AN OVERVIEW OF VEHICLES LANE CHANGING MODEL DEVELOPMENT IN APPROACHING AT U-TURN FACILITY ROAD SEGMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemmang, Mohd Shafie ◽  
Raha Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Road User ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fast Lane

Accidents are in rising mode and became the main problem in all over the world, especially in Malaysia. Many reasons have contributed to an accident including the condition of the road, driver’s behavior and the environment of the road that may lead the drivers to make a lane changing. Lane changing is a process that experienced by all drivers such as in U-turn segment. In approaching U-turn segment, drivers need to make a decision whenever any disruption in front of them such as diverge vehicle because they have their own perspective and desire. However, the lane changing model in approaching U-turn road segment yet to develop. Therefore, this study will develop a model to determine the relationship between the reaction time (RT), speed (V) and distance from the behind vehicle to the front vehicle due to the changing lane at U-turn facility road segment. For that purpose, this study is focusing on the safe distance entry of a vehicle to the fast lane with the fast lane and slow lane vehicles before make a decision to change the lane in this U-turn facility. The data will be taken from the field and driving simulator. The equipment to be used to collect the field data is automatic traffic counting (ATC), controller area network-bus (CAN-bus), radar gun and video recording. The video recording will be used to simulate the driving simulator. Furthermore, driving simulator will be used to achieve the objective of the study. Regression analysis will be done for final model for estimating the safe distance entry of a vehicle to the fast lane with the fast lane and slow lane vehicles before making a decision to change the lane in this U-turn facility road segment to make sure that the model development is valid. Finally, the model can be used to estimate the safe distance for the road user to slow down their rate of speed while approaching the U-turn facility road segment and can be used to estimate the speed and safe distance in lane changing process. 

scholarly journals Developing a model to determine the number of vehicles lane changing on freeways by Brownian motion method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-460
Author(s):  
Shahriar Afandizadeh ◽  
Hamid Bigdeli Rad
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Data Pair ◽  
Brownian Motion Model ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Lane change maneuvers are essential on car trips. Drivers change lanes to follow the desired route to reach their destination or improve their driving condition or level of service. To change lanes, a driver must consider several factors that affect safety. Due to the lack of appropriate data and consequently the lack of appropriate models to determine the number of lane-changes on the road (as an influential factor in accidents), this study attempts to collect proper data in a new way. Thus, the Qazvin-Karaj freeway was selected as the case study. After installing the imaging cameras and performing the image processing, SPSS and Expert Design statistical software were used to model development. The Brownian motion model was also used to construct the driver change lane model. The results showed that logarithmic model number 2 reported a better coefficient of determination than other models with a value of 0.472. Then models 3 and 9 were ranked with R 2 of 0.451 and 0.442, respectively. Also, the Expert Design model with R 2 (0.786) could have a better fit. The value of the response variable (Nch + 0.52)0.74 was obtained three-dimensionally against the changes of distance from the front vehicle (Df ) and distance from the rear vehicle (Db ). Variable values of distance from the front car and distance from the rear vehicle have more effective values on the number of lane changes than left and right distance values. The observed and Brownian data had a slight mean difference (0.018), and also, the standard deviation was so small. Also, the correlation in this data pair is 0.912, which is a suitable value and indicates a slight difference between the outputs of the Brownian model and the observations.

Evaluating the Effects of In-Vehicle Side-View Display Layout Design on Physical Demands of Driving

2019 ◽  
pp. 001872081988478
Author(s):  
Donghyun Beck ◽  
Jaemoon Jung ◽  
Woojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Monitor System ◽  
Side View ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
The Road ◽  
Demand Reduction

Objective: A driving simulator study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the effects of three camera monitor system (CMS) display layouts and the traditional side-view mirror arrangement on the physical demands of driving. Background: Despite the possible benefits of CMS displays in reducing the physical demands of driving, little empirical evidence is available to substantiate these benefits. The effects of CMS display layout designs are not well understood. Method: The three CMS display layouts varied in the locations of the side-view displays: (A) inside the car near the conventional side-view mirrors, (B) on the dashboard at each side of the steering wheel, and (C) on the center fascia with the displays joined side by side. Twenty-two participants performed a safety-critical lane changing task with each design alternative. The dependent measures were the following: spread of eye movement, spread of head movement, and perceived physical demand. Results: Compared with the traditional mirror system, all three CMS display layouts showed a reduction in physical demands, albeit differing in the types/magnitudes of physical demand reduction. Conclusion: Well-designed CMS display layouts could significantly reduce the physical demands of driving. The physical demands were reduced by placing the CMS displays close to the position of the driver’s normal line-of-sight when looking at the road ahead and locating each CMS display on each side of the driver, that is, at locations compatible with the driver’s expectation. Application: Physical demand reductions by CMS displays would especially benefit drivers frequently checking the side-view mirrors with large eye/head movements and physically weak/impaired drivers.

