scholarly journals Role of Promoters in Hoisting the Catalytic Performance for Enhanced CO Methanation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain I. ◽  
Jalil A. A. ◽  
Mamat C. R. ◽  
Siang T. J. ◽  
Azami M. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Coal Resources ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Promising Source

The increasing demand of natural gas and its rising cost have urged some countries to take initiatives to fulfil their energy needs. The production of substituted natural gas (SNG) by syngas (CO + H2) from coal or biomass is one of the most effective methods. As a promising source of energy, SNG has attracted much attention on research and applications due to the high demand for environmental protection. It is regarded as a clean energy source and an effective method for the application of coal resources, particularly in the regions with abundant coal resources but scarce natural gas such as in China [1-3]. SNG has attracted increasing attention due to its lower emission of sulphur and particulate matter. SNG is expected to be one of the main energy sources of the 21st century. It is environmentally friendly and less costly, has high calorific value, complete combustion, and smoke free compared to other energy sources. It has significant importance for the industrial level and transportation sectors.

scholarly journals Energy Willow From Experimental Plantation as a Potentially Clean Energy Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Janas ◽  
Alicja Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Abstract Energy willow as a species with broad adaptation possibilities, large production capacity and a wide range of applications, takes a special place among the plants grown for energy production. In this work an analysis was conducted in respect of the usefulness of this type of wood from experimental plantations as a clean source of energy generated in the combustion process. The heat of combustion and net calorific value of dry matter of energy willow wood, including selected sorts and classes of thickness were determined. Energy willow has a natural ability to accumulate heavy metals which are oxidized during the combustion process or remain in the ash, and consequently repollute the environment. In order to determine the environmental impact the content of heavy metals was examined in energy willow wood and in the soil of the experimental plantation. Metal concentrations were determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method (AAS). Results of the tests confirmed a close relationship between the heat of combustion, calorific value and wood thickness as well as its location in the tree structure. Furthermore, very large differences were found in the content of heavy metals in the samples of both willow wood and soil. The levels of heavy metal content in the wood of energy willow determine the agricultural use of ashes produced during combustion.

scholarly journals Solar Energy Use in Dryers as an Alternative Energy Source in Agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela MILITARU ◽  
Elena POSTELNICU ◽  
Mihai CHIŢOIU ◽  
Valentin VLĂDUŢ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Solar energy represents one of the future energy sources with a high potential, used as an alternative to conventional methods, especially during summer. The advantages of using solar energy are multiple, this type of energy being virtually endless and free, and its use has no negative effects on the environment, being regarded as a clean energy source. Solar energy has multiple applications in agriculture, one of its benefits being that it is used for dryers as an alternative energy source, especially in regions with a high solar potential. In this paper different types of fruits and vegetable dryers, nationally and abroad are presented, as well as results obtained from different methods of solar dryers.

scholarly journals Briquetting of Dry Sugarcane Leaves by Using Press Mud, Cow Dung, and Buffalo Dung as Binders

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rahul A. Patil ◽  
Umesh B. Deshannavar ◽  
M. Ramasamy ◽  
Sampath Emani ◽  
Alibek Issakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Buffalo Dung

The world’s population is increasing rapidly. This means that energy consumption and demand for energy are also increasing at the same rate. It is estimated that energy will need to be provided to 9 to 10 billion people by 2040. India is a leading consumer of energy in the world. In particular, it consumes a large amount of oil and natural gas to fulfil its energy demand. Due to uncertainty in the supply of oil and natural gas and their prices as well as environmental pollution, there is a need to shift towards other energy sources. Biomass is one of the first energy sources with specific properties and abundant availability. Today, 10% to 14% of the world’s energy supply is provided by biomass sources. Using agricultural waste (biomass) to make briquettes to generate power can be an alternative solution to the problems related to their disposal and pollution. The present work investigates the optimum ratio of dry sugarcane leaves to binders and optimum load and selects the best binder (cow dung, buffalo dung, and press mud) for making high-quality briquettes. The physical parameters and proximate analysis of the dry sugarcane leaf briquettes with the cow dung, buffalo dung, and press mud binders are investigated. The dry sugarcane leaf briquettes with the cow dung binder have the highest gross calorific value, net calorific value, split tensile strength, tumbling resistance, shatter resistance, and energy density ratio (16262.31 kJ/kg, 15362.1 kJ/kg, 7.164 kN/m2, 87.84%, 12.75%, and 0.9296, respectively). The estimated results show that cow dung is a better binder for making high-quality dry sugarcane leaf briquettes than the buffalo dung and press mud binders.

scholarly journals Study on Geospatial Distribution of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Different Energy-Driven Heat Pumps Included in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Ignacio Martín Nieto ◽  
David Borge-Diez ◽  
Cristina Sáez Blázquez ◽  
Arturo Farfán Martín ◽  
Diego González-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Economic Point

