Measurement Of Streaming Potential Coupling Coefficient On Carbonate Rocks For Downhole Monitoring In Smart Wells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaidi Jaafar ◽  
Ali Pourbasirat

Telaga pintar merujuk kepada telaga yang mengandungi downhole sensors dan injap kawalan aliran masuk (ICV) yang dipasang pada tiub pengeluaran. Telaga ini membenarkan pengendali untuk merekodkan kadar aliran bendalir, suhu dan tekanan yang berterusan semasa pengeluaran. Baru–baru ini, pengukuran streaming potential dalam telaga pintar telah dicadangkan untuk memantau pencerobohan air. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat ketidakpastian yang signifikan yang dikaitkan dengan tafsiran ukuran, terutamanya mengenai pekali gandingan streaming potential. Ini adalah ciri petrofizik utama yang menentukan magnitud streaming potential untuk potensi bendalir yang tertentu. Magnitud streaming potential pada asasnya berkait dengan kadar aliran bendalir, sifat–sifat bendalir (khususnya kemasinan), dan sifat–sifat matriks batuan. Pekali gandingan telah diukur secara uji kaji dalam teras batu pasir yang tepu dengan kemasinan air garam yang berbeza, tetapi sangat sedikit hasil ujikaji telah diterbitkan bagi batuan karbonat. Bilangan reservor karbonat yang besar di seluruh dunia menyarankan bahawa pengukuran streaming potential dalam batuan karbonat juga penting. Dalam kajian ini, kami kemukakan nilai pekali gandingan streaming potential bagi batu karbonat yang tepu dengan berbagai kemasinan air garam. Seperti yang kami jangkakan, streaming potential bagi teras itu adalah kecil tetapi masih boleh diukur, dan kemasinan yang lebih tinggi memberikan pekali gandingan streaming potential yang lebih kecil. Keputusan yang diperolehi adalah konsisten hasil penggunaan elektrod yang direka khas dan ujikaji pam berpasangan untuk menghapuskan potensi elektrik palsu. Kami mendapati bahawa pekali gandingan streaming potential di dalam batu karbonat adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan yang ada di teras batu pasir yang ditepukan dengan kemasinan air garam yang sama. Pemerhatian ini boleh dijelaskan dengan membandingkan perbezaan titik caj sifar (pzc) di antara kedua–dua jenis batu. Secara kualitatif, hasil ujikaji menunjukkan bahawa pengukuran streaming potential boleh digunakan untuk memantau pencerobohan air di dalam reservor karbonat, sama seperti ia digunakan untuk reservor batu pasir. Kata kunci: Streaming potential; elektrokinetik; pemantauan bawah telaga; telaga pintar; water encroachment; kawalan pengeluaran air; batu karbonat Smart wells refer to wells containing downhole sensors and inflow control valves (ICV) mounted on the production tubing. These wells allow the operator to record fluid flow rates, temperature and pressure incessantly. Recently, streaming potential measurement in smart wells has been proposed to monitor water encroachment. However, there are still significant uncertainties associated with the interpretation of the measurements, particularly concerning the streaming potential coupling coefficient. This is a key petrophysical property that dictates the magnitude of the streaming potential for a given fluid potential. Streaming potential magnitude is basically related to the fluid flow rate, fluid properties (particularly salinity), and the rock matrix properties. The coupling coefficient has been measured experimentally in sandstone cores saturated with different brine salinities, but very little works have been published on carbonate rocks. The huge number of carbonate reservoirs around the world suggests that measurement of streaming potential in carbonate rocks is also important. In this study, we present value of streaming potential coupling coefficient in a carbonate rock saturated with various salinities of brine. As we expected, streaming potential in such core is small but measurable and higher salinity gives smaller streaming potential coupling coefficient. Consistent results are obtained using specially designed electrodes and paired pumping experiments to eliminate spurious electrical potentials. We noticed that streaming potential coupling coefficient in carbonate rock is lower compared to the one in sandstone cores saturated with the same salinity of brine. This observation could be explained by comparing the difference in Point of zero charges (pzc) between those two types of rock. Qualitatively, the result suggests that measurements of streaming potential could be applied for monitoring water encroachment in carbonate reservoirs, in the same manner it is applied for sandstones reservoirs. Key words: Streaming potential; electrokinetics; downhole monitoring; intelligent wells; water encroachment; produced water control; carbonate rocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerepi ◽  
A. Cherubini ◽  
B. Garcia ◽  
H. Deschamps ◽  
A. Revil

