Preliminary Study on Benthic Macroinvertebrates Distribution and Assemblages at Lata Meraung Waterfall, Pahang, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Aisyah, S. O. ◽  
Aweng, E. R. ◽  
Razak, W. ◽  
Ahmad Abas, K.
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Calculated Result ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Abundant Taxon ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study aimed to identify the distribution and assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates at Lata Meraung Waterfall, Pahang, Malaysia. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected between 11-12 February 2014 from three stations located at upstream, midstream and downstream of the river. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected by using Surber net with 500 micron mesh size combined with a rectangular quadrate with the size of 30 cm x 30 cm. The ecological indices (richness, diversity, dominant, and evenness) and benthic biotic index (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera or EPT) were calculated. Result shows that, the study area was dominated by insects where a total of 1,287 individuals from 27 taxa of insects were collected. The most abundant taxon was Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) which contributed about 20% of total individuals. On the other hand, all stations recorded the present of sensitive organisms namely Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) but Trichoptera (Hydropsichidae) was the most abundant with 264 individuals. However, Ephemeroptera was the most diverse with seven families as compared to Plecoptera and Trichoptera. The assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates were abundance at the downstream as compared to upstream. This was due to the composition of substrates such as sand, pebble, and cobble which are lesser at the upstream river.

scholarly journals Influence of Water Quality Index (WQI) on Biotic Indices of Benthic Macroinvertebrate at Highland Rivers in Kelantan and Pahang

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aweng, E. R. ◽  
Sharifah Aisyah, S. O. ◽  
Ahmad Abas, K. ◽  
Ahmad Fadli, A. S. ◽  
Azrinaaini, M. Y. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Other Hand

A physicochemical survey of water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates at two rivers namely Sungai Dekong and Dawai in Lojing Highland was conducted on 23 and 24, January 2014. Three stations were selected for physicochemical water quality, one station at Sungai Dekong and two other stations at Sungai Dawai. On the other hand, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at nine stations, i.e. three stations at Sungai Dekong and the other six stations at Sungai Dawai. Result shows that, Station 1 (Sungai Dekong) recorded Very Poor Biological Monitoring Working Party, BMWP (2.0–12.0), Poor Average Species per Taxon, ASPT (2.0–4.0), Poor Citizen Monitoring Biotic Index, CMBI (2.0–2.3), Fairly Poor Family Biotic Index, FBI (5.3–6.0) and Poor Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera or EPT Index (0.0). However, the Water Quality Index WQI (70.01) falls into Class III which can be categorized as Slightly Polluted River. On the other hand, Station 2 (Sungai Dawai downstream) recorded better Biotic and Ecological Index but lower Water Quality Index as compared to Station 1. It recorded Moderate BMWP (26.0–84.0), Very Good ASPT (5.3–6.5), Good CMBI (2.7–3.2), Excellent FBI (3.4–4.3) and Moderate EPT Index (2.0–5.0). However, the WQI (54.99) falls into Class III, and can be categorized as Polluted River. Finally, Station 3 (the most upstream station at Sungai Dawai) recorded almost similar Biotic and Ecological Index with Station 2 but in terms of WQI revealed a significant difference. Station 3 recorded Poor BMWP (34.0–46.0), Very Good ASPT (6.5–6.8), Good CMBI (2.9–3.1), Excellent FBI (3.1–3.9) and Moderate EPT Index (3.0–4.0). However, it’s WQI (84.48) falls into Class II which could be categorized as Cleaned River. As a conclusion, physicochemical river water quality was not the only contributing factor to the Biotic Index at the highland rivers as per other factors such as river substrates, river discharge, aquatic plants, river riparian and river canopy. 

