High prevalence of weak D type 42 in a large‐scale RHD genotyping program in the province of Quebec (Canada)

Transfusion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel André Leiva‐Torres ◽  
Marie‐Claire Chevrier ◽  
Jessica Constanzo‐Yanez ◽  
Antoine Lewin ◽  
Josée Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Tu1497 NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN HIGH PREVALENCE OF GASTRIC CANCER COUNTRY (BHUTAN): A LARGE-SCALE COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. AB591-AB592
Author(s):  
Ratha-Korn Vilaichone ◽  
Natsuda Aumpan ◽  
Tomohisa Uchida ◽  
Thawee Ratanachu-ek ◽  
Lotay Tshering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals High prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in Taiwan revealed by large-scale serological survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Cheng YANG ◽  
Hui-Yu CHEN ◽  
Chi-Young WANG ◽  
Hung-Yu PAN ◽  
Cheng-Wei WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
High Prevalence

The effects of timbre on absolute pitch judgment

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Test Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Very High

This article reports the high prevalence of Absolute Pitch (AP) among students at Shanghai Conservatory of Music and explores the effects of timbre on AP judgment through a large-scale direct-test study. This study used two types of timbres (piano timbre and string timbre) to explore the correlation between the different types of timbre and note-naming accuracy. The participants included 71 undergraduate students majoring in piano and string at Shanghai Conservatory of Music, who had begun musical training at an age ⩽ 9 and focused on Western tonal music. The main results showed that the overall performance levels were very high and that the students scored 73% correct without semitone errors and 80% with semitone errors. All groups exhibited higher performance in judging pitches in piano timbre than string timbre. In addition, after listening to piano timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in string timbre was significantly increased, and after listening to string timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in piano timbre decreased but not significantly.

scholarly journals Sheep Brucellosis in Kuwait: A Large-Scale Serosurvey, Identification of Brucella Species and Zoonotic Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Al-Sherida ◽  
Adel H. El-Gohary ◽  
Amro Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
Gamal Wareth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combined Action

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease of major concern in humans of Kuwait, and B. melitensis causes most human cases. The disease is endemic in small ruminants, cattle, and camels for decades, causing substantial economic losses in livestock production. However, a nationwide large-scale investigation of brucellosis in the small ruminant population has not been done in the past two decades. A serosurvey of sheep brucellosis in the five districts of Kuwait with most animal production farms was done between 2016 and 2019. In total, 67,054 serum samples from 233 sheep herds were collected and tested. Additionally, milk and tissue samples were collected from 46 seropositive cases for bacteriology. Thirty persons from seven seropositive farms were tested by serology. The incidence of seropositive cases was 7% in districts devoid of vaccination, while it was 4.7% in farms with history of vaccination. The serosurvey revealed that 89% of non-vaccinated herds (n = 181) were seropositive by Rose Bengal test (RBT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Prevalence of 100% was reported for non-vaccinated sheep herds from Al-Wafrah and Al-Jahra districts, followed by those from Al-Salmi (88.24%), Al-Abdali (86.7%) and Kabd (75.6%). Implementation of vaccination with B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine and test-and-slaughters in 20 herds reduced the seroprevalence to 33.3% and 25% in herds from Al-Jahra and AL-Wafrah, respectively. B. melitensis was isolated from 20 samples (43.5%). More than half of the examined animal owners (56.6%) tested positive for Brucella using RBT, BAPAT and CFT. The high numbers of infected herds and high prevalence in herdsmen are alarming. Thus, control measures have to be ensured immediately. The epidemiological situation in Kuwait is similar to those of the neighboring countries and the combined action of these states is needed. The understanding of the economic and public health impact of brucellosis in Kuwait needs to grow.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Everyday Discrimination and Relation with Wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6577
Author(s):  
Katherine Thurber ◽  
Emily Colonna ◽  
Roxanne Jones ◽  
Gilbert Gee ◽  
Naomi Priest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

Discrimination is a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. However, despite the high prevalence of discrimination exposure, there is limited evidence specific to Indigenous populations on the link between discrimination and health. This study employs a validated measure to quantify experiences of everyday discrimination in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Australia’s Indigenous peoples) adults surveyed from 2018 to 2020 (≥16 years, n = 8108). It quantifies Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for wellbeing outcomes by level of discrimination exposure, and tests if associations vary by attribution of discrimination to Indigeneity. Of the participants, 41.5% reported no discrimination, 47.5% low, and 11.0% moderate-high. Discrimination was more commonly reported by younger versus older participants, females versus males, and those living in remote versus urban or regional areas. Discrimination was significantly associated in a dose-response manner, with measures of social and emotional wellbeing, culture and identity, health behaviour, and health outcomes. The strength of the association varied across outcomes, from a 10–20% increased prevalence for some outcomes (e.g., disconnection from culture (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14), and high blood pressure (1.20; 1.09, 1.32)), to a five-fold prevalence of alcohol dependence (4.96; 3.64, 6.76), for those with moderate-high versus no discrimination exposure. The association was of consistent strength and direction whether attributed to Indigeneity or not—with three exceptions. Discrimination is associated with a broad range of poor wellbeing outcomes in this large-scale, national, diverse cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. These findings support the vast potential to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ wellbeing, and to reduce Indigenous-non-Indigenous inequities, by reducing exposure to discrimination.

