MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SELF-HEALING MECHANISM OF EPOXY MORTAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farhayu Ariffin ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam ◽  
Han Seung Lee ◽  
Nur Hafizah A. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion ◽  
Healing Agent

Crack deformation in concrete start with hairline crack or micro-crack which can lead to major crack if not prevented. Crack can cause a major deterioration to the structure as liquid can penetrate inside and cause damage as a result; the durability of concrete will decrease. Self-healing concrete was introduced to automatically repair hairline crack or micro-crack without external intervention. Previous study had shown that by introducing bacteria into the concrete, the crack will heal itself. This paper presents the study on self-healing mortar by using epoxy resin without hardener as a self-healing agent. The self-healing process was evaluated using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity measurements up to 180 days. Mortar specimens were prepared with mass ratio of 1:3 (cement: fine aggregate), water-cement ratio of 0.48 and 10% epoxy resin of cement content. All tested specimens were subjected to wet-dry curing; where compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile splitting strength and self-healing mechanism were measured. The results obtained shows that, all strength properties of the self-healing epoxy mortar were significantly higher than the control sample and became constant at 10 % of epoxy resin content. Based on the pulse velocity measurements, after 60 days the cracks of the mortar healed automatically as a result of the reaction between the unhardened epoxy resin and hydroxyl ion from cement hydrate. This shows the ability of the epoxy to be used as self-healing agent. 

scholarly journals Biological Self-Healing of Cement Paste and Mortar by Non-Ureolytic Bacteria Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogel Capsules

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fahimizadeh ◽  
Ayesha Diane Abeyratne ◽  
Lee Sui Mae ◽  
R. K. Raman Singh ◽  
Pooria Pasbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
The Right

Crack formation in concrete is one of the main reasons for concrete degradation. Calcium alginate capsules containing biological self-healing agents for cementitious materials were studied for the self-healing of cement paste and mortars through in vitro characterizations such as healing agent survivability and retention, material stability, and biomineralization, followed by in situ self-healing observation in pre-cracked cement paste and mortar specimens. Our results showed that bacterial spores fully survived the encapsulation process and would not leach out during cement mixing. Encapsulated bacteria precipitated CaCO3 when exposed to water, oxygen, and calcium under alkaline conditions by releasing CO32− ions into the cement environment. Capsule rupture is not required for the initiation of the healing process, but exposure to the right conditions are. After 56 days of wet–dry cycles, the capsules resulted in flexural strength regain as high as 39.6% for the cement mortar and 32.5% for the cement paste specimens. Full crack closure was observed at 28 days for cement mortars with the healing agents. The self-healing system acted as a biological CO32− pump that can keep the bio-agents retained, protected, and active for up to 56 days of wet-dry incubation. This promising self-healing strategy requires further research and optimization.

Spatial resolution comparison of AC-SECM with SECM and their characterization of self-healing performance of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer microcapsule coatings

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 5599-5607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Likun Xu ◽  
Huyuan Sun ◽  
Xiangbo Li ◽  
Shouhuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Functional Additives

ACSECM monitored the self-healing process of scratched epoxy resin coatings with hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer microcapsules as functional additives.

Self-Healing Mortar

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Initial Reading

The cost of repairing cracked concrete is expensive as it requires special repair materials and skilled labour. Thus, the developments of new materials, like self-healing materials, are highly needed to repair cracks automatically and to restore or even increase concretes' strength to prolong its service life. The aim of this chapter was to investigate the performance of epoxy resin without hardener as a self-healing agent in mortar. A detailed introduction of self-healing mortar is given followed by a problem statement. The epoxy resin as a self-healing material is also explained briefly. Self-healing concept is also discussed in detail followed by the experimental program. Results revealed that the epoxy resin without hardener as a healing agent performed effectively as the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of 365 days old cracked mortar samples regained the initial reading with prolonged curing time.

scholarly journals Self-Repairing Composites for Corrosion Protection: A Review on Recent Strategies and Evaluation Methods

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
P ◽  
Al-Maadeed
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Metal Substrates ◽  
Healing Agent

The use of self-healing coatings to protect metal substrates, such as aluminum alloys, stainless steel, carbon steel, and Mg alloys from corrosion is an important aspect for protecting metals and for the economy. During the past decade, extensive transformations on self-healing strategies were introduced in protective coatings, including the use of green components. Scientists used extracts of henna leaves, aloe vera, tobacco, etc. as corrosion inhibitors, and cellulose nanofibers, hallyosite nanotubes, etc. as healing agent containers. This review gives a concise description on the need for self-healing protective coatings for metal parts, the latest extrinsic self-healing strategies, and the techniques used to follow-up the self-healing process to control the corrosion of metal substrates. Common techniques, such as accelerated salt immersion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), for evaluating the self-healing process in protective coatings are explained. We also show recent advancements procedures, such as scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), as successful techniques in evaluating the self-healing process in protective coatings.