Effects of Various Earth Grid Configurations on Ground Potential Rise Caused by Lightning Strike

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
F.P. Madrin ◽  
H. Widyaputera ◽  
E. Supriyanto ◽  
Z.A. Malek ◽  
M.A.A. Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Grounding Grid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ground Potential ◽  
Grid Mesh

Ground Potential Rise (GPR) caused by lightning strike is a potential hazard for electrical equipment inside an oil and gas refinery plant. In order to mitigate the risk, horizontal grounding grid is applied. The best mitigation is to install a grounding grid with mesh size as small as possible. This condition requires a high cost. In order to obtain the optimal mesh size, a series of simulation of a grounding grid with mesh size variations on GPR caused by lightning strike has been carried out. CDEGS software was used to observe the GPR with various mesh size from 6.5 x 6.5 m to 20 x 20 m. Simulation results show that the maximum transient GPR rises as the grounding grid mesh size is increased, while the GPR distribution throughout the grounding grid area does not change much for different mesh sizes. In the other hand, decreasing the grid size would mean that more conductors are required, hence the cost would increase accordingly. The result shows that grid sizes from 6.5 x 6.5 m up to 20 x 20 m have no significant difference in term of GPR. In term of cost, 10 x 10 m does not show significant difference with 20 x 20 m, on the other hand, there is a significant difference for grid sizes 1 x 1 m to 10 x 10 m. From the results, grid sizes between 10 x 10 m up to 20 x 20 m are still applicable as stated in Petronas Technical. To comply with proper GPR value, additional protection devices are needed to protect the electrical equipment from potential damage.Keywords –GPR, grounding grid, mesh size

Accessibilité Pronominale Des Dét. N1 de (DÉT.) N2

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Laurence Kister
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preference Scale ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Pronominal Anaphora ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Argumentative Structure

The analysis of pronominal anaphora in dét. N1 de (dét.) N2 requires on the one hand a preliminary study of anaphora and of the relations supported by de, and on the other hand, an examination of referential functioning of propositional constructions. The analysis of the relations supported by de is seldom enough to determine whether the whole structure, or just a part of it, is favoured. Thus, the notion of "head" which underlies the principle of pronoun accessing and the preselective clauses must take into account the way of determining the different components of the Dét. N1 de (dét.) N2. The role of determiners is therefore essential : those introducing N2 just as well as those preceding the whole prepositional construction because they all can contribute to making the whole complex structure, or part of it, salient. Examining the distribution of the determiners does not allow us to list all the possible and impossible anaphoras ; it simply aims at building up an access and preference scale based on the notions of salience and accessibility. The identification of references requires a treatment taking many other factors into account: conceptual agreement in gender, immediate or remote contexts, argumentative structure, shared information, extra-linguistic and encyclopedic knowledge...

scholarly journals Preliminary study of the avifauna of the families Numididae and Phasianidae (Galliformes) of the Bombo-Lumene hunting area and reserve in Kinshasa (DR Congo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 019-031
Author(s):  
Jean Victor Tshisuku Milolo ◽  
Dieudonné Musibono Eyul’anki ◽  
Constantin Lubini Ayingweu ◽  
Séraphin Ifuta Ndey Bibuya
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hunting Estate

The present study consisted of the identification of Numididae and Phasianidae birds of the Bombo-Lumene Hunting Estate and Reserve with a view to a domestication trial of one or two of their species. It focuses on direct field observations and trapping of birds. The following parameters were targeted in relation to domestication: weight, size, diet of these birds. A total of 468 bird specimens were observed (105) and captured (363) in various habitats. Of the individuals captured, 31 or 8.5% were Numididae and 332 or 91.4% were Phasianidae. The identification revealed five (5) species, three (3) genera, two (2) families and a single order. The species Francolinus afer, Numida meleagris and Francolinus coqui are the richest with respectively 364 individuals, 58 individuals and 42 individuals. On the other hand, the species Guttera pucherani and Francolinus streptophorus are the least rich with three individuals and one individual respectively. As millet farming has already been successfully experimented elsewhere and in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the results obtained from the targeted parameters indicate that among the species identified, only the species Guttera pucherani (Numididae) and Francolinus afer (Phasianidae) are eligible for a domestication trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

scholarly journals Muslim localizing democracy:a non-pesantren village in Madura as a preliminary study

