Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Tartrazine Using Titanium Dioxide

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasril Azuan Abdullah Hashim ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed ◽  
Keat Teong Lee

Perawatan air sisa semakin mendapat perhatian kebelakangan ini, sehingga menjurus kepada penemuan fotopemangkinan, satu kaedah alternatif perawatan air sisa yang berpotensi. Sehingga kini, banyak penyelidikan yang berkaitan dengan pemusnahan bahan pencemar organik tunggal telah dijalankan. Walau bagaimanapun, aplikasinya terhadap pendetoksifikasi sampel campuran bahan pencemar dengan tahap Jumlah Karbon Organik yang tinggi tidak dikaji secara menyeluruh. Walaupun terdapat banyak kaedah perawatan pada masa kini, kebanyakannya tidak memusnahkan bahan pencemar secara lengkap, tetapi hanya menyebabkan perubahan fasa atau pemusnahan bahan pencemar secara separa sahaja. Berbeza daripada kaedah perawatan yang lain, proses fotopemangkinan ialah teknologi bersih yang hanya menggunakan tenaga suria, air dan mangkin yang boleh digunakan semula bagi memusnahkan toksin atau bahan pencemar dalam air. Dalam proses fotopemangkinan, fotomangkin semikonduktor boleh diaktifkan hanya dengan menggunakan sinaran ultra lembayung (UV) daripada radiasi cahaya matahari. Fotomangkin yang telah diaktifkan akan menghasilkan radikal hidroksil yang berkebolehan untuk mendegradasikan bahan cemar. Dalam kajian ini, fotomangkin yang digunakan ialah titanium dioksida (TiO2) dan tartrazin dipilih sebagai bahan cemar. Tartrazin ialah sejenis pewarna yang banyak digunakan dalam industri makanan dan mudah larut dalam air. Pewarna sintetik ini boleh mengakibatkan kanser pada kepekatan yang tinggi. Uji kaji fotopemangkinan dijalankan dengan mengubah jumlah mangkin yang digunakan (0–1.5 g/L), kepekatan awal larutan pewarna (5–35 ppm), dan kadar aliran larutan pewarna (1.0–1.5 L/min). Larutan pewarna didedahkan kepada sinaran matahari selama dua jam. Keputusan uji kaji menunjukkan bahawa peratus degradasi pewarna yang tinggi boleh dicapai dengan menggunakan kombinasi sinaran cahaya dan TiO2. Jumlah mangkin optimum yang digunakan untuk proses degradasi pewarna ini ialah 1.0 g/L. Kepekatan asal pewarna tartrazin dan kadar aliran larutan tartrazin didapati mempengaruhi peratus degradasi pewarna. Kepekatan asal tartrazin yang lebih tinggi mengakibatkan kecekapan proses degradasi menurun, manakala kadar aliran larutan tartrazin yang lebih tinggi mengakibatkan kecekapan proses degradasi meningkat. Kata kunci: Foto-pemangkinan; mangkin TiO; tartrazin; pendetoksifikasi suria As wastewater treatments become more important nowadays, photocatalysis, an alternative wastewater treatment method, shows a promising potential. By now, many studies on the photocatalytic destruction of single organic contaminants have been carried out However, its application to the detoxification of samples of contaminants mixtures with high Total Organic Carbon levels has not been thoroughly investigated. Although presently many treatment methods are being used, most of them do not completely destroy the pollutants but only offer phase transfer or partial degradation of the pollutants. On the other hand, solar photocatalytic process is an exciting clean technology that uses only sunlight, water, and a reusable catalyst to remove toxins or pollutants from water. In a photocatalytic process, a semiconductor photocatalyst is activated with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun. The activated photocatalyst promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which in turn completely degrade the pollutants. In this study, the photocatalyst used was titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tartrazine was chosen as the pollutant. Tartrazine is one of the popular water soluble dyes used in food coloring industries but it is carcinogenic at high concentration. The photocatalytic experiments were conducted with varying catalyst loading (0-1.5 g/L), initial concentration (5-35 ppm), and flowrate of tartrazine solution (1.0-1.5 L/min). The dye solution was exposed to sunlight for about two hours. The experimental results showed that a considerable increase in the degradation efficiency of the tartrazine-compound could be obtained by a combination of TiO2 and solar light. The optimum catalyst weight loading for the degradation of tartrazine dye was found to be 1.0 g/L. The initial concentration of the tartrazine dye and flowrate of tartrazine solution were found to effect the degradation efficiency of the dye. Higher initial concentration resulted in lower degradation efficiencies, while higher tartrazine solution flowrate resulted in higher degradation efficiency. Key words: Photocatalytic; solar detoxification; tartrazine; TiO2 catalyst

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wyness ◽  
J. F. Klausner ◽  
D. Y. Goswami ◽  
K. S. Schanze

A solar photocatalytic oxidation facility has been fabricated in which the destruction of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) is tested in three adjacent shallow pond reactors. Each of the reactors has depths of 5.1, 10.2, and 15.3 cm (2, 4, and 6 in.), respectively. It is found that 4CP is successfully oxidized with the photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2), suspended in a slurry or adhered to a fiberglass mesh. The pond reactors, however, perform better with the slurry. It has also been found that the first-order rate constant for oxidation of 4CP increases with decreasing initial concentration. For the same incident ultraviolet (UV) intensity, catalyst loading, and initial solute concentration, the oxidation rate of 4CP is invariant provided the aperture to volume ratio is fixed. It has been determined that the 4CP solution contains sufficient dissolved oxygen to support the photocatalytic oxidation process. Direct evidence is provided to demonstrate that the utilization of photons in the photocatalytic process becomes less efficient as the number of incident photons on the catalyst increases.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Xuefei Zhou ◽  
Yanling Zhang

A novel non-photo-dependent semiconductor catalyst (CT) was employed to degrade phenol in the present pilot-scaled study. Effect of operational parameters such as phenol initial concentration, light area, and catalyst loading on phenol degradation, was compared between CT catalyst and the conventional photocatalyst titanium dioxide. CT catalyst excelled titanium dioxide in treating and mineralizing low-level phenol, under both mild UV radiation and thunder conditions of nonphoton. The result suggested that CT catalyst could be applied in circumstances when light is not easily accessible in pollutant-carrying media (e.g., particles, cloudy water, and colored water).


