THE IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY IMPERATIVES TO ACHIEVE COST EFFECTIVE BUILDING MAINTENANCE: A DELPHI STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubashini Ganisen ◽  
Izran Sarrazin Mohammad ◽  
L. Jawahar Nesan ◽  
Abdul Hakim Mohammed ◽  
Gunavathy Kanniyapan
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Design For Maintainability

Incorporating maintainability during the building design is essential to increase overall performance of the building including quality and cost as; the management and operation process of facilities can have a significant impact on cost, health and safety, energy and quality. As a result, a more effective and efficient building facility will be turned over during the post occupancy stage. Literature review reveals that there is a need to implement maintainability during the building design phase; mainly due to the increasing life-cycle cost of the building facilities. A critical review of the literature has been carried out to explore the consideration of maintainability during the building design and subsequently identifies a set of criteria and indicators to be applied during the building design phase to achieve cost effective building maintenance. Thus, this paper opted a four-round Delphi questionnaire survey to identify the relevant design for maintainability criteria and indicators to achieve cost effective building maintenance. 8 designs for maintainability criteria along with the indicators for each of the criterion have been identified. These design for maintainability indicators help the building architects to incorporate maintainability practice during the building design phase and thus help to achieve cost effective maintenance. This paper aims to address the long pending quest of incorporating maintainability during the building design phase and consequently achieve cost effective building maintenance.

FACILITY MANAGEMENT VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDING FACILITIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubashini Ganisen ◽  
L. Jawahar Nesan ◽  
Izran Sarrazin Mohammad ◽  
Abdul Hakim Mohammed ◽  
Gunavathy Kanniyapan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Turn Over

Incorporating facility management (FM) knowledge in the building design is essential to increase overall performance of building including quality and cost as; the management and operation process of facilities can have a significant impact on energy, cost, health and safety, and quality. As a result, a more efficient and sustainable facility will be turn over during the post occupancy stage. Thus, this paper explores the consideration of FM during design stage and its influence on achieving sustainability of building facilities in post occupancy phase, and subsequently identifies a set of criteria to evaluate the potential of FM to achieve sustainability of building facilities. A critical review of the literature has been carried out for the purpose of identifying the said variables. Literature review reveals that there is a need to review FM potential of the design during the design phase; mainly due to increased life cycle cost, environmental impact, impact on health and safety and quality of the building facilities during the service life. This paper aims to address the long pending quest of poor awareness of the FM function among the designers and forms the basis for achieving FM sustainability of building facilities. 

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

Price structures for electricity supply and potential consequences for building services systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442199081
Author(s):  
Roger Hitchin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Price Structure ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Future System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Effective Design

Policies to reduce carbon emissions are leading to substantial changes in the demand for electricity and to the structure of electricity supply systems, which will alter the cost structure of electricity supply. This can be expected to result in corresponding changes to the price structure faced by customers. This note is an initial exploration of how possible new price structures may impact on HVAC system and building design and use. Changes in the price structure of electricity supply (separately from changes in price levels) can significantly affect the cost-effective design and operation of building services systems; especially of heating and cooling systems. The nature and implications of these changes can have important implications for future system design and operation.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ventilation Strategies for a Medium-Sized Space with Regional Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Ming-Lun Alan Fong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Set Up

The analysis of ventilation strategies is fundamentally affected by regional climate conditions and local cost databases, in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost-effective analysis. A systematic approach is covered in this paper to estimate a local economic and environmental impact on a medium-sized space located in two regions during supply-and-installation and operation phases. Three ventilation strategies, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV) and stratum ventilation (SV) were applied to medium-sized air-conditioned space with this approach. The trend of the results for three ventilation systems in the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is SV < DV < MV. The result of CO2 emission and regional LCC shows that SV is the lowest one in both regional studies. In comparison with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during 20 Service years, the case analysis demonstrates that the percentage differences in LCC analysis of MV, DV & SV in Guangdong are less than 20.5%, 19.4% and 18.82% respectively. Their CO2 emission of MV, DV and SV in Guangdong are more than HKSAR in 10.69%, 11.22% and 12.05%, respectively. The present study could provide information about regional effects in the LCA and LCC analysis of three ventilation strategies emissions, and thereby help set up models for decision-making on high efficiency and cost-effective ventilation strategy plans.

Two-step demineralization of shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) shells using citric acid: An environmentally friendly, safe and cost-effective alternative to the traditional approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pohling ◽  
Deepika Dave ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Wade Murphy ◽  
Sheila Trenholm
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Pandalus Borealis ◽  
Chitin Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Removal of minerals from crustacean shells during chitin extraction is traditionally achieved using hydrochloric acid. However, the environmental, health and safety concerns of hydrochloric acid have led to investigation of...