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Muhammad Endy Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Élan Vital

The political dynamic of village in Indonesian New Order has two faces. On one<br />hand, it is conditioned by the feudalism of village’s leader which is monopolized<br />from one generation to other generations. On the other hand, religion can be an<br />alternative to challenge this feudalism. I explore this condition through an examination<br />of the role of kalebun (the village’s leader) and kiai in a non-pesantren<br />village in Madura, Indonesia. In Madura society, kiai and its pesantren take important<br />role in the process of Islamic institutionalization. Yet, in this case, the<br />absence of pesantren enforces the kiai to be counter-balance of the feudalism of<br />the kalebun. And, the kiai claims that this counter-balance is on behalf of democracy.<br />This article concludes with a discussion of the requirement of democracy in “Islamic” local politics as well as in search of good local governance in post<br />Indonesian New Order.<br />Dinamika politik desa pada masa Orde Baru menghadapi dua realitas antagonis.<br />Di satu sisi, pemerintahan desa dimonopoli oleh generasi tertentu yang melahirkan<br />rezim feodal. Seorang Muslim, di lain sisi, berpotensi menjadi elan vital perlawanan<br />terhadap feodalisme tersebut. Tulisan ini berupaya menggali dua kenyataan<br />tersebut melalui analisis kepemimpinan kalebun (kepala desa) dan kiai di sebuah<br />desa non-pesantren di Madura, Indonesia. Pada jamaknya, dalam masyarakat<br />Madura, kiai dan pesantren memiliki peranan penting dalam proses<br />institusionalisasi Islam. Namun, dalam studi ini, ketiadaan pesantren, membuat<br />kiai (dengan langgarnya) berusaha membendung arus feudalisme kalebun. Sebuah<br />temuan menarik bahwa perlawanan sang kiai tidak atas nama Islam, tetapi demi<br />tegaknya demokratisasi di desa.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of development of the buccal apparatus in Pomacentridae (Teleostei, Perciformes)

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractThis study compares, in five species of Pomacentridae (Chromis viridis, Dascyllus flavicaudus, Chrysiptera glauca, Pomacentrus pavo, Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus), the changes in cephalic skeletal structures between settling larvae and adults living on the reef. Variations were studied in the suspensorium, the opercle, the mandible, the premaxillary bone and the teeth. Comparisons of the feeding apparatus enabled two different types of feeding to be distinguished in adults: suction feeding and grazer sucking. Adult C. viridis and D. flavicaudus have a high suspensorium, a well-rounded mouth during jaw opening and caniniform teeth. These two species can be considered to be suction feeders. On the other hand, adult C. glauca, P. pavo and P. lacrymatus have less developed suspensoria, opercles and ascending process of the premaxillar, and present incisiform teeth. These three species appear to be grazer suckers. However, the larvae of all five species present an unimodal way of feeding, defined as ram-suction. Differences between larvae and adults appear clearly to be related to their ecology. The increasing variation presented in feeding apparatus during the settlement phase could be linked to diversification leading to occupancy of different ecological niches.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of geographical names research: Review of cartography education &amp; research in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ari Cahyono ◽  
Bowo Susilo ◽  
Niken Wirasanti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Technological Aspect ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Study Programme ◽  
Preliminary Study

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geographical names research could be used to reveal the condition of the landscape. Many studies in the geographical names are arranged geographically, surveying geographical names in an area by compiling and analyzing historical spelling sequences to build the origin of etymological geographical names. The geographical names is inherent in human life from birth to death. The trend of geographical names research influenced by cartographic education. This paper aims to review cartographic education in Indonesia in order to reveal how geographical names research influenced by cartographic education.</p><p> We reviewed many universities that held cartographic, geography, and geospatial education. A paper of geographical names research and cartographic research in Indonesia also examined.</p><p> We concluded that cartographic education in Indonesia mixed in geography and geomatic study. The development of cartographic courses in universities influences the interest in geographical names study. Based on articles examined, the study of it in Indonesia is dominated by linguistics discipline. They used qualitative methods in their research. Though some of the articles based on the geographical perspective. On the other hand, the trend of geospatial research tends to the technological aspect rather than the concept of cartography. Thus geographical names research is rarely involved. However, with the implementation of geospatial information laws, One Map Policy, and government regulations regarding the geographical names would facilitate the rising of geographical names research. Several universities also opened a new study programme relate to the geospatial field.</p>

