A STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL OF RIVERBANK FILTRATION FOR THE REMOVAL OF COLOR, IRON, TURBIDITY AND E.COLI IN SUNGAI PERAK, KOTA LAMA KIRI, KUALA KANGSAR, PERAK, MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zahirah Othman ◽  
Mohd Nordin Adlan ◽  
Mohamad Razip Selamat
Keyword(s):  
Pumping Test ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
P Value ◽  
K Value ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Sieve Analyses ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity

Riverbank filtration technology in securing water resource is still new to some developing countries such as Malaysia. This research has been carried out at Kota Lama Kiri in the Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia to study the removal on the turbidity, iron, color, and E.coli by riverbank filtration. Characteristics of soil samples from pumping well (PW) was investigated. The soil samples were collected during the development and construction process of the PW. The water quality analyses were performed on site during the pumping test program. The soil samples collected were transported to the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia where sieve analyses and permeability test were performed with reference to BS 1377: Part 2:1990. Results of sieve analyses shows that the value of Cu (coefficient of uniformity) for the PW was found to be within the range of 2.40 to 3.75 mm while the value of Cc (coefficient of gradation) lies in the range of 0.06-0.35 mm. The ANOVA One Way Test for soil strata of the PW was performed using MINITAB statistical packages and the results indicate that the p-value was 0.996. It was found that there were no significance differences between the mean size of soil samples from different depths within the PW. The hydraulic conductivity, k value for PW ranges between 0.10-5.65 cm/s. Removal of turbidity, color, iron, and E.coli were 98.78%, 73.56%, and 87.93%, respectively. In this study, the highest removal efficiency of E.coli was found to be 100%.The overall well production from the pumping test was found 112.10 m3/hr.

A Study on the Characteristic and Properties of Riverbank Soil Samples as RBF Natural Materials from Sungai Perak, Kota Lama Kiri, Kuala Kangsar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Nordin Adlan ◽  
Mohamad Razip Selamat ◽  
Siti Zahirah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
P Value ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Sieve Analyses ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
The One

For a developing country such as Malaysia, riverbank/bed filtration (RBF) technology is still new and only few efforts have been made to understand the RBF mechanism and processes. Soil characteristics play important roles in determining the water quality and the ability of water to be abstracted from the wells during RBF process. A research has been carried out to identify the characteristic of riverbank soil at different layers in the pumping well (PW) borehole at Kota Lama Kiri, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia. Soil samples were collected during the development of PW for RBF application. The maximum depth of PW was 8.50 metre. The soil samples were transported to Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia and the properties were determined by a series of laboratory test. Soil particle size distribution (PSD) and hydraulic conductivity were obtained from sieve analyses and constant head test with reference to BS 1377: Part 1-9;2:1990. Laboratory results show that the value of Cu(coefficient of uniformity) for the soil samples within the borehole of PW was found to be within the range of 2.00 to 10.00 while the value of Cc(coefficient of gradation) lies in the ranges of 0.06-1.19. The One Way Analyses of Variance test was performed using Minitab statistical packages and the results indicate that the p-value was 0.996, where there was no significance difference between the mean sizes of soil samples within the PW. The hydraulic conductivity, k for PW ranges between 0.10-0.91 cm/s. Soil samples from depth 6.00-7.00 metres has the highest hydraulic conductivity, which is 0.91 cm/s. The overall well production from the pumping test was found 112.10 m3/hr.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Matter Application on Phosphorus Status in the Calcareous Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Constituents

