STEERABLE ARRAY ANTENNA USING A 2 × 2 BUTLER MATRIX FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Ifeoma Orakwue ◽  
Razali Ngah ◽  
Tharek A. Rahman ◽  
B. M. Sa’ad ◽  
Mohsen Khalily
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Beam Scanning ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Fifth Generation

This paper presents the design of a beam steerable array antenna based on branch line coupler (BLC) at 28 GHz frequency band for fifth generation (5G) wireless applications.  The array is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate material of 0.254 mm thickness and dielectric constant of 2.2. The designed antenna has six elements array and is fed by a BLC which serves as a beamformer to obtain the beam scanning ranging from -16 to +16 degrees. The maximum gain of 14.5 dBi and a wideband that cover from 25.2 GHz to 32 GHz was obtained by measurement. The proposed antenna is applicable to 28 GHz frequency band proposed for 5G wireless communications. All simulated and measured results are clearly presented.

scholarly journals Design of Compact BranchlineBalun

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indhumathi J ◽  
Maheswari S
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Phase Differences

This paper present the compact branch line balun to operate at the frequency range of 2.4GHz. The compact branchlinebalun is designed using the substrate material with the dielectric constant of FR4 material. The proposed balun is designed using different transmission lines. Thus the balun should achieves -3dB power division and 1800 phase differences between the outputs. The main objective of this design focuses on size reduction. To reduce the size, A balun is realized using the equivalent T-shape structure. After the reduction techniques the implemented size of the balun is 29.41x44.32 mm2 achieves 35% of size reduction. Thus the measured S11 are -23 dB and the S21,S31 remains -3dB and provide 1790 phase difference between the outputs at the frequency of 2.4GHz.

scholarly journals 5G planar branch line coupler design based on the analysis of dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor at high frequency

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Azimah Mohd Shukor ◽  
Norhudah Seman
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Bandwidth Enhancement ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Quality Factor Q

Abstract This study focuses on the effect of different dielectric properties in the design of 3-dB planar branch line coupler (BLC) using RT5880, RO4350, TMM4 and RT6010, particularly at high frequency of 26 GHz, the fifth generation (5G) operating frequency. The analysis conducted in this study is based on the dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor (Q-factor) associated with the dielectric properties of the substrate materials. Accordingly, the substrate that displayed the best performance for high frequency application had the lowest dielectric constant, lowest loss tangent and highest Q-factor (i.e., RT5880), and it was chosen to enhance our proposed 3-dB BLC. This enhanced 3-dB BLC was designed with the inclusion of microstrip-slot stub impedance at each port for bandwidth enhancement, and the proposed prototype had dimensions of 29.9 mm × 19.9 mm. The design and analysis of the proposed 3-dB BLC were accomplished by employing CST Microwave Studio. The performance of scattering parameters and the phase difference of the proposed BLC were then assessed and verified through laboratory measurement.

scholarly journals Inset-fed Multiband Square Patch Antenna on Flexible substrate for Fifth-Generation Wireless Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Sujata S. K. ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Research Analysis

Purpose: Over a decade, the antenna has sparked considerable interest in the 5G frequency band in the wireless domain (covering industrial applications, home automation and mobile communication) because of its numerous advantages like compact, conformal to surfaces, easily integrated with the devices, etc. In general, an Antenna can be defined as a conductor which is exposed to space operable for a specific application. The purpose of the study is to design the Slotted patch antenna for 5G applications on a flexible dielectric substrate material which makes the antenna compact in its design aspect. Design/Methodology/Approach: Initially, the antenna design is carried out using the theoretical framework based on the available equations. The microwave studio software - Computer Simulation Technology (CST) is used to create and model the different antennas. Findings/Result: Based on the simulated models, the slotted patch antenna design 5 has 2 bands namely: 3.25 GHz, the return loss is -17.47 dB, and 5.89GHz, the return loss is -21.37dB. Whereas design 6 has 4 resonant bands measured at 2.04 GHz, the return loss (RL) is -11.68 dB, at 5.80GHz, the RL is -22.36 dB, at 7.14 GHz, the RL is -28.71 dB and at 8.83 GHz, the RL is -13.36 dB. The maximum bandwidth achieved for slotted patch antenna design 5 is 5% and the maximum bandwidth achieved for slotted patch antenna design 6 is 8%. Whereas the design of Multi slotted patch antenna flexible substrate design 7 and design 8 has the maximum achieved bandwidth of 10 %. Originality/Value: The design of slotted patch and multi slotted patch antenna using inset feed method on a flexible substrate for 5G frequency band. Paper Type: Design based Research Analysis.

scholarly journals Bio-degradable material realization for antenna fabrication in wireless communications

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 01035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanakorn Homsai ◽  
Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich ◽  
Wipoo Sriseubsai
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Microwave Device ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Operating Frequency Band ◽  
Is Design

The biodegradable PBS material is presented to be applied for microwave device design (antenna). The PBS is forming by using compression molding. The PBS thickness is 1 mm with the flexible characteristic. In this paper, the antenna design for the operating frequency band of 2400-2500 MHz is design using the bio-degradable material with the dielectric constant of 3.2. The prototype was fabricated. The characteristics of the proposed device were presented. The effected of the curved antenna and substrate are described in this work.

Microstructural characterization of YBaCuO Films on LaAlO3 substrates

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
E. L. Hall ◽  
A. Mogro-Campero ◽  
N. Lewis ◽  
L. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Film Plane ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Amorphous Substrates ◽  
High Dielectric

There have been a large number of recent studies of the growth of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films, and these studies have employed a variety of substrates and growth techniques. To date, the highest values of Tc and Jc have been found for films grown by sputtering or coevaporation on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates, which produces a uniaxially-aligned film with the YBa2Cu3Ox c-axis normal to the film plane. Multilayer growth of films on the same substrate produces a triaxially-aligned film (regions of the film have their c-axis parallel to each of the three substrate <100> directions) with lower values of Jc. Growth of films on a variety of other polycrystalline or amorphous substrates produces randomly-oriented polycrystalline films with low Jc. Although single-crystal SrTiO3 thus produces the best results, this substrate material has a number of undesireable characteristics relative to electronic applications, including very high dielectric constant and a high loss tangent at microwave frequencies. Recently, Simon et al. have shown that LaAlO3 could be used as a substrate for YBaCuO film growth. This substrate is essentially a cubic perovskite with a lattice parameter of 0.3792nm (it has a slight rhombohedral distortion at room temperature) and this material exhibits much lower dielectric constant and microwave loss tangents than SrTiO3. It is also interesting from a film growth standpoint since it has a slightly smaller lattice parameter than YBa2Cu3Ox (a=0.382nm, b=c/3=0.389nm), while SrTiO3 is slightly larger (a=0.3905nm).

A Novel Dual-Band Branch Line Coupler for Dual-Band Butler Matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1987-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijaz M. Zaidi ◽  
Binod K. Kanaujia ◽  
Mirza Tariq Beg ◽  
Jugul Kishor ◽  
Karumudi Rambabu
Keyword(s):  
Dual Band ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
Butler Matrix
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