2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Toosi ◽  
Mohamad Hasan Peyravi ◽  
Jafar Sajadi ◽  
Mohamad J. Bayani ◽  
Hadi Manghabati

Abstract Using titanium dioxide, photocatalytic degradation of waste water polluted by commercial mercaptans (80% t-butyl mercaptan and 20% methyl ethyl sulfide) was investigated in a continuous photoreactor in the presence of UV irradiation. The reaction was performed at different pH of solution, intensity of irradiation, and initial concentration of odorant. Kinetics and mechanism of photocatalytic decomposition of mercaptans were studied by ex situ FTIR measurements of intermediates. The results showed that the photocatalytic process for degradation of mercaptans was an efficient method for mineralization of sulfur odorants in waste water. A proposed mechanism of mineralization of mercaptan was presented based on the results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafere Aga Bullo ◽  
Yigezu Mekonnen Bayisa ◽  
Mohammed Seid Bultum

Abstract This study presents, biosynthesis of calcinated eggshell (CES) doped with Titanium dioxide (TiO2,) photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater. The influence of three independent variables for improving photodegradation efficiency was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology of Box–Behnken Design on the removal of methylene blue using the calcined chicken eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide. The experimental result showed that 95.8% degradation efficiency of methylene blue by prepared photocatalyst at a contact time of 180 min, initial concentration of methylene blue of 10 ppm, and calcined eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide dose of 2.5 g/L. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer and UV–vis Spectroscopy for determined their functional group, structure, and bandgap energy respectively. Their results depict the calcined eggshell doped with titanium dioxide photocatalyst is a promising option for the degradation of methylene blue from industrial wastewater under the stated condition. Highlights Analysis of chicken eggshell wastes are being used as photocatalyst source to calcinated eggshell doped TiO2, i.e., ‘Waste to photocatalyst’ for production of viable sustainable products to bio photocatalyst from wastewater to fulfill the need of an expensive metal-doped catalyst. Photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue experiment has been done. The highest degradation efficiency of 95.8% methylene blue was obtained at a contact time of 180 min, 10 ppm of initial concentration of methylene blue, and a dopant dose of 2.5 g/L by using prepared photocatalyst.


1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Devlin ◽  
W.A. Gorman

Abstract The Gloucester Landfill is located near Ottawa, Ontario, on a northeast trending ridge of Quaternary age. The ridge comprises outwash sediments which make up two aquifer systems. A confined system exists next to bedrock, and is overlain by a silty-clayey stratum (the confining layer) which is, in turn, overlain by an unconfined aquifer system. Two independent volatile organic plumes have previously been identified at the landfill: the southeast plume, which has penetrated the confined aquifer system, and the northeast plume which is migrating in the unconfined aquifer. The distribution of volatile organic contaminants at the northeast plume site appears to be a function of two factors: (1) heterogeneities in the aquifer sediments are causing the channeling of contaminants through a narrow path; (2) the low fraction of organic carbon in the unconfined aquifer sediments at the northeast site is resulting in little retardation of the contaminants there, relative to those at the southeast site. Acetate was the only volatile fatty acid detected in the leachate. It was measurable only in areas where the volatile organic contamination was significant. Although methane was detected in the contaminated sediments, suggesting that microbial activity was present, the high concentration of acetate (>1000 ppm) which was detected down-gradient from the source area indicates that any biodegradation which is occurring is proceeding at a very slow rate.


Author(s):  
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi ◽  
Norfakhriah Jelani ◽  
Ahmad Zamani Ab Halim ◽  
Nor Hakimin Abdullah ◽  
Nurasmat Mohd Shukri

: The presence of relatively high naphthenic acid in crude oil may contribute to the major corrosion in oil pipelines and distillation units in crude oil refineries. Thus, high concentration Naphthenic Acids crude oil is considered tobe of low quality and is marketed at lower prices. In order to overcome this problem, neutralization method had been developed to reduce the TAN value in crude oil. In this study, crude oil from Petronas Penapisan Melaka was investigated. The parameters studied were reagent concentration, catalyst loading, calcination temperature and reusability of the potential catalyst. Basic chemical used were 2- methylimidazole in polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) with concentration 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. Cerium oxide-based catalysts supported onto alumina prepared with different calcination temperatures. The catalyst was characterized by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry Analysis-Differential Thermal Gravity (TGA-DTG) to study physical properties of the catalyst. The Ce/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 1000°C was the best catalyst due to larger surface area formation which lead to increment of active sites thus will boost the catalytic activity. The result showed that the Ce/Al2O3 catalyst meet Petronas requirement as the TAN value reduced to 0.6 mgKOH/g from original TAN value of 4.22 mgKOH/g. The best reduction of TAN was achieved by using catalyst loading of 0.39% and reagent of 1000 ppm.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-722
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Greenstein ◽  
Matthew R. Nagorzanski ◽  
Bailey Kelsay ◽  
Edgard M. Verdugo ◽  
Nosang V. Myung ◽  
...  

Electrospun carbon nanofibers with integrated titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used for water treatment in a photoactive membrane filtration system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1719 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
Voranuch Thongpool ◽  
Akapong Phunpueok ◽  
Sarawut Jaiyen ◽  
Nuchita Sukprasit

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