A field experiment is conducted to study the effect of different levels of peat (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Mg ha-1 to uncropped and cropped soil to wheat. Soil samples are taken in different period of time (0, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after cultivation to determine (NaHCO3-Exteractable P at 3 different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Field Experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety, is cultivated as a testing crop. The entire field is equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions is cultivated to wheat and the second is left uncropped. The effect of five levels of peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1 is investigated. Soils are fully analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples are collected after 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days for determining essential parameters and indicators that reflect the effect of the level of peat applications. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P in uncropped and cropped soils at all depths, markedly decreases with time after peat application which has been attributed to plant uptake and rapid reaction of P with soil constituents. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P with time in soil receiving 50 Mg ha-1 in both uncropped and cropped soil linearly decreases with the time of cultivation

scholarly journals Study on Carbon Stock of Leasehold Forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha District

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Tshering Dolma Lama ◽  
Ram Asheshwar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

A study was carried on ten leasehold forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha district to estimate the carbon stock. Random sampling was used to collect the biophysical data of trees/ poles, sapling, root and leaf litter, herb and grass. Then, the biomass was calculated using the respective equation and the calculated biomass stock was converted into carbon stock multiplying with 0.47. Similarly, the soil samples were collectewd from different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm to determine the soil organic carbon. Lastly, all analyzed data were compiled to get total carbon stocks. The result showed that the estimated total carbon stock per ha was found to be highest in Srijana leasehold forest with 125.493 t C/ha. The estimated total carbon stock of 10 leasehold forest was found to be 1439.033 tons. Here, Leasehold forests have been an emerging and successful example in conserving forests in epal. So, it is recommended to extend such studies in other parts of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10255   The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 63-67

Correlation of Outcrop Hydraulic Conductivity with its Aquifer: A Case Study of the Phu Phan Sandstone in Northeast, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thidarat Cotanont ◽  
Chalong Buaphan ◽  
Kamonporn Kromkhun
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
K Value ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Fractured rock aquifers provide the most extensive groundwater resources in Northeast Thailand. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of these aquifers controls the flow of water and is therefore, an essential parameter for groundwater modeling and management. K values may be directly determined by conducting pumping tests at the aquifer or by performing fracture analysis using data acquired from outcrops. The K value at outcrop should be greater than that at aquifer of deeper position due to the effect of aperture reduction by overburden compression. The goal of this study was therefor to find the correlation between K values determined from outcrop with those directly measured at an aquifer. This study was conducted on the Phu Phan sandstone aquifer at the Huay Luang watershed, Udon Thani Province of Northeast Thailand. The orientation, aperture, and spacing of fractures were measured at four outcrops and used for determining the K values by fracture analysis. Single well pump test data from 17 wells in the Phu Phan aquifer (30-120 m depth) were analyzed to obtain transmissivity (T) and K. Both sets of the K values, from outcrop and aquifer, were correlated using the plotting position of Weibull. Both plots were linear on a semi-log scale but the outcrop curve was steeper. Lognormal distributions fitted both plotting positions quite well. These results show that for the same probability value, K values found from the pumping test to be about an order of magnitude smaller than K values determined from outcrop data.

scholarly journals Impact of Cement Dust on Physico-chemical Properties of Soils around a Cement Factory in Bagalkot, Karnataka, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sukumar A. Kokatnur ◽  
V. B. Saviramath
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Industrial Dust ◽  
Increase With Increase

Aims: To study the physicochemical properties of soil around the cement factory, to examine the effect of the industrial dust on the soil properties and to analyse the relation between the proportion of pollutants and the distance from the cement factory. Study Design: Were used to analyse the relationship between soil samples at four different locations within the study area. Statistical methods such as; percentage, graph and Pearson correlation method. Place and Duration of Study: For this study soil samples were collected around J k cement factory near Muddhapura of Mudhol Taluk of Bagalkot district in the pre monsoon period at four directions. Samples were analysed using titrant method, flame photometer method, oslen method to determine physicochemical properties. Pearson correlation method was used to analyse the relation between concentration of different elements in the soil samples and distances in four directions. Results: From detailed analysis it was observed that there was increase in concentration of major elements, such as P, Ca, and Mg. However, there are some exceptions such as OC, N, S, Na, Zn, and Fe whose concentration in the soil samples increase with increase in distances in all directions. Since their correlation with distance is positive and significant since the P-value is less than 0.05.  Conclusion: In the present study, it has been established that the physicochemical properties of the soils around the factory have been changed due to the dust deposition as it is adversely affecting the composition soils. This in turn affected the concentration of nutrients required for plants growth. Furthermore, it may become hazardous to soil, flora and fauna.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SOILBORNE PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGAL COUNT IN VARIOUS LAND USE TYPES OF DISTRICT OKARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sumaira Naz ◽  
Salik N. Khan ◽  
Muhammad N. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Made In

