scholarly journals Dynamic Viscosity As A Function Of Shear Rate: The Comparison Of Established Rheological Models With The Newly Derived Rheological Model For The Estimation Of Zero– And Infinite–Shear Rate Viscosity Of Vegetable Oils

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eng Giap Sunny Goh ◽  
Azira Amran

Kelikatan merupakan salah satu daripada parameter fizikal penting yang memerlukan pengukuran dengan kejituan, dan supaya ia dapat diwakili dengan persamaan reologi untuk membolehkan interpolasi nilai kelikatan yang tidak diketahui. Persamaan akan mempunyai kelebihan tambahan jika anggaran persamaan mampu memberi anggaran jitu penentuluaran. Sesetengah persamaan adalah mementingkan kejituan ramalan kelikatan dalam julat nilai eksperimen, sementara yang lain pula boleh membuat jangkaan kelikatan pada keadaan lampau, contohnya, kelikatan pada keadaan infiniti– and sifar–keterikan. Persamaan Cross and Carreau mampu untuk memberi nilai kelikatan pada keadaan lampau, tetapi anggaran keterikan awalan tidak boleh ditentusahkan jika data eksperimen tidak menunjukkan kewujudan sifat Newtonian. Dalam kajian ini, minyak tumbuhan kelapa, jagung, canola, dan soya dikaji dengan menggunakan viskometer pada keterikan yang berlainan, 3.9 – 131.6 s–1, dan keterikan adalah dilakukan pada suhu, 50 dan 90°C. Data eksperimen dipadankan dengan persamaan–persamaan reologi yang terkenal, dan kemudiannya, satu persamaan reologi baru diperkenalkan sebagai persamaan altenatif kepada pengiraan kelikatan pada kawasan keterikan rendah. Infiniti–keterikan kelikatan daripada persamaan baru adalah setara dengan nilai–nilai daripada persamaan–persamaan reologi terkenal. Di samping itu, keputusan menunjukkan kelikatan minyak tumbuhan mempunyai ciri pseudoplastic, dan data eksperimen dapat dimodelkan dengan persamaan baru dengan baik (R2 > 0.96). Kata kunci: Kelikatan; keterikan; reologi; minyak tumbuhan; Newtonian Viscosity is one of the most important physical parameters that need proper measurement in terms of its accuracy, and to be fitted by rheological model to enable interpolation for unknown viscosity. It would be an advantage if the model estimation could be extended for viscosity extrapolation with reliability. Some models are concerned with the accuracy of predicting viscosity within the experimental range value, while others able to predict viscosity at extreme conditions, for instance, viscosity at infinite– and zero–shear rate conditions. Cross and Carreau are able to model viscosity at extreme conditions, but its estimation value at very low shear rate region could not be justified if the experimental data does not signify the presence of Newtonian behaviour. In this study, coconut, corn, canola, and soy oils were investigated with a viscometer at different shear rates, 3.9 – 131.6 s–1, and were sheared at specific temperatures, 50 and 90°C. The experimental data were curve–fitted with wellknown rheological models, and then, a new rheological model was proposed as an alternative equation for viscosity estimation at low shear rate region. Infinite–shear rate viscosity from the new model is consistent with the estimation from well–known models. In addition, results showed that vegetable oil has the characteristic of a pseudoplastic, and the experimental data were well fitted by the new proposed model (R2 > 0.96). Key words: Viscosity; shear rate; rheology; vegetable oil; Newtonian

