Skew Detection and Correction of Jawi Images Using Gradient Direction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairuddin Omar ◽  
Abd. Rahman Ramli ◽  
Ramlan Mahmod ◽  
Md. Nasir Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Median Filter ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Slant Angle ◽  
Skew Detection ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Orientation Histogram ◽  
Gradient Orientation ◽  
The One ◽  
Enhancement Algorithm

Kertas kerja ini dikemukakan untuk menjelaskan tentang pembetulan pencongan dan erotan imej jawi. Satu algoritma mudah dan pantas ini menggunakan histogram orientasi cerunan sama seperti yang telah dicadangkan oleh Sun dan Si(1997) terhadap teks Latin telah dicadangkan untuk mengatasi masalah pencongan dan erotan terhadap teks Jawi. Algoritma bermula dengan melaksanakan operasi cerunan imej; diikut oleh penentuan histogram orientasi dan licinkannya menggunakan penapis median. Nilai maksimum histogram dicari untuk mendapatkan sudut pencong; diikuti oleh pembetulan awal dengan menggunakan fungsi polinominal. Sudut dihitung secara analitik; dan akhir sekali imej diputarkan mengikut sudut pencong yang diperoleh. Erotan teks Jawi juga telah menggunakan kaedah yang sama untuk mendapatkan sudut erotan dan kemudian diricih supaya dapat menghasilkan imej yang betul. Hasil daripada algoritma ini menjanjikan keputusan yang baik. Kata kunci: Histogram orientasi cerunan; topeng penjejak sisi sobel; pencong; erotan; penapis median; dan sudut pencong This paper discusses an enhancement algorithm of skew and slant orientation of the Jawi images. A simple and quick algorithm that uses a gradient orientation histogram, similar to the one proposed by Sun and Si(1997) for the Latin text is suggested to overcome this skew and slant problem in Jawi text. This algorithm start by carrying out the image gradient operation, followed by determining the orientation histogram and smoothing algorithm with a median filter. The histogram´s maximum value is generated to obtain the skew angle followed by the correcting procedure of the early value obtained by using polynomial function. The angle is calculated analytically and finally converting the image accordingly. The slanted Jawi text uses the same approach as the above to get the slant angle. This image is sheared in order to get the righ image. The outputs of this study show promising and convincing results. Key words: Gradient orientation histogram; the mask of sobel edge detector; skew; slant; median filter; and skew angle

scholarly journals The emergence of the grammatical paradigm of nominal determiners in French and in Romance: Comparative and diachronic perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Carlier ◽  
Béatrice Lamiroy
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Pattern Characteristic ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article is devoted to the emergence of a new paradigm in French and Romance: that of nominal determiners. Latin had no articles, and although possessives, demonstratives and indefinites could determine the noun, they could also be used as pronouns or adjectives, so that the morpho-syntactic category of nominal determiners did not exist as such. We first examine the diachronic evolution of French, where a far-reaching grammaticalization process took place. Syntagmatically, all determiners end up in the NP-initial position as the only available syntactic slot, contributing to the highly configurational NP pattern characteristic of Modern French. From a paradigmatic viewpoint, determiners no longer correspond to a syntactic function, but to a separate morpho-syntactic category. We also evaluate to what extent this evolution took place in two other Romance languages, Italian and Spanish. Through the analysis of this particular evolution, based on parallel corpora consisting of a Latin text and its translations in Old, Middle, and Modern French on the one hand, and in Spanish and Italian on the other, our study also provides evidence for more general mechanisms, analogy in particular, at work in the creation of new paradigms.

scholarly journals Content Based Image Retrieval for Community Retrieval from Given Nationality using an Efficient Combination Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3003-3007
Keyword(s):  
Feature Vector ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Query Image ◽  
Image Histogram ◽  
Orientation Histogram ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Canberra Distance ◽  
The One ◽  
Internet Databases ◽  
State Of Art

