scholarly journals Introduction to Systematic Reviews in Animal Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Sargeant ◽  
A. M. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Animal Agriculture

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF FEED ADDITIVES IN CANADIAN ANIMAL PRODUCTION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
T. F. SHARBY
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
And Control

Antibiotics have been used in animal feeds for almost 30 yr to improve growth, enhance feed efficiency, and control disease in birds and animals. In 1974 antibiotics used in animal feeds in Canada totalled 13.31 million dollars while those used in veterinary medicine totalled 28.8 million dollars. Antibiotics, sulfonamides and antibacterials used in human application that same year equalled 77.4 million dollars. Concerns regarding potential health hazards to humans with continued low-level antibiotic supplementation of animal feeds have resulted in a number of countries implementing or proposing more rigid legislation covering antibiotic use in animal agriculture. Possible consequences of such legislation being introduced in Canada are discussed.

scholarly journals Editorial: Systematic reviews reveal a need for more, better data to inform antimicrobial stewardship practices in animal agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Jan M. Sargeant ◽  
Annette M. O'Connor ◽  
Charlotte B. Winder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Completeness Of Reporting

AbstractThis editorial summarizes the key observations from a special issue of Animal Health Research Reviews comprising 14 articles related to the efficacy of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial approaches to reduce disease in beef, dairy cattle, swine, and broiler chickens. The articles used evidence-based methods, including scoping reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and network meta-analyses. Despite finding evidence of efficacy for some of the interventions examined, across the body of research, there was a lack of replication and inconsistency in outcomes among the included trials, and concerns related to completeness of reporting and trial design and execution. There is an urgent need for more and better data to inform antimicrobial stewardship practices in animal agriculture.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from dogs, pigs and their handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Metropolis, Kaduna State

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-16
Author(s):  
Oyeronke Olamide Okeniyi ◽  
Josiah Onaolapo ◽  
Rebecca Olajumoke Bolaji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Anterior Nare ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Animal Agriculture

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a critically important human pathogen that is also an emerging concern in veterinary medicine and animal agriculture. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from dogs, pigs, and their handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Metropolis, Kaduna State. Methods: A total of three (300) samples were obtained from the Skin, anus, and anterior nare of pigs, dogs, and hand swabs of their handlers in three (3) Communities; Buwaya, Gonin-Gora, Maraban Rido, all in Kaduna and Samaru, Zaria in Kaduna state. S. aureus was isolated and characterized using standard microbiological protocols. Results: The results revealed that one Hundred and Sixty-five (165) of the samples isolated were Staphylococcus after the samples were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Ninety-five (95) were confirmed to be Staphylococcus species after the Coagulase test was carried out. Further identification of the Ninety-five (95) isolates using the Microgen Staph-ID kit results revealed that 46(48.4%) of the isolates were S. aureus, 49 (51.5%) other species of Staphylococcus that were coagulase-positive but not S. aureus, like S. Intermedius 6(6.3 %,) S. hyicus 4(4.2%). The coagulase-negative isolates consists of S.xylosus 27 (28.4%), S.chromogenes 8 (8.4 %), S. hominis 4(4.2%). Conclusion: the results of the present study calls for public health concern because of the health risk associated with colonization of individuals with Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: a rapid evidence assessment of stakeholder practices and beliefs

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (19) ◽  
pp. 510-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Hockenhull ◽  
Andrea E Turner ◽  
Kristen K Reyher ◽  
David C Barrett ◽  
Laura Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Pressure

Food-producing animals throughout the world are likely to be exposed to antimicrobial (AM) treatment. The crossover in AM use between human and veterinary medicine raises concerns that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may spread from food-producing animals to humans, driving the need for further understanding of how AMs are used in livestock practice as well as stakeholder beliefs relating to their use. A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was used to collate research on AM use published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2016. Forty-eight papers were identified and reviewed. The summary of findings highlights a number of issues regarding current knowledge of the use of AMs in food-producing animals and explores the attitudes of interested parties regarding the reduction of AM use in livestock. Variation between and within countries, production types and individual farms demonstrates the complexity of the challenge involved in monitoring and regulating AM use in animal agriculture. Many factors that could influence the prevalence of AMR in livestock are of concern across all sections of the livestock industry. This REA highlights the potential role of farmers and veterinarians and of other advisors, public pressure and legislation to influence change in the use of AMs in livestock.

scholarly journals Comparison of veterinary drugs and veterinary homeopathy: part 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (8) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lees ◽  
L. Pelligand ◽  
M. Whiting ◽  
D. Chambers ◽  
P-L. Toutain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Clinical Trial Results

Part 2 of this narrative review outlines the theoretical and practical bases for assessing the efficacy and effectiveness of conventional medicines and homeopathic products. Known and postulated mechanisms of action are critically reviewed. The evidence for clinical efficacy of products in both categories, in the form of practitioner experience, meta-analysis and systematic reviews of clinical trial results, is discussed. The review also addresses problems and pitfalls in assessing data, and the ethical and negative aspects of pharmacology and homeopathy in veterinary medicine.

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