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Olalekan Alade

Abstract The viscosity of extra-heavy oils including bitumen can be reduced significantly by adding solvent such as toluene to enhance extraction, production and transportation. Thus, prediction of viscosity and/or rheology of bitumen-solvent mixtures has become necessary. More so, selecting a suitable rheological model for simulation of flow in porous media has an important role to play in engineering design of production and processing systems. While several mixing rules have been applied to calculate the viscosity of bitumen-solvent mixtures, rheological model to describe the flow characteristics has rarely been published. Thus, in this investigation, rheological behaviour of bitumen and bitumen-toluene mixtures (weight fractions of bitumen WB = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, and 1 w/w) have been studied at the flow temperature (75 °C) of the bitumen and in the range of shear rates between 0.001 and 1000 s−1. The data was fitted using different rheological models including the Power Law, Cross Model, Carreau-Yasuda Model, and the newly introduced ones herein named as Cross-Logistic and Logistic models. Then, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was built using a scanning electron image (SEM) of rock sample (representing a realistic porous geometry) to simulate pore scale flow characteristics. The observations revealed that the original bitumen exhibits a Newtonian behaviour within the low shear rate region (0.001 to 100 s−1) and shows a non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) behaviour at the higher shear rate region (100 to 1000 s−1). Conversely, the bitumen-toluene mixtures show shear thinning (pseudoplastic) behaviour at low shear rate region (0.001 to 0.01), which appears to become less significant within 0.01 to 0.1 s−1, and exhibit shear independent Newtonian behaviour within 0.1 and 1000 s−1 shear rates. Moreover, except for the original bitumen, statistical error analysis of prediction ability of the tested rheological models as well as the results from the pore scale flow parameters suggested that the Power Law might not be suitable for predicting the flow characteristics of the bitumen-toluene mixtures compared to the other models.


Author(s):  
В.Н. Колодежнов ◽  
А.В. Колтаков ◽  
С.С. Капранчиков ◽  
А.С. Веретенников

В различных технических приложениях применяются рабочие среды типа суспензий, которые при достаточно высокой концентрации частиц твердой фазы демонстрируют аномалии вязкости. Существо этих аномалий заключается в том, что при приближении скорости сдвига к некоторому пороговому значению наблюдается явление резкого возрастания вязкости жидкости. При этом в соответствующих зонах течения рабочая среда начинает вести себя подобно твердому телу. Механическое поведение такой рабочей среды может быть описано в рамках реологической модели вязкопластической жидкости, которая позволяет учитывать проявление эффекта“упрочнения” или “отвердевания”. Рассмотрена методика определения параметров такой реологической модели на основе обработки экспериментальных данных зависимости касательного напряжения от скорости сдвига. Предложен алгоритм для реализации этой методики. In various technical applications, working media such as suspensions are used, which, at a sufficiently high concentration of solid phase particles, demonstrate viscosity anomalies. The essence of these anomalies lies in the fact that when the shear rate approaches a certain threshold value, the phenomenon of a sharp increase in the viscosity of the liquid is observed. At the same time, in the corresponding flow zones, the working medium begins to behave like a solid. The mechanical behavior of such a working medium can be described within the framework of a rheological model of a viscoplastic fluid, which allows for the manifestation of the effect of “hardening” or “solidification”. The method of determining the parameters of such a rheological model based on the processing of experimental data on the dependence of the shear stress on the shear rate is considered. An algorithm for the implementation of this technique is proposed


Author(s):  
J. A. Greenwood ◽  
J. J. Kauzlarich

Mineral oils and synthetic lubricants that are thickened by polymers of large molecular weight are being promoted for automobiles as well as aircraft gas turbines. These multiweight lubricants are found to have a complicated Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity depending upon shear rate in the bearing. In general, polymer-thickened mineral oil lubricants show a first Newtonian behaviour at a low shear rate, shear-thinning non-Newtonian behaviour at a higher shear rate and a second Newtonian behaviour at a very high shear rate, with a second Newtonian viscosity approximately equal to the base oil viscosity. Because of high shear thinning in the inlet region of rolling element bearings, predicting the film thickness using the low shear rate first Newtonian viscosity can be in error, in particular examples, by a factor of ½ for mineral oil plus 4% methacrylate thickener and 1/7 for mineral oil plus 20% polybutene thickener. The case of naturally shear-thinning silicone fluids is analysed and it is shown that the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness is nearly the same for silicones with widely varying first Newtonian viscosity. A general EHD analysis for shear-thinning lubricants in pure rolling is presented and shown to agree with known special cases. A closed-form EHD equation for power law shear-thinning lubricants is derived, which gives very accurate results for a bearing where the inlet state of the rolling element falls in the region where the non-Newtonian viscosity is expected. A comparison with some published experimental results by Bair and Khonsari is presented.