There is tremendous requirement of such technique which can fulfill the entire requirement for retrieval of an image from available dataset which comes under computer vision. In this paper we discussed about the one of the application of CBIR using an efficient combination of two techniques. The application is retrieval of people images from database that comes under minority. In this paper we used an efficient combination of color image histogram technique and edge orientation histogram technique by dividing original image into small subblocks. The feature vector is formed by combination of two features obtained by above methodologies. The final features obtained by query image will be compared with the feature vector of database images using a new Canberra Distance classifier. Proposed method is designed for multiple self-prepared and some collected from internet databases. Our method includes the efficient integration of features such as color, texture, shape and orientation. The proposed method is compared with state of art techniques to prove the stable and highest accuracy of proposed work.

scholarly journals Effect of Skew Angle on Bridge Superstructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Abdelhameed H. M. Ali ◽  
Anwar Adam Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Bridge Superstructures ◽  
Skew Bridge ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Skew Angles ◽  
Zero Skew

In this paper, the effect of skew angle on reinforced concrete skew bridge decks is presented by using the grillage analogy. The actual deck system of the bridge is represented by an equivalent grillage of longitudinal and transverse beams. A span 26m of simply supported bridge deck is taken as the case study to obtain the values of the bending moment' s distribution versus span length for the one type of skewness and the results are compared against the moments of the right deck span of the bridge. The analysis results were based (BS5400) dead and live loads using Structural Analysis program (SAP2000). The analysis provided useful information about the variation of moments and shear forces with respect to change in skewness. It is concluded that in skew bridge deck, the bending moment is decreased, but torsional moments and shear forces are increased by increasing the skew angle. It is noticed that the maximum bending moment at skew angle 55o, by 76% in comparison with zero skew angle. On the other hand the maximum torsional moment increases for the same skew angle (55o) more than five times than with zero skew angles.  

scholarly journals An Efficient Document Skew Detection Method Using Probability Model and Q Test

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Zixuan Chen ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Xiaolang Yan ◽  
Aiguo Yin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Connected Components ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Skew Detection ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bounding Boxes

Document skew detection is one of the key technologies in most of the document analysis systems. However, existing skew detection methods either have low accuracy or require a large amount of computation. To achieve a good tradeoff between efficiency and performance, we propose a novel skew detection approach based on bounding boxes, probability model, and Dixon’s Q test. Firstly, bounding boxes are used to pick out the eligible connected components (ECC). Then, we calculate the slopes of the skew document with the probability model. Finally, we find the optimal result with Dixon’s Q test and projection profile method. Moreover, the proposed method can detect the skew angle in a wider range. The experimental results show that our skew detection algorithm can achieve high speed and accuracy simultaneously compared with existing algorithms.

New Enhancement Algorithm of Infrared Images Based on Dual Threshold of the Exponential Transform

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3893-3897
Author(s):  
Jing Lv ◽  
Jian Lv ◽  
Chuan Fu Wu ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Feng Pei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Exponential Transform ◽  
Detail Image ◽  
Enhancement Algorithm

Since the thermal imaging system detection ability and spatial resolution is lower than visible light CCD array,the definition of the infrared image is lower than that of the visible light image, which needs enhancement to improve image quality and for human vision. This paper proposes an enhancement algorithm of infrared images based on dual threshold of the exponential transform, firstly the original image can be processed by median filter to reduce noise,next separate the detail information of the 14-bit infrared image after noise reduction; then deal the detail image with the double threshold method based on the exponential transform,retaining or enhancing the detail information;when it comes to the base image,deal it with the gray linear mapping method, compressing its dynamic range.Finally the detail image and the base image are composed together after processing,getting 8-bit infrared image which can display and be processed on an ordinary display.

