scholarly journals Non‐target‐site mechanism of glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum )

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Kurata ◽  
Yuki Niinomi ◽  
Yoshiko Shimono ◽  
Masahiro Miyashita ◽  
Tohru Tominaga
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Italian Ryegrass

scholarly journals Strategies to manage the evolution of glyphosate resistance in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
M.D. Parker ◽  
H. Ghanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Sustainable Farming

The first cases of weeds developing resistance to glyphosate within New Zealand have recently been reported and investigated Both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations have become resistant to glyphosate in several Marlborough vineyards due to many years of weed control using mainly just glyphosate Glyphosate is currently being used in many situations throughout New Zealand that could easily lead to further resistance developing such as in other perennial fruit crops on roadsides railways amenity areas waste areas fence lines and headlands of crops Following wide consultation as part of a Sustainable Farming Fund project strategies for resistance management in three systems (vineyard and orchards amenity and waste areas and crops and pastures) are suggested Adoption of these strategies will allow glyphosate to continue as a useful herbicide in New Zealand

scholarly journals Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghanizadeh ◽  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
D.J. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Two Populations

Plants were obtained from two populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and three populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from different vineyards in Marlborough and Nelson that were suspected of being resistant to glyphosate following many consecutive applications of this herbicide over recent years Each population was multiplied by splitting out tillers and this was also done for plants taken from a population of each species from Manawatu pastures where they had not been exposed to glyphosate application A doseresponse experiment showed that four populations taken from the vineyards were about 10 times as resistant to glyphosate as those plants that had not been previously exposed to the herbicide The experiment was repeated and showed one perennial ryegrass population to have a 30fold level of resistance These are the first confirmed cases of glyphosate resistance within New Zealand

Mechanisms of Resistance to Glyphosate in a Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Biotype from Chile

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Michitte ◽  
Rafael De Prado ◽  
Nelson Espinoza ◽  
Juan Pedro Ruiz-Santaella ◽  
Christian Gauvrit
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Target Enzyme

Glyphosate behavior was examined in Italian ryegrass plants from Chile that were sensitive (S) and resistant (R) to this herbicide. In order to explain the resistance to glyphosate, contact angles, spray retention, foliar uptake, herbicide translocation, and target enzyme activity were studied. Contact angles of glyphosate solutions at a field concentration were 40° to 45° on the abaxial surface of R leaves as compared to 70° on S. Glyphosate spray retention by R plants was 35% lower than by S plants. Glyphosate uptake by the abaxial leaf surface of R plants was about 40% lower than that of S plants. In addition, in the R plants more glyphosate migrated to the tip of the treated leaves. The target enzyme in R and S plants was sensitive to the herbicide. Based on these and previous results, it is concluded that resistance in this Italian ryegrass biotype results from lower spray retention, lower foliar uptake from the abaxial leaf surface, and altered translocation pattern. The decreases in spray retention and foliar uptake constitute new mechanisms of glyphosate resistance.

A Decade of Glyphosate-ResistantLoliumaround the World: Mechanisms, Genes, Fitness, and Agronomic Management

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Preston ◽  
Angela M. Wakelin ◽  
Fleur C. Dolman ◽  
Yazid Bostamam ◽  
Peter Boutsalis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Translocation Mechanism ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Glyphosate resistance was first discovered in populations of rigid ryegrass in Australia in 1996. Since then, glyphosate resistance has been detected in additional populations of rigid ryegrass and Italian ryegrass in several other countries. Glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass and Italian ryegrass have been selected in situations where there is an overreliance on glyphosate to the exclusion of other weed control tactics. Two major mechanisms of glyphosate resistance have been discovered in these two species: a change in the pattern of glyphosate translocation such that glyphosate accumulates in the leaf tips of resistant plants instead of in the shoot meristem; and amino acid substitutions at Pro 106 within the target site, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). There are also populations with both mechanisms. In the case of glyphosate resistance, the target site mutations tend to provide a lower level of resistance than does the altered translocation mechanism. Each of these resistance mechanisms is inherited as a single gene trait that is largely dominant. As these ryegrass species are obligate outcrossers, this ensures resistance alleles can move in both pollen and seed. Some glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass populations appear to have a significant fitness penalty associated with the resistance allele. Field surveys show that strategies vary in their ability to reduce the frequency of glyphosate resistance in populations and weed population size, with integrated strategies—including alternative weed management and controlling seed set of surviving plants—the most effective.

scholarly journals First Detection and Characterization of Cross- and Multiple Resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase)- and Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibiting Herbicides in Black-Grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Populations from Ireland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan ◽  
Patrick D Forristal ◽  
Sarah K Cook ◽  
David Schilder ◽  
Jimmy Staples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Target Site Resistance