Assessment On Transit Oriented Development Pondok Cina According to GBCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Ria Ayu Rahmawati ◽  
R. Agus Murdiyoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Use Categories

TOD is designed for public transport passengers and pedestrians to provide comfort and safety in creating a healthy lifestyle. Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) is needed as a reference and assessment to optimize building design. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of the green building concept applied, calculate the met and unmet Greenship criteria, also measure the GBCI Greenship predicate obtained. The data collection method used is project data and data analysis with the index scale method on Greenship New Building version 1.2. The results showed that in Appropriate Land Use categories credit are 11 points of 17 maximum points with percentage 64,71%, the Efficiency and Energy Conservation categories credit is 1 point of 26 maximum points with percentage 3,85%, the Water Conservation categories credit are 9 points of 21 maximum points with percentage 42,86%, the Source and Material Cycle categories credit are 2 points of 2 maximum points with percentage 100%, the Health and Safety Space categories credit are 4 points of 5 maximum points with percentage 80%, and the Building Environmental Management categories credit are 4 points of 6 maximum points with percentage 66,67%. The final results of TOD Pondok Cina Project are 31 points of 77 maximum points with percentage 40,26% which categorized as Building with Bronze predicate.

Building back smarter—part one: the case for more modular facilities in the NHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isobel Clough
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

The NHS is facing an unprecedented backlog in both patient care and building maintenance, with severe implications for service delivery, finance and population wellbeing. This article is the first in a series discussing modular healthcare facilities as a potential solution to these issues, providing flexible and cost-effective spaces to allow services to increase capacity without sacrificing care quality. The first of three instalments, this paper will outline the problems facing the NHS estate, many of which have been exacerbated to critical levels by the COVID-19 pandemic, and what this means for service delivery. It will then make the case for modular infrastructure, outlining the potential benefits for healthcare services, staff and patients alike. Using modern methods of construction, this approach to creating physical space in healthcare can provide greater flexibility and a reduced impact on the environment. The next two articles in this series will go on to provide detailed case studies of successful modular implementation in NHS trusts, an analysis of the cost implications and guidance on the commissioning process and building a business case.

Sustainable and environmentally friendly zinc coatings for protecting steel bridges in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. van Leeuwen ◽  
P. M. Gangé ◽  
B. Duran ◽  
F. Prenger
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Metallic Zinc ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Paint Systems ◽  
Zinc Coatings

<p>Metallic zinc coatings are well established as cost-effective corrosion protection for steel bridges. The zinc coating acts first as barrier protection, isolating the base steel from corrosive elements, and secondly by cathodic protection, acting as a sacrificial anode to protect the steel should the coating be compromised. Bridge operators can be confronted by disproportional high maintenance costs for bridges in use as removal of (in)organic paint systems with hazardous and toxic compounds require expensive waste disposal and environmental protection measures. Metallic zinc coatings are recognized as environmentally friendly, sustainable, and low maintenance, providing the lowest life cycle cost corrosion protection. Various case studies with bridges protected with metallic zinc coatings in and outside Europe are illustrated.</p>

Case Studies Highlighting Rapid Repair Methods of Pressurised Pipelines Damaged by Anchors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Millward
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Pipeline Design

Effective pipeline design and regular maintenance can assist in prolonging the lifespan of subsea pipelines, however the presence of marine vessels can significantly increase the risk of pipeline damage from anchor hazards. As noted in the Health and Safety Executive – Guideline for Pipeline Operators on Pipeline Anchor Hazards 2009. “Anchor hazards can pose a significant threat to pipeline integrity. The consequences of damage to a pipeline could include loss of life, injury, fire, explosion, loss of buoyancy around a vessel and major pollution”. This paper will describe state of the art pipeline isolation tooling that enables safe modification of pressurised subsea pipelines. Double Block and Bleed (DBB) isolation tools have been utilised to greatly reduce downtime, increase safety and maximise unplanned maintenance, providing cost-effective solutions to the end user. High integrity isolation methods, in compliance with international subsea system intervention and isolation guidelines (IMCA D 044 / IMCA D 006), that enable piggable and unpiggable pipeline systems to be isolated before any breaking of containment, will also be explained. This paper will discuss subsea pipeline damage scenarios and repair options available to ensure a safe isolation of the pipeline and contents in the event of an incident DNV GL type approved isolation technology enables the installation of a fail-safe, DBB isolation in the event of a midline defect. The paper will conclude with case studies highlighting challenging subsea pipeline repair scenarios successfully executed, without depressurising the entire pipeline system, and in some cases without shutting down or interrupting production.

scholarly journals Reducing Assaults Against Staff Using Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) in Railway Stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barak Ariel ◽  
Mark Newton ◽  
Lorna McEwan ◽  
Garry A. Ashbridge ◽  
Cristobal Weinborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Diffusion Of Benefits ◽  
And Control ◽  
Official Records

Workplace violence is a major health and safety phenomenon. We investigate whether body-worn cameras (BWCs) can achieve a cost-effective reduction of assaults. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with train stations exposed to the highest recorded assault rates against staff in England and Wales. Treatment members of staff were equipped with BWCs and control staff were unexposed to BWCs. Official records of assaults against treatment and control staff as well as against any employee at the station complexes are used as outcome measures. Results suggest 47% significant overall reduction in the odds of assaults against BWCs-equipped staff at treatment versus controls locations—or approximately two versus four assaults, on average, per station. In addition, we found a 26% significant reduction in assaults against all employees in the treatment versus control station complexes—9 versus 12 assaults, on average, per station—suggesting that BWCs have a spatial diffusion of benefits effects. We estimate that BWCs can reduce at least 3,000 working days per year lost because of physical violence at work. We conclude that BWCs provide substantial benefits for staff health and safety to those who are equipped with the devices as well as to staff in the vicinity of BWC-equipped employees.

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