Mental Health of a Police Force: Estimating Prevalence of Work-Related Depression in Australia without a Direct National Measure

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina J. Lawson ◽  
John J. Rodwell ◽  
Andrew J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Work Related ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
National Measure

The risk of work-related depression in Australia was estimated based on a survey of 631 police officers. Psychological wellbeing and psychological distress items were mapped onto a measure of depression to identify optimal cutoff points. Based on a sample of police officers, Australian workers, in general, are at risk of depression when general psychological wellbeing is considerably compromised. Large-scale estimation of work-related depression in the broader population of employed persons in Australia is reasonable. The relatively high prevalence of depression among police officers emphasizes the need to examine prevalence rates of depression among Australian employees.

scholarly journals High prevalence of intestinal parasite infestations among stunted and control children aged 2 to 5 years old in two neighborhoods of Antananarivo, Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009333
Author(s):  
Azimdine Habib ◽  
Lova Andrianonimiadana ◽  
Maheninasy Rakotondrainipiana ◽  
Prisca Andriantsalama ◽  
Ravaka Randriamparany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Background This study aimed to compare the prevalence of intestinal parasite infestations (IPIs) in stunted children, compared to control children, in Ankasina and Andranomanalina Isotry (two disadvantaged neighborhoods of Antananarivo, Madagascar), to characterize associated risk factors and to compare IPI detection by real-time PCR and standard microscopy techniques. Methodology/Principal findings Fecal samples were collected from a total of 410 children (171 stunted and 239 control) aged 2–5 years. A single stool sample per subject was examined by simple merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde (MIF), Kato-Katz smear and real-time PCR techniques. A total of 96.3% of the children were infested with at least one intestinal parasite. The most prevalent parasites were Giardia intestinalis (79.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (68.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (68.0%). For all parasites studied, real-time PCR showed higher detection rates compared to microscopy (G. intestinalis [77.6% (n = 318) versus 20.9% (n = 86)], Entamoeba histolytica [15.8% (n = 65) versus 1.9% (n = 8)] and A. lumbricoides [64.1% (n = 263) versus 50.7% (n = 208)]). Among the different variables assessed in the study, age of 4 to 5 years (AOR = 4.61; 95% CI, (1.35–15.77)) and primary and secondary educational level of the mother (AOR = 12.59; 95% CI, (2.76–57.47); AOR = 9.17; 95% CI, (2.12–39.71), respectively) were significantly associated with IPIs. Children drinking untreated water was associated with infestation with G. intestinalis (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI, (1.1–3.09)) and E. histolytica (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI, (1.07–3.38)). E. histolytica was also associated with moderately stunted children (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.2–0.71). Similarly, children aged between 4 and 5 years (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI (2.04–5.01)) and living on noncemented soil types (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI, (1.18–2.09)) were associated with T. trichiura infestation. Conclusions/Significance The prevalence of IPIs is substantial in the studied areas in both stunted and control children, despite the large-scale drug administration of antiparasitic drugs in the country. This high prevalence of IPIs warrants further investigation. Improved health education, environmental sanitation and quality of water sources should be provided.

scholarly journals Large-scale whole genome sequencing of M. tuberculosis provides insights into transmission in a high prevalence area

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Guerra-Assunção ◽  
AC Crampin ◽  
RMGJ Houben ◽  
T Mzembe ◽  
K Mallard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pathogen Variation ◽  
Lineage 2

To improve understanding of the factors influencing tuberculosis transmission and the role of pathogen variation, we sequenced all available specimens from patients diagnosed over 15 years in a whole district in Malawi. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages were assigned and transmission networks constructed, allowing ≤10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) difference. We defined disease as due to recent infection if the network-determined source was within 5 years, and assessed transmissibility from forward transmissions resulting in disease. High-quality sequences were available for 1687 disease episodes (72% of all culture-positive episodes): 66% of patients linked to at least one other patient. The between-patient mutation rate was 0.26 SNPs/year (95% CI 0.21–0.31). We showed striking differences by lineage in the proportion of disease due to recent transmission and in transmissibility (highest for lineage-2 and lowest for lineage-1) that were not confounded by immigration, HIV status or drug resistance. Transmissions resulting in disease decreased markedly over time.

scholarly journals High cases of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections in a suburban population of Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence A. Umunnakwe ◽  
Emmanuel T. Idowu ◽  
Olusola Ajibaye ◽  
Blessed Etoketim ◽  
Samuel Akindele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract Background Asymptomatic malaria parasites are significant sources of infections for onward malaria transmission. Conventional tools for malaria diagnosis such as microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kits (RDT) have relatively low sensitivity, hence the need for alternative tools for active screening of such low-density infections. Methods This study tested var acidic terminal sequence-based (varATS) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for screening asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections among dwellers of a sub-urban community in Lagos, Nigeria. Clinically healthy participants were screened for malaria using microscopy, RDT and varATS qPCR techniques. Participants were stratified into three age groups: 1–5, 6–14 and > 14 years old. Results Of the 316 participants screened for asymptomatic malaria infection, 78 (24.68%) were positive by microscopy, 99 (31.33%) were positive by RDT and 112 (35.44%) by varATS qPCR. Participants aged 6–14 years had the highest prevalence of asymptomatic malaria, with geometric means of ~ 116 parasites/µL and ~ 6689 parasites/µL as detected by microscopy and varATS, respectively. Conclusion This study has revealed high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in the study population, with varATS detecting additional sub-microscopic infections. The highest concentration of asymptomatic malaria was observed among school-age children between 6 and 14 years old. A large-scale screening to identify other potential hotspots of asymptomatic parasites in the country is recommended.

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