Understanding the resistance spectrum and underlying genetic mechanisms is critical for managing herbicide-resistant populations. In this study, resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors was investigated in four suspected resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY-001 to ALOMY-004) and Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU-001 to LOLMU-004), collected from cereal production fields in Ireland. Glasshouse assays with three ALOMY-active herbicides [propaquizafop, cycloxydim (ACCase) and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (ALS)] or five LOLMU-active herbicides [pinoxaden, propaquizafop, cycloxydim (ACCase) and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam (ALS)], and target-site resistance mechanism studies, based on pyrosequencing, were carried out in each of those populations. For A. myosuroides, Ile-1781-Leu ACCase mutation contributed to propaquizafop and cycloxydim resistance (shoot dry weight GR50 resistance factor (RF) = 7.5–35.5) in all ALOMY populations, and the independent Pro-197-Thr or Pro-197-Ser ALS mutation contributed to mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron resistance (RF = 3.6–6.6), in ALOMY-002 to ALOMY-004. Most of the analyzed plants for these mutations were homo/heterozygous combinations or only heterozygous. For L. multiflorum, phenotypic resistance to mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (RF = 11.9–14.6) and pyroxsulam (RF = 2.3–3.1) was noted in all LOLMU populations, but the Pro-197-Gln or Pro-197-Leu ALS mutation (mostly in homozygous status) was identified in LOLMU-001, LOLMU-002 and LOLMU-004 only. Additionally, despite no known ACCase mutations in any LOLMU populations, LOLMU-002 survived pinoxaden and propaquizafop application (RF = 3.4 or 1.3), and LOLMU-003 survived pinoxaden (RF = 2.3), suggesting the possibility of non-target-site resistance mechanisms for ACCase and/or ALS resistance in these populations. Different resistance levels, as evidenced by a reduction in growth as dose increased above field rates in ALOMY and LOLMU, were due to variations in mutation rate and the level of heterozygosity, resulting in an overall resistance rating of low to moderate. This is the first study confirming cross- and multiple resistance to ACCase- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, highlighting that resistance monitoring in A. myosuroides and L. multiflorum in Ireland is critical, and the adoption of integrated weed management strategies (chemical and non-chemical/cultural strategies) is essential.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Target Genes Involved in Glyphosate-Resistance Mechanism in Lolium multiflorum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Cristiano Piasecki ◽  
Daiane P. Benemann ◽  
Frederico S. Kremer ◽  
Vanessa Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Candidate Target

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; LOLMU) is one of the most troublesome weeds in temperate regions in the world. This weed species interfere with wheat, corn, rye, and oat, causing significant crop yield losses. This species has evolved glyphosate resistance, making it difficult to control. The mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown, and an understanding thereof will favor the development of new strategies of management. The present study is the first transcriptome study in LOLMU using glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes, aiming to identify and to provide a list of the candidate target genes related to glyphosate resistance mechanism. The transcriptome was assembled de novo, producing 87,433 contigs with an N50 of 740 bp and an average length of 575 bp. There were 92 and 54 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively, in the resistant biotype, while a total of 1683 were differentially expressed in the sensitive biotype in response to glyphosate treatment. We selected 14 highly induced genes and seven with repressed expression in the resistant biotype in response to glyphosate. Of these genes, a significant proportion were related to the plasma membrane, indicating that there is a barrier making it difficult for glyphosate to enter the cell.

Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in California: Distribution, Response to Glyphosate, and Molecular Evidence for an Altered Target Enzyme

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jasieniuk ◽  
Riaz Ahmad ◽  
Anna M. Sherwood ◽  
Jeffrey L. Firestone ◽  
Alejandro Perez-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Target Enzyme

Selection by herbicides has resulted in widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in agricultural weeds. In California, resistance to glyphosate was first confirmed in rigid ryegrass in 1998. Objectives of this study were to determine the current distribution and level of glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass, and to assess whether resistance could be due to an altered target site. Seeds were sampled from 118 populations and seedlings were treated with glyphosate at 866 g ae ha−1. Percentage of survivors ranged from 5 to 95% in 54 populations. All plants from 64 populations died. One susceptible (S) population, four putatively resistant (R) populations, and one S accession from Oregon were used for pot dose–response experiments, shikimic acid analyses, and DNA sequencing. Seedlings were treated with glyphosate at eight rates, ranging from 108 to 13,856 g ae ha−1. Shoot biomass was evaluated 3 wk after treatment and fit to a log-logistic regression equation. On the basis of GR50(herbicide rate required to reduce growth by 50%) values, seedlings from putatively R populations were roughly two to 15 times more resistant to glyphosate than S plants. Shikimic acid accumulation was similar in all plants before glyphosate treatment, but at 4 and 7 DAT, S plants from California and Oregon accumulated approximately two and three times more shikimic acid, respectively, than R plants. Sequencing of a cDNA fragment of the EPSPS coding region revealed two different codons, both of which encode proline at amino acid position 106 in S individuals. In contrast, all R plants sequenced exhibited missense mutations at site 106. Plants from one population revealed a mutation resulting in a proline to serine substitution. Plants from three R populations exhibited a mutation corresponding to replacement of proline with alanine. Our results indicate that glyphosate resistance is widespread in Italian ryegrass populations of California, and that resistance is likely due to an altered target enzyme.

Influence of weed management measures on glyphosate resistance and endophyte infection in naturalized Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum )

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani ◽  
Yuki Tanno ◽  
Masayuki Yamashita ◽  
Hiroyuki Tobina ◽  
Minoru Ichihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Endophyte Infection

Inhibitory effects of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J Jang ◽  
K.R. Kim ◽  
Y.B. Yun ◽  
S.S. Kim ◽  
Y.I Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibitory Effects
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