scholarly journals Performance of Epoxy Resin Polymer as Self-Healing Cementitious Materials Agent in Mortar

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasan Fahim Huseien ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam ◽  
Iman Faridmehr ◽  
Mohammad Hajmohammadian Baghban
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Dry Conditions

This research investigated the application of epoxy resin polymer as a self-healing strategy for improving the mechanical and durability properties of cement-based mortar. The epoxy resin was added to the concrete mix at various levels (5, 10, 15, and 20% of cement weight), and the effectiveness of healing was evaluated by microstructural analysis, compressive strength, and non-destructive (ultrasonic pulse velocity) tests. Dry and wet-dry conditions were considered for curing, and for generating artificial cracks, specimens at different curing ages (1 and 6 months) were subjected to compressive testing (50 and 80% of specimen’s ultimate compressive strength). The results indicated that the mechanical properties in the specimen prepared by 10% epoxy resin and cured under wet-dry conditions was higher compared to other specimens. The degree of damage and healing efficiency index of this particular mix design were significantly affected by the healing duration and cracking age. An optimized artificial neural network (ANN) combined with a firefly algorithm was developed to estimate these indexes over the self-healing process. Overall, it was concluded that the epoxy resin polymer has high potential as a mechanical properties self-healing agent in cement-based mortar.

PERFORMANCE OF EPOXY RESIN AS SELF-HEALING AGENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam ◽  
Nur Farhayu Ariffin ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Han Seung Lee ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Initial Reading ◽  
External Intervention

Formation of cracks due to the shrinkage effects during curing and mechanical loading can deteriorate the concrete performance especially in terms of durability aspect. Chemical and harsh solutions will easily penetrate into the concrete and cause damage to the concrete. In order to solve this problem, researchers have introduced a self-healing concrete; the mechanism of automatically repairing concrete cracks without external intervention. Nowadays, the self-healing concrete by using bacteria as a healing agent had gained interest among researchers. In contrast, this paper presents the study on performance of epoxy resin without hardener as a self-healing agent in concrete. Mortar specimens were prepared with mass ratio of 1:3 (cement: fine aggregates), water-cement ratio of 0.48 and 5 to 20% epoxy resin of cement content. All tested specimens were subjected to wet-dry curing; where compressive strength, apparent porosity and self-healing evaluation were measured. Result shows that, the compressive strength of mortar with addition of epoxy resin by 10% increased significantly compared to normal mortar. Epoxy resin as a healing agent was found to be functioned well as the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity regain the initial reading with prolonged curing time. These results together with microstructure test indicate that epoxy resin can be used as a self-healing agent.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Self-healing of Concrete from the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Camara ◽  
Mayara Wons ◽  
Ian Esteves ◽  
Ronaldo Medeiros-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Rate Characteristic

Concrete has the ability to naturally heal its cracks, in a process called self-healing. This article aimed to analyze the self-healing of concretes, evaluating the influence of fly ash and the age of occurrence of cracks. Concrete specimens were submitted to cracking at 7 and 28 days. Subsequently, the samples were exposed to 12 wetting and drying cycles in order to favor the self-healing process. The phenomenon was evaluated through the ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, performed weekly on the specimens from the molding stage until the end of all cycles. The concretes showed a decrease in ultrasonic pulse velocity at the time they were cracked. This is due to the greater difficulty in the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the voids formed during cracking. This drop was higher for concrete with fly ash. Also, the results show that the fly ash concretes presented a more expressive self-healing process when cracked at 28 days, which may be related to the presence of pozzolanic reactions and the presence of more anhydrous particles. The concretes without fly ash had self-healing when they were cracked at 7 days. This is explained by the high hydration rate characteristic of ordinary Portland cement.

scholarly journals Application of GGBFS and Bentonite to Auto-Healing Cracks of Cement Paste

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Ekaputri ◽  
M S Anam ◽  
Y Luan ◽  
C Fujiyama ◽  
N Chijiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Surface Crack ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
The Self ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Cracks are caused by many factors. Shrinkage and external loading are the most common reason. It becomes a problem when the ingression of aggressive and harmful substance penetrates to the concrete gap. This problem reduces the durability of the structures. It is well known that self – healing of cracks significantly improves the durability of the concrete structure. This paper presents self-healing cracks of cement paste containing bentonite associated with ground granulated blast furnace slag. The self-healing properties were evaluated with four parameters: crack width on the surface, crack depth, tensile strength recovery, and flexural recovery. In combination with microscopic observation, a healing process over time is also performed. The results show that bentonite improves the healing properties, in terms of surface crack width and crack depth. On the other hand, GGBFS could also improve the healing process, in terms of crack depth, direst tensile recovery, and flexural stiffness recovery. Carbonation reaction is believed as the main mechanism, which contributes the self-healing process as well as the continuous hydration progress.

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