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 180030 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cherubini ◽  
B. Garcia ◽  
A. Cerepi ◽  
A. Revil

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D.. D. Jackson ◽  
J.. Vinogradov ◽  
J.H.. H. Saunders ◽  
M.Z.. Z. Jaafar

Summary Downhole monitoring of streaming potential, using electrodes mounted on the outside of insulated casing, is a promising new technology for monitoring water encroachment toward an intelligent well. However, there are still significant uncertainties associated with the interpretation of the measurements, particularly concerning the streaming potential coupling coefficient. This is a key petrophysical property that dictates the magnitude of the streaming potential for a given fluid potential. We present the first measured values of streaming potential coupling coefficient in sandstones saturated with natural and artificial brines relevant to oilfield conditions at higher-than-seawater salinity. We find that the coupling coefficient in quartz-rich sandstones is independent of sample type and brine composition as long as surface electrical conductivity is small. The coupling coefficient is small in magnitude, but still measurable, even when the brine salinity approaches the saturated concentration limit. Consistent results are obtained from two independent experimental setups, using specially designed electrodes and paired pumping experiments to eliminate spurious electrical potentials. We apply the new experimental data in a numerical model to predict the streaming potential signal that would be measured at a well during production. The results suggest that measured signals should be resolvable above background noise in most hydrocarbon reservoirs. Furthermore, water encroaching on a well could be monitored while it is several tens to hundreds of meters away. This contrasts with most other downhole monitoring techniques, which sample only the region immediately adjacent to the wellbore. Our results raise the novel prospect of an oil field in which the wells can detect the approach of water and can respond appropriately.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Luong ◽  
R. Sprik

Seismoelectric effects and streaming potentials play an important role in geophysical applications. The key parameter for those phenomena is the streaming potential coupling coefficient, which is, for example, dependent on the zeta potential of the interface of the porous rocks. Comparison of an existing theoretical model to experimental data sets from available published data for streaming potentials has been performed. However, the existing experimental data sets are based on samples with dissimilar fluid conductivity, pH of pore fluid, temperature, and sample compositions. All those dissimilarities may cause the observed deviations. To critically assess the models, we have carried out streaming potential measurement as a function of electrolyte concentration and temperature for a set of well-defined consolidated samples. The results show that the existing theoretical model is not in good agreement with the experimental observations when varying the electrolyte concentration, especially at low electrolyte concentration. However, if we use a modified model in which the zeta potential is considered to be constant over the electrolyte concentration, the model fits the experimental data well in a whole range of concentration. Also, for temperature dependence, the comparison shows that the theoretical model is not fully adequate to describe the experimental data but does describe correctly the increasing trend of the coupling coefficient as function of temperature.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras Himmat Gopani ◽  
Navpreet Singh ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Sarma ◽  
Digambar S. Negi ◽  
Padmaja S. Mattey

Abstract As carbonate reservoirs are mostly oil-wet, the potential for the success of a waterflooding is lower. Therefore, a primary focus during waterflooding such reservoirs is on the ionic composition and salinity of injected brine which are able to impact the alteration of the rock wettability favorably by altering the surface charge towards a higher negative value or close to zero. The objective of this study is to employ zeta potentiometric studies comprising streaming potential and streaming current techniques to quantify the surface interactions and charges between the carbonate rock and fluid type as a function of the variations in its ionic state and rock saturation. Zeta potentiometric studies were conducted on carbonate rock samples to understand the behavior of different aqueous solutions by variation in the brine's salinity and ionic composition and the results were integrated with wettability studies. The concentrations of potential-determining ions (PDIs) such as SO42-, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the injected brines are deemed responsible for altering the wettability state of the carbonate rocks. Several diluted brines (25%, 10% and 1% diluted seawater) and smart brines have been investigated. Smart brines were prepared by spiking the concentration of major PDIs. All zeta potential measurements were conducted using a specially designed zeta potentiometer sample-holding clamp capable of using the whole core plugs rather than pulverized rock samples. A major advantage of using the whole core sample is that the same core can be used in subsequent coreflooding tests, thus making zeta potentiometric results more relevant and representative for a particular rock-fluid system used in the study. The classical streaming potential and streaming current techniques were used for zeta potential measurement. The Fairbrother-Mastin approach was used where the streaming potential is measured against different pressure differentials. Measurements were also carried out for brines with rock samples of different states: oil-saturated, water-saturated and rock samples cleaned with organic solvents to determine any likely variations in surface charge interactions. The results of our experiments imply that the value of zeta potential either increases or becomes more negative with increasing percentage of dilution (25%, 10%, and 1%). This can be attributed to electrical double-layer expansion which is primarily caused by reduced ionic strength. Furthermore, with measurements done on smart brines, zeta potential value was also found to be increased when different diluted brines are spiked with ionic concentration of PDIs such as sulfate. This could have been caused by surface ion alteration mechanism where PDIs get adsorbed on rock surface causing possible detachment of oil droplets. Both the phenomena are known mechanisms for altering wettability towards more water wetness in carbonate rocks and are discussed in detail.


TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEBO XU ◽  
JEREMY MYERS ◽  
PETER HART

Retention of cationic dispersed rosin size was studied via turbidity measurements on stock filtrate with different alum and dispersed rosin size dosages. Stock charge characteristics were analyzed using both an analysis of charge demand determined via a streaming current detector and an evaluation of zeta potential of the fibers by streaming potential measurement. The results indicated that an optimum amount of alum existed such that good sizing retention was maintained throughout a wide range of dispersed rosin size dosages. However, when an excessive amount of alum was used and fines and colloidal particles were transitioned from anionic to cationic, the cationic size retention was reduced. Laboratory results were confirmed with a paper machine trial. All data suggested that a stock charge study was necessary to identify optimal alum dosage for a cationic dispersed rosin sizing program.


2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1870-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Heng Shan Hu

The electrokinetic effects are important in the understanding of electric properties in porous medium. In this study, the streaming potential and streaming current of saturated samples are measured at different concentrations, then three methods are applied to obtain the zeta-potential and electrokinetic coupling coefficient. The study shows that the results obtained from streaming potential and streaming current methods agree well with each other, but the results obtained from simplified streaming potential method become seriously inaccurate at low concentrations due to the influence of surface conductance. This experimental study also provides a reliable estimate of the surface conductivity and its contribution to zeta-potential at given concentrations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
Guangquan Xu ◽  
Mancai Liu ◽  
Minhua Wang

AbstractWith the reduction of oil and gas reserves and the increase of mining difficulty in Northern China, the carbonate rocks in Southern North China Basin are becoming a significant exploration target for carbonate reservoirs. However, the development characteristics, formation stages, formation environments and mechanisms of the carbonate reservoirs in Southern North China Basin are still unclear, which caused the failures of many oil and gas exploration wells. This study focused on addressing this unsolved issue from the Ordovician carbonate paleokarst in the Huai-Fu Basin, which is located in the southeast of Southern North China Basin and one of the key areas for oil and gas exploration. Based on petrology, mineralogy and geochemical data, pore types, distribution characteristics, and formation stages of the Ordovician paleokarst were analyzed. Then, in attempt to define the origins of porosity development, the formation environments and mechanisms were illustrated. The results of this study showed that pore types of the Ordovician carbonates in the Huai-Fu Basin are mainly composed of intragranular pores, intercrystalline (intergranular) pores, dissolution pores (vugs), fractures, channels, and caves, which are usually in fault and fold zones and paleoweathering crust. Furthermore, five stages and five formation environments of the Ordovician paleokarst were identified. Syngenetic karst, eogenetic karst, and paleoweathering crust karst were all developed in a relatively open near-surface environment, and their formations are mainly related to meteoric water dissolution. Mesogenetic karst was developed in a closed buried environment, and its formation is mainly related to the diagenesis of organic matters and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the Permian-Carboniferous strata. Hydrothermal (water) karst was developed in a deep-buried and high-temperature environment, where hydrothermal fluids (waters) migrated upward through structures such as faults and fractures to dissolve carbonate rocks and simultaneously deposited hydrothermal minerals and calcites. Lastly, a paleokarst evolution model, combined with the related porosity evolution processes, nicely revealed the Ordovician carbonate reservoir development. This study provides insights and guidance for further oil and gas exploration in the Southern North China Basin, and also advances our understanding of the genesis of carbonate paleokarst around the world.


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