis and degradation through various mechanisms of skeletal muscle mass regulation. This study reviewed the literature on the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in diabetes mellitus and the current understanding of whether antidiabetic agents contribute positively or negatively to sarcopenia and muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation and Impact on Skeletal Muscle Function in Cell and Animal Models and an Aging Population: What Do We Know So Far?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Karina Romeu Montenegro ◽  
Milene Amarante Pufal ◽  
Philip Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Cells

Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes. The impact of Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults is still controversial. The aim of this review was to summarize data from randomized clinical trials, animal dietary intervention and cell studies in order to clarify current knowledge on the effects of VitD on skeletal muscle as reported for these three types of experiments. A structured research of the literature in Medline via PubMed was conducted and a total of 43 articles were analysed (cells n = 18, animals n = 13 and humans n = 13). The results as described by these key studies demonstrate, overall, at cell and animal levels, that VitD treatments had positive effects on the development of muscle fibres in cells in culture, skeletal muscle force and hypertrophy. Vitamin D supplementation appears to regulate not only lipid and mitochondrial muscle metabolism but also to have a direct effect on glucose metabolism and insulin driven signalling. However, considering the human perspective, results revealed a predominance of null effects of the vitamin on muscle in the ageing population, but experimental design may have influenced the study outcome in humans. Well-designed long duration double-blinded trials, standardised VitD dosing regimen, larger sample sized studies and standardised measurements may be helpful tools to accurately determine results and compare to those observed in cells and animal dietary intervention models.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Training and In Vivo Akt Activation Counteract Cancer Cachexia by Inducing a Hypertrophic Profile through eIF-2α Modulation

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Pereira ◽  
Vanessa A. Voltarelli ◽  
Gabriel C. Tobias ◽  
Lara de Souza ◽  
Gabriela S. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Akt Activation ◽  
The Impact

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial and devastating syndrome characterized by severe skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction. As cachexia still has neither a cure nor an effective treatment, better understanding of skeletal muscle plasticity in the context of cancer is of great importance. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown as an important complementary therapy for chronic diseases and associated comorbidities, the impact of AET on skeletal muscle mass maintenance during cancer progression has not been well documented yet. Here, we show that previous AET induced a protective mechanism against tumor-induced muscle wasting by modulating the Akt/mTORC1 signaling and eukaryotic initiation factors, specifically eIF2-α. Thereafter, it was determined whether the in vivo Akt activation would induce a hypertrophic profile in cachectic muscles. As observed for the first time, Akt-induced hypertrophy was able and sufficient to either prevent or revert cancer cachexia by modulating both Akt/mTORC1 pathway and the eIF-2α activation, and induced a better muscle functionality. These findings provide evidence that skeletal muscle tissue still preserves hypertrophic potential to be stimulated by either AET or gene therapy to counteract cancer cachexia.

scholarly journals Impact of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass on Complications and Survival for Gastric Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fang ◽  
Peijuan Li ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Wei Chong ◽  
Fengying Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Laparoscopic Gastrectomy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Increasing evidence has indicated that low skeletal muscle mass is linked with cancer prognosis, but existing have shown contrasting results. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of preoperative low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) on complications and survival of patients who undergo laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC).Methods: Patients who undergo laparoscopic gastrectomy for GC were enrolled and third lumbar vertebra psoas muscles index (PMI) was assessed by computer tomography (CT). Using propensity score matching (1:1) to obtain 2 well-balanced cohorts for available variables influencing clinical outcomes, comparing the postoperative complications and 3-year overall survival (OS) between LSMM group and non-LSMM group.Results: A total of 386 patients, 226 were matched for analyses. Compared with the non-LSMM group, the LSMM group manifested significantly shorter 3-year OS (58.14% vs 71.95%, P=0.034). However, the incidence of postoperative complications was no difference between two groups after matching. After stratification based on the pT stage of the tumor, statistically significant difference in the 3-year OS rates of the advance GC cohort between the two groups were observed.Conclusions: LSMM predicts a poor prognosis for patients with advance GC and it is not associated with postoperative complications.

Androgen Therapy in Male Patients Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Benefits and Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Mortaza F. Hassanabad ◽  
Mohammad Fatehi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Androgen Therapy ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current estimated numbers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is believed to be close to 10% of the whole populations of many geographical regions, causing serious concerns over the resulting elevated morbidity and mortality as well as the impact on health care systems around the world. In addition to negatively affecting the quality of life, diabetes is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, indicating that appropriate drug therapy should not only deal with metabolic dysfunction but also protect the vascular system, kidney function and skeletal muscle mass from the effects of the epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycaemia. Objective: To provide an insight into the management of hypogonadism associated with T2D, this review focuses on clinical observations related to androgen therapy in qualified diabetic patients, and discusses the lines of evidence for its benefits and risks. The potential interactions of testosterone with medicines used by patients with T2D will also be discussed. Conclusion: From recent clinical findings, it became evident that a considerable percentage of patients suffering from T2D manifested low serum testosterone and experienced diminished sexual activity, as well as reduced skeletal muscle mass and lower bone density. Although there are some controversies, Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) for this particular population of patients appears to be beneficial overall only if it is implemented carefully and monitored regularly.

scholarly journals Cancer-related fatigue: the impact of skeletal muscle mass and strength in patients with advanced cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Kilgour ◽  
Antonio Vigano ◽  
Barbara Trutschnigg ◽  
Laura Hornby ◽  
Enriqueta Lucar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The IMPACT study: early loss of skeletal muscle mass in advanced pancreatic cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Basile ◽  
Annamaria Parnofiello ◽  
Maria Grazia Vitale ◽  
Francesco Cortiula ◽  
Lorenzo Gerratana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Early Loss ◽  
The Impact

The impact of sarcopenia and decrease in skeletal muscle mass in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer during FOLFIRINOX therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Uemura ◽  
Takuji Iwashita ◽  
Hironao Ichikawa ◽  
Yuhei Iwasa ◽  
Naoki Mita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Sarcopenia, defined as decrease in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and strength, might be associated with reduced survival. We investigated the impact of sarcopenia and decrease in SMM in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer during FOLFIRINOX (FX) therapy. Consecutive sixty-nine patients who received FX were evaluated. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm2/m2) was used to evaluate SMM. The cut-off value of sarcopenia was defined as SMI <42 for males and <38 for females, based on the Asian Working Group for sarcopenia criteria. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in thirty-three (48 %) subjects. Comparison of baseline characteristics of the two groups (sarcopenia group: non-sarcopenia group) showed a significant difference in sex, tumour size and BMI. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events with grades 3–5 and progression-free survival (PFS) during FX between the two groups (PFS 8·1 and 8·8 months; P = 0·88). On the multivariate analysis, progressive disease at the first follow-up computed tomography (hazard ratio (HR) 3·87, 95 % CI 1·53, 9·67), decreased SMI ≥ 7·9 % in 2 months (HR 4·02, 95 % CI 1·87, 8·97) and carcinoembryonic antigen ≥ 4·6 (HR 2·52, 95 % CI 1·10, 6·11) were significant risk factors associated with poor overall survival (OS), but sarcopenia at diagnosis was not. OS in patients with decreased SMI of ≥7·9 % and <7·9 % were 10·9 and 21·0 months (P < 0·01), respectively. In conclusion, decrease in SMM within 2 months after the initiation of chemotherapy had significantly shorter OS, although sarcopenia at diagnosis did not affect OS. Therefore, it might be important to maintain SMM during chemotherapy for a better prognosis.

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