Outlier Identification and Correction Online for the Ocean Geomagnetic Parameter Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2822-2827
Author(s):  
Zun Yi Xu ◽  
Dong Wei ◽  
Lei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Signal Reconstruction ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Parameter Measurement ◽  
Outlier Identification ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Spot Type

The outlier identification and correction of the geomagnetic parameter measurement is an important influencing factor for the probability and precision of the matching algorithms. The ream-time measurements of the geomagnetic field parameter can be considered as the first-order non-stationary random process, the real-time measurement value can be predicted by using the multi-level recursive method, the outlier identification can be done by the Dixon criterion, and the correction can be made by using the median filter and the one step prediction value. The inspection is carried out by using the emulation data and actual data, the results show that not only the isolated type but also the spot-type outlier value can be detected well and the signal reconstruction error is less than 5%.

scholarly journals Minimizing Power Peaking Factor of BEAVRS-based Reactor Using Polar Bear Optimization Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
Amila Amatullah ◽  
Alexander Agung ◽  
Agus Arif
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Fuel Loading ◽  
Loading Pattern ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Fuel Assemblies ◽  
The One ◽  
Optimum Solution

Abstract Fuel loading pattern optimization is a complex problem because there are so many possibilities for combinatorial solutions, and it will take time to try it one by one. Therefore, the Polar Bear Optimization Algorithm was applied to find an optimum PWR loading pattern based on BEAVRS. The desired new fuel loading pattern is the one that has the minimum Power Peaking Factor (PPF) value without compromising the operating time. Operating time is proportional to the multiplication factor (k eff ). These parameters are usually contradictive with each other and will make it hard to find the optimum solution. The reactor was modelled with the Standard Reactor Analysis Code (SRAC) 2006. Fuel pins and fuel assemblies are modelled with the PIJ module for cell calculations. One-fourth symmetry was used with the CITATION X-Y module for core calculations. The optimization was done with 200 populations and 50 iterations. The PPF value for the selected solution should never exceed 2.0 in every burn-up step. Out of 28 solutions, the best optimal fuel loading pattern had a maximum value PPF of 1.458 and a k eff of 0.916 at day 760 of calculated time (corresponding to a cycle length of 479 days). Therefore, the maximum PPF value was 27.1% lower than the safety factor, and the same operating time as the standard loading pattern has been achieved.

scholarly journals Paul von Klenau og hans niende symfoni. Kilderne, værket, receptionen

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Niels Krabbe
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Music ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Music History ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ninth Symphony ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Liturgical Texts ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The One

Niels Krabbe: Paul von Klenau and his ninth Symphony – the sources, the work, the reception In 2001, the Royal Library learned about a comprehensive private collection in Vienna that contained music, letters and lecture manuscripts, photographs and other archive materials of the Danish composer Paul von Klenau (1883–1946). A preliminary survey of the collection revealed that the contents included a number of music manuscripts (symphonies, chamber music concerts and more), which were not known from the rest of the library’s major collection of Klenau works. The collection’s greatest and most interesting work was a major complete “Ninth Symphony” for orchestra, choir and four soloists in eight movements, for a Latin text with a mix of liturgical texts from the Catholic requiem and texts of unknown provenance.In 2005, the library succeeded in acquiring the collection and it was transferred to the Royal Library. Subsequently, the Danish Centre for Music Publication (DCM) organised a philological adaptation and published Symphony No. 9 for the purpose of the premier performance of the work, which duly took place 70 years after it was written, performed as a Thursday Concert in March 2014 and conducted by Michael Schønwandt.Klenau had worked in Germany as a composer and conductor in the 1920s and 1930s. He returned to Denmark in 1939 where he stayed for the rest of his life. Because of his extensive German background he did not receive high recognition in Danish music, despite the range and nature of his musical output. This was mainly because of his relationship with the Third Reich and Nazism, which affected his last years and his posthumous reputation.Symphony No. 9 was composed in the years 1944–45, and is a mix of requiem and a symphony, each in four movements. Due to the text, the work is both a traditional requiem and a requiem about the war. Both in its expression and in its length, it is probably the greatest symphony ever written by a Danish composer.The premier in 2014 received mixed reviews, and Klenau’s attitude to Nazism was discussed once again. The work was criticised for its eclectic character with its mix of late romantic forms of expression on the one side and its accomplished dodecaphonic passages on the other.The newly available Klenau collection from Vienna, including the treated Symphony No. 9, has nuanced and problematised Klenau’s position in Danish music history.

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