A field survey was conducted in district Okara to determine existing plant pathogenic fungal count in various land use types. The target sites were classified as orchard, barren land, fallow land, cultivated land and forest land use types. Field soil samples were collected from these land use types at different depths of 15, 30 and 45 cm respectively. Dilution of soil samples was made in sterilized distilled water and 1ml was poured on to the malt extract agar (MEA) medium in 90 mm diameter Petri plates incubated at 25±2°C for 5-7 days. Purified fungal colonies of Mucor spp., Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia spp., Rhizopus spp., and Helminthosporium spp. on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium were identified based on their morphological descriptions. These fungal counts were recovered from the soil at 30 cm depth which indicates an alarming situation for deep-rooted crops to soilborne fungal pathogens infestation in future.

scholarly journals Mean difference of Electrolyte Level measured in Arterial Blood gases and measured in Laboratory in Children presenting in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
K Value ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background: Electrolytes are measured in arterial and venous blood by arterial blood gas analyzer and the auto-analyzers respectively. Objective: To determine the mean difference in electrolyte level in arterial blood gases (ABGs) level versus laboratory serum electrolyte level in the children admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Pediatrics, the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore from 1st December 2015 to 31st May 2016. Total of 125 children fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from pediatric intensive care unit. The ABGs (whole blood) electrolytes were obtained immediately after collection, using ABGs analyzer. Serum electrolytes were analyzed in the central laboratory of the institution. Reports were assessed and levels of sodium and potassium was noted from reports of ABGs and laboratory. Results: Mean NA+ value on ABGs and from laboratory was 134.66 and 132.26 (p= 0.01). Mean K+ value from on ABGs and from laboratory was 4.51 and 4.28. (p= 0.071). In age group 1-5 and 6-10 years, K+ level was high in ABGs value (p-value=0.065 & p-value=0.073). However, in age group 11-15 years K+ level was significantly higher in ABGs value as that of laboratory value (p-value=0.014). The same trend was observed in male and female children that mean NA+ and K+ value with ABGs was significantly higher as compared to that of laboratory value. Conclusion: NA+ and K+ in arterial blood gases level were different from laboratory serum electrolyte level in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Clinician should be aware of differences so that potential misdiagnosis does not occur and unnecessary treatment or investigation can’t be performed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of erosion characteristics of soils using the pinhole test

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ba Huu Dinh ◽  
Anh-Dan Nguyen ◽  
Seo-Yong Jang ◽  
Young-Sang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Critical Shear Stress ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Identification Parameter ◽  
Pinhole Test ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractThis paper investigates the erosion characteristics of soils using the pinhole test. The tests were conducted with two undisturbed clay samples and five disturbed sandy soil samples. Based on the pinhole test results, a process to analyze the critical shear stress and erosion rate was proposed. The result indicates that the particle size distribution and coefficient of uniformity of soils are significant factors that affect the erosion characteristics of the soil. Samples with a grain size ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 mm is most susceptible to soil erosion. The erosion coefficients can be used to distinguish between the low erodible soils (ND3 and ND4) and high erodible ones (D1 and D2). Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the critical shear stress might be used as an identification parameter for erosion characteristics of the soil: τc > 3.5 Pa (ND3), 3.0 Pa < τc < 3.5 Pa (D2), and τc < 3.0 Pa (D1).

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