scholarly journals Effects of Fog in a Brazilian Road Segment Analyzed by a Driving Simulator for Sustainable Transport: Drivers’ Visual Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9448
Author(s):  
Felipe Calsavara ◽  
Felipe Issa Kabbach Junior ◽  
Ana Paula C. Larocca
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Multiple Vehicles

Visibility is a critical factor for drivers to perceive roadway information, and fog is an inclement weather condition that directly impacts their vision, since it reduces both overall contrast and visibility of the driving scene. Visual attention has been considered a contributing factor to traffic crashes, and fog-related accidents are prone to be more severe and involve multiple vehicles. The literature lacks studies on the influence of fog on drivers’ visual performance and environment’s infrastructure design. This article investigates the effects of fog on drivers’ performance in a Brazilian curved road segment through a driving simulator experiment – more precisely, whether the presence of fog (foggy scenario) or its absence (clear scenario) significantly affects the visual profile. In the foggy scenario, the results showed the tracked area was concentrated in a smaller region, despite an increase in the number of fixations compared with the clear scenario. The fixation duration did not change between the scenarios and the pupil dilation was shorter in the foggy one. The study shows the influence of environmental conditions on the driver’s performance and is one of the first on the use of driving simulators with realistic representations of the road infrastructure and its surrounding for the understanding of driving under fog in the Brazilian scenario. Besides roadway geometry elements, driving simulator studies enable analyses of features related to the interaction between route environment and driver’s answer, and can improve safety in places with visibility problems caused by fog, reducing their environmental impact and preserving drivers’ lives.

Time Gap Evaluation due to the Existence of Heavy Vehicles on Urban Expressways

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Wardati Hashim ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
Masria Mustafa ◽  
Noor Azreena Kamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Road User ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Time Gap

Time gap is important for road user to make decision relative to the lad vehicle at a roadway segment. Theoretically, if the gap is larger than reaction time, drivers would maintain the safe following distance from the vehicle in front or else the probability of vehicle collusion is considerably high. In expressways, gap is important for the purpose of lane changing and overtaking. Due to high allowable speed on expressways, time gap might be affected, especially with the consideration of heavy vehicle existence. This paper attempts to statistically justify any significance correlation between speed and time gap in relative to critical gap acceptance pertaining to the heavy vehicles and cars interaction on urban expressways. Extensive data was collected through video recording before being abstracted and processed by utilizing the TRAIS software. Then, statistical analysis in relative to the speed and time gap for various vehicles interactions are presented. The results showed there is a significant correlation between speed and time gap for all vehicles interaction. When cars following other cars at allowable average speed, the time gap is relatively low leading to a lower critical gap acceptance as compared to the situation with the existence of heavy vehicles.

Measuring Driver’s Percent-Time-Spent-Following Using a Moving Video Recording Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na’iya Ibrahim Muttaka ◽  
Othman Bin Chepuan
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
The Road ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Percent Time Spent Following

The percent time spent following (PTSF) or proportion of following time (PFT) relative to total travel time taken by vehicles to traverse a particular segment of two-lane highways has been used as key performance index for evaluating the level-of-service of the road. From the context of travel time, this implies that PTSF is a space related indicator and thus supposed to be measured over a road segment. However, this indicator is measured in the field based on specific point observation; as equivalent to the percent of vehicles traveling with time headways shorter than 3 s. The accuracy of PTSF estimates based on this approach has been questioned and criticized by many; as spot measured values may not to be real representative of segment estimates. This paper presents an exploration into the application of moving video recording technique for PTSF measurement. PTSF was estimated based on test vehicle following time on two-lane highways using moving car observer method as an alternative approach for field measurement of the indicator along road segment as opposed the existing practice of spot measurement and assumed representative of long segment. Findings from this work demonstrate that the approach used in this study is promising for field measurement of PTSF; as estimates obtained relate well with the major vehicle’s following cause factors.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Insertion Angle of Lane-Changing Vehicles in Nearly Saturated Fast Road Segments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Quantao Yang ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Jingsheng Wang ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Lijie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Target Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Insertion Angle ◽  
Transverse Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Vehicle lane changing in a nearly saturated fast road segment tends to increase the probability of traffic accidents in the road segment and reduce the speed of the rear vehicles in the target lane. To better analyze the relationship between the target vehicle and the front and rear vehicles in the target lane, this study focuses on the insertion angle of the target vehicle as the research object. Moreover, this study considers influencing factors, such as the longitudinal distance, transverse distance, and speed of the front and rear vehicles in the target lane. This study also adopts aerial photography to capture the flow of the main road of the Xi’an South Second Ring Road, Chang’an University segment. Information regarding the vehicle captured on video, including the speed, insertion angle, and coordinates, is extracted using the software Tracker. The coordinates correlation and speed correlation are analyzed using the software SPSS 2.0. K-means cluster analysis is applied to cluster the insertion angle of the target vehicle, and the insertion speed of the target vehicle. Of the total samples, 89.47% were inserted into the target lane at around 23° or below. The PC-Crash software was used to verify that the collision consequences gradually increased with the increase in collision angle. Therefore, when the insertion angle of the vehicle changes to lower than 23°, the overall road traffic condition is optimal, and no large losses are incurred.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6361
Author(s):  
Manh Dung Vu ◽  
Hirofumi Aoki ◽  
Tatsuya Suzuki ◽  
Sueharu Nagiri ◽  
Quy Hung Nguyen Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road User ◽  
Initial Speed ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