This research work aims at a multinational study in Europe of the emissions and energy costs generated by the operation of low enthalpy geothermal systems, with heat pumps fed by different energy sources. From an economic point of view, natural gas and biogas prices are, usually, lower than electricity ones. So it may be advantageous to use these energy sources to feed the heat pumps instead of electricity. From the environmental point of view, it is intended to highlight the fact that under certain conditions of electricity production (electricity mix), more CO2 emissions are produced by electricity consumption than using other a priori less “clean” energy sources such as natural gas. To establish the countries where each of the different heat pumps may be more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, data from multi-source geospatial databases have been collected and analyzed. The results show that in the majority of cases, the electric heat pump is the most recommendable solution. However, there are some geographic locations (such as Poland and Estonia), where the gas engine heat pump may be a better alternative.

scholarly journals Electricity production from biogas in Serbia: Assessment of emissions reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1344
Author(s):  
Slobodan Cvetkovic ◽  
Tatjana Kaludjerovic-Radoicic ◽  
Rastislav Kragic ◽  
Mirjana Kijevcanin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Promising Source

Biogas represents a promising source for the production of clean energy. The objective of this paper was to quantify the potential for the reduction of emissions to the environment during the production of electricity from biogas in comparison with environmental effects of the production of the same amount of electricity from fossil resources (coal from Kolubara basin and natural gas). Basis for comparison of environmental impacts in this work was the annual production of electricity in biogas plants of the total capacity of 80 MW. This study has shown that the annual production of electricity from biogas power plants of 80 MW results in: substitution of up to 840 kt of coal from Kolubara basin and 123.2 million m3 of natural gas; reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases in the range of 491.16 kt - 604.97 kt CO2-eq, depending on the energy efficiency of the process of electricity production from biogas; reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases up to 92.37 kt CO2-eq compared to the use of natural gas for electricity generation.

The Robustness of Natural Gas Energy Supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Samaneh Akbari ◽  
Sanaz Tabasi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
National Level ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Expert Opinions

This article describes how affordability, acceptability, and reliability of energy supply are three important concerns for government. Due to the crude oil restrictions and its environmental impacts, a replacement of other energy sources has become more important in recent years. Natural gas is one of the replacements as a cleaner source with a more suitable calorific value than oil in comparison with other renewable energy sources. Therefore, utilization of natural gas as the main source of replacement strategies in the energy system has accelerated at the national level. However, the natural gas energy system is a complex system including different influencing and influenced variables that affect social and economic factors. This research has developed a system dynamics model to understand the complexity of the natural gas energy systems at the macro-level. The model shows the effective sub-systems of energy system with their related variables. It helps to predict the effective factors of an energy supply system based on statistics approaches. After that, three scenarios are defined based on expert opinions and the behaviors of the sub-systems in each scenario is analyzed. The approach also helps to understand unknown consequences of a decision or scenario in the energy system.

Laboratory Studies on Evaluation of Gasification Effect for Conversion of Coal Resources in Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Reactors

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa Qiang Su ◽  
Ken-ichi Itakura ◽  
Gota Deguchi ◽  
Koutarou Ohga ◽  
Tatsuhiko Goto
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Coal Resources ◽  
Clean Energy Technology ◽  
Hole Model ◽  
Coaxial Hole

Underground coal gasification (UCG) as a clean energy technology and efficient way for the conversion of the coal resources into energy in-situ has attracted wide public attention in recent years. Laboratory-scale experiments on coal blocks can provide significant insight into UCG process. The main goal of this study was evaluation of the gasification effect applying L-shape linking-hole and Coaxial-hole UCG models. Experimental results show the gas composition, AE activity and the temperature distribution inside the combustion reactors under similar operating parameters. Positive correlation was found between the temperature and cumulative AE events. The results shown that the gasification of L-shape linking-hole model obtained the average calorific value, as high as 11.3 MJ/m3, whereas in the Coaxial-hole model, the average calorific value of gas produced was only 5.79 MJ/m3under the experimental conditions. Even so, the results of conducted Coaxial-hole UCG experiment provide the original and sorely lacking data base for future new-style UCG research.

China's demand for natural gas: drivers and prospects

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Gas Consumption

Sustained economic growth in China has triggered a surge of energy and mineral consumption and imports, including natural gas. This study presents recent trends in China’s demand for natural gas in a global context and discusses its drivers and prospects. In the past decade, drivers of China’s demand for natural gas are mainly associated with its rapid economic growth, path of industrialisation and urbanisation. With more than 1.3 billion people and a rapidly rising income level, China’s demand for energy has surged. It is increasingly difficult for domestic production capacity to supply all of this demand, especially when China’s limited domestic reserves are considered. The prospect of potential growth in natural gas consumption and imports is expected not only due to China’s economic growth, but also a policy imperative (e.g. the 12th Five Year Plan) to increase the share of clean energy sources such as gas and efficient fuels in the energy supply mix, as well as improving energy intensity and other factors that will influence energy sector outcomes. It also establishes that LNG, in addition to pipeline supplied gas, is likely to be an important source of energy in China in the coming decade; therefore, due to rebalancing its energy mix and increasing the share of non-coal energy sources in China’s energy market, it is anticipated that China will be more dependent on overseas supply of natural gas to fill the gap between domestic production and consumption.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

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