10.5219/929 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Jaga Mohan Meher ◽  
Bidyut Mazumdar ◽  
Amit Keshav

Pureed form of leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle)) was taken for physicochemical and rheological analysis at temperatures and TSS range of 278 K - 318 K and 3 - 5 °Brix respectively. The steady-state rheological analysis was performed with a shear rate of 1 - 100 s-1. Different rheological models are tried; Power-law was best fitted with the experimental data (R2 ≥0.98). Temperature dependence of viscosity was found out using an Arrhenius-type relationship at a shear rate of 10, 50, 100 s-1 IR analysis was done to know the influence of functional groups on rheological properties of purees. Consistency index (K) of puree increases with increase in TSS content but at a fixed TSS, there is a decrease in K with an increase in temperatures but the opposite was observed for flow behavior index (n). Puree showed a shear thinning behavior with an increment in temperature level and puree having 5 °Brix (8.37) has higher activation energy (kJ.mol-1) than 3 °Brix (6.32).  


2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (26) ◽  
pp. 9215-9222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Baert ◽  
Peter Van Puyvelde ◽  
Florentin Langouche

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung J. Choi ◽  
Min S. Cho ◽  
Myung S. Jhon

As a potential electrorheological(ER) material, poly(naphthalene quinone) radical (PNQR) ER fluid was prepared, and its rheological behavior and hysteresis phenomenon were investigated. PNQR was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation between naphthalene and phthalic anhydride, using zinc chloride as a catalyst at 256°C. A Physica rheometer equipped with a high voltage generator was used to measure the rheological properties of the ER fluids, which were prepared by dispersing PNQR in silicone oil at several particle concentrations. Shear stresses were observed to decrease as shear rate increased in the region of slow deformation rate. It was further found that ER fluid showed different hysteresis behaviors according to the shear rate ranges; thixotropy was observed in the low shear rate region (0.007-0.51/s) and anti-thixotropy in the high shear rate region (0.5-10001/s). Controlled shear stress mode was also applied to observe similar behaviors.


2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Malczewska ◽  
Adrian Biczyński

Abstract The municipal sludge characterized non-Newtonian behaviour, therefore the viscosity of the sewage sludge is not a constant value. The laboratory investigation was made using coaxial cylinder with rotating torque and gravimetric concentration of the investigated sludge ranged from 4.40% to 2.09%. This paper presents the investigation on the effect of concentration of rheological sludge behaviour. The three different rheological models: Bingham (plastic model), Ostwald-de Waele (power-law), Hershel-Bulkley’s were calculated by fitting the experimental data of shear stress as a function of shear rate to these models. In this study, the 3-parameter Herschel- Bulkley’s model fits the experimental data best.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (19) ◽  
pp. 2793-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse B Bas ◽  
Oktay Yilmaz ◽  
Anil Ibis ◽  
Mustafa Dogu ◽  
Kadir Kirkkopru ◽  
...  

Rheological behavior of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelet composites of varying content, temperature, and filler shape was investigated by capillary and rotational rheometers. Scanning electron microscope images were taken in order to examine the filler shape and interaction between fillers and polymer matrix. Viscosity measurements of polypropylene/graphite composites showed shear thinning behavior like neat polypropylene. Filler inclusion resulted in increase in shear viscosity and shear thinning behavior of composites. The effect of filler concentration on viscosity is more appreciable in the low shear rate region. PP/graphite nanoplatelet composites with larger interface between filler and polymer matrix were of greater shear viscosity values through the entire shear rate range. However, filler morphology did not affect shear viscosity in high shear rate region remarkably. Composite viscosity as a function of volume fraction was modeled by Maron–Pierce equation. As temperature increased, shear viscosities of polypropylene/graphite composites and neat PP melt decreased. Temperature has less effect on composite viscosity than on neat PP viscosity due to the restricting effect of fillers on polymer molecules.


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