This paper discusses driving styles while overtaking a vulnerable road user who moves along the shoulder in urban roads. Based on the data obtained from an experiment in pre-defined conditions (combinations of four main effects: vehicle’s initial speed, lane width of the road, vulnerable road users’ type, and location in the shoulder) with an immersive driving simulator, we analyzed four different driving styles of drivers while approaching and passing the objects. It is shown that drivers took avoidance maneuvers even if there was no clear risk of collision to vulnerable road users. The results showed that the drivers tended to have a unique perception about the lateral passing gap and overtaking strategy with two worth notice groups: overcaution drivers and reckless drivers. The road characteristic has a statistically significant effect for all types of drivers. Moreover, the effect of the vehicle’s initial speed on overtaking strategy and the effect of vulnerable road user location on minimum lateral passing gap are statistically significant. The findings provide some implications for the development of automotive safety systems that can reduce the risk of overtaking maneuvers in urban areas.

Improved AEB algorithm combined with estimating the adhesion coefficient of road ahead and considering the performance of EHB

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110261
Author(s):  
Dequan Zeng ◽  
Zhuoping Yu ◽  
Lu Xiong ◽  
Junqiao Zhao ◽  
Peizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Probability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Multiple Beams ◽  
Maximum Method

This paper proposes an improved autonomous emergency braking (AEB) algorithm intended for intelligent vehicle. Featuring a combination with the estimation of road adhesion coefficient, the proposed approach takes into account the performance of electronic hydraulic brake. In order for the accurate yet fast estimate of road ahead adhesion coefficient, the expectation maximization framework is applied depending on the reflectivity of ground extracted by multiple beams lidar in four major steps, which are the rough extraction of ground points based on 3 σ criterion, the accurate extraction of ground points through principal component analysis (PCA), the main distribution characteristics of ground as extracted using the expectation maximum method (EM) and the estimation of road adhesion coefficient via joint probability. In order to describe the performance of EHB, the response characteristics, as well as the forward and adverse models of both braking pressure and acceleration are obtained. Then, with two typical roads including single homogeneous road and fragment pavement, the safe distance of improved AEB is modeled. To validate the algorithm developed in this paper, various tests have been conducted. According to the test results, the reflectivity of laser point cloud is effective in estimating the road adhesion coefficient. Moreover, considering the performance of EHB system, the improved AEB algorithm is deemed more consistent with the practicalities.

scholarly journals A Game Theory-Based Approach for Modeling Autonomous Vehicle Behavior in Congested, Urban Lane-Changing Scenarios

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Nikita Smirnov ◽  
Yuzhou Liu ◽  
Aso Validi ◽  
Walter Morales-Alvarez ◽  
Cristina Olaverri-Monreal
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
Lane Changing

Autonomous vehicles are expected to display human-like behavior, at least to the extent that their decisions can be intuitively understood by other road users. If this is not the case, the coexistence of manual and autonomous vehicles in a mixed environment might affect road user interactions negatively and might jeopardize road safety. To this end, it is highly important to design algorithms that are capable of analyzing human decision-making processes and of reproducing them. In this context, lane-change maneuvers have been studied extensively. However, not all potential scenarios have been considered, since most works have focused on highway rather than urban scenarios. We contribute to the field of research by investigating a particular urban traffic scenario in which an autonomous vehicle needs to determine the level of cooperation of the vehicles in the adjacent lane in order to proceed with a lane change. To this end, we present a game theory-based decision-making model for lane changing in congested urban intersections. The model takes as input driving-related parameters related to vehicles in the intersection before they come to a complete stop. We validated the model by relying on the Co-AutoSim simulator. We compared the prediction model outcomes with actual participant decisions, i.e., whether they allowed the autonomous vehicle to drive in front of them. The results are promising, with the prediction accuracy being 100% in all of the cases in which the participants allowed the lane change and 83.3% in the other cases. The false predictions were due to delays in resuming driving after the traffic light turned green.

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