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Birth Weight and Pre-weaning Growth Pattern in Crossed Boer Kids

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Syahirah M. Y. ◽  
Khairiyah Mat ◽  
Nor Dini Rusli ◽  
Hasnita Che Harun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study was aimed to measure influence of some factors that involved in growth performance of crossed Boer kids including parity of mother, sex and litter size of kids. The data gained on body weight at birth weight (BW), 1 (Wt. 1), 2 (Wt. 2), and 3 (Wt. 3) months of age of 20 crossed Boer kids were recorded. There were two kids from does with parity 1, three kids from does with parity 2, eleven kids from does with parity 3, and four kids from parity ?4. From all kids, eleven of them are male and nine female. Kids Six kids were born as single whereas eight kids were born as twin and six kids were born as triplet. Results showed that there was a no significant different (P>0.05) associated with parity of mother. For sex of kids, results show that highly significant differences (P<0.01) for body weight were identified at age one, two and three months. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) for body weight of kids due to single, twin or triplet kid born effect.

The Hebrew Version of De celo et mundo Attributed to Ibn Sīnā

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Glasner
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Hebrew Version ◽  
Preliminary Study

The Hebrew text On the Heavens and the World, ascribed to Ibn Sīnā, is an interesting and intriguing composition. It dates from the 13th century and was quite influential. It is not a translation of any text of Ibn Sīnā known to us, but is related to the (pseudo-Avicennian) Latin De celo et mundo, which appears in the 1508 Venice edition of translations of Ibn Sīnā. The Latin and Hebrew texts differ widely and the relation between them is far from being clear. Both are in sixteen chapters, the titles of the chapters are the same, but the texts are only roughly similar. The Hebrew text often offers short, incomplete summaries of the Latin arguments. On the other hand it includes many passages which have no parallel in the Latin. There are two possible explanations of the perplexing relationship between the two texts: either that there was more than one version of the Latin (or of the original Arabic) text, or that the translator, Shlomo ben Moshe of Laguiri wrote a kind of paraphrase. The paper shows that the second explanation is correct and offers a preliminary study of the sources and the aims of the Hebrew text.

scholarly journals Micropaleontological study of the Moroccan Mediterranean western coastline foraminifera and their morphological abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Haitam Afilal ◽  
Abdellah Trankil ◽  
Saida Bouzid ◽  
Abdelhamid Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Remarkable Similarity ◽  
Morphological Abnormalities ◽  
Abiotic Parameters ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Faunistic Composition

In order to contribute to the identification of the current faunistic composition of the Moroccan Mediterranean western coastline foraminifera, sediment from 4 stations have been analyzed, along with some abiotic parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity), In order to characterize their populations, different Ecological indices were calculated and compared in the various samples. A total of 3451 individuals belonging to 14 species were recognized (90,26% hyaline, 9,74% porcelaneous, and none agglutinated test was found), all assemblages were dominated mainly by Elphidium crispum, Ammonia beccarii, and subordinately by Quinqueloculina sp1 and Heterolepa dutemplei. All sampling sites showed remarkable similarity in the Foraminiferal assemblages, and the Oued Nigro station is considered the wealthiest and densest site, whereas Oued Martil records the lowest values of those parameters. On the other hand, the Sample from M'diq presents the lowest diversity index even if it is the second in terms of density. The faunistic analysis had also allowed the observation of some morphological abnormalities only found in the Oued Nigro station, affecting some individuals' tests. A small-sized chamber mainly manifests the abnormal appearances in the spiral whorls and calcification defects in the calcareous wall.

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