scholarly journals Platelet transfusion therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: bacterial contamination, recipient characteristics, and acute transfusion reactions

Transfusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hume ◽  
Henry Ddungu ◽  
Racheal Angom ◽  
Hannington Baluku ◽  
Henry Kajumbula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Targeting the Risks of Specific Antiplatelet Alloimmunization in the Populations of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4091-4091
Author(s):  
Cecile Kaplan-Gouet ◽  
Andre Bigot ◽  
Gisele Imandy ◽  
Ferdinand M’Bayo ◽  
Hoa B. Khanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Population Migrations ◽  
Vietnamese Population ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract As specific antiplatelet alloimmunization directed against Human Platelet Antigens (HPA) during pregnancy or after platelet transfusion is not a rare event, this study aims at identifying such a risk in the context of the diversity caused by the population migrations we see today in our hospitals and particularly in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA), south East Asia and Polynesian populations. Samples were collected from 155 Beninese, 118 Cameroonian, 96 Congolese (Kinshasa), 107 Vietnamese and 81 Polynesian Ma’ohis, all unrelated, healthy blood donors. DNA was extracted by salting out method and the platelet genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP. We did not observe any significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. As opposed to Caucasian populations, the risk of anti HPA-1a alloimmunization is extremely low, due to the absence, or at least the low frequencies of HPA-1 b homozygous individuals in these populations (Cameroon 0.8 % and Benin 1.3 %). An important risk could be associated with HPA-2 immunization in the SSA population, as we observed a relatively high frequency of HPA-2b homozygous individuals. Moreover we noted the frequency of HPA-3b homozygous to be between 11 and 24%. Given that, as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) caused by anti HPA-3a or 3b is similar in severity to disease caused by incompatibility of HPA-1a, this risk should not be ignored particularly in the Vietnamese population with 24.3 % of HPA3b homozygous. We noted the absence of HPA-4b allele. Finally, in contrast to the frequency of HPA-6 heterozygous in the Polynesian population (17%), we do not observe HPA-6b homozygous individuals, suggesting a small risk for that antigen to be implicated in alloimmunization. The repartition of HPA-15 alleles is heterogeneous in these populations. In conclusion: HPA-2 alloimmunization in SSA populations should be identified for platelet transfusion refractoriness or NAIT, similarly for HPA-3 especially in the Vietnamese population and to a lesser degree, HPA-5 in the Cameroon and in the Congo. Genotype frequencies HPA-1 HPA-2 HPA-3 HPA-5 HPA-6 HPA-15 bb ...ab ↑bb ...ab ↑bb ...ab ↑bb ↑ ...ab bb ↑ ...ab bb Viet Nam 0.0 ↑ 09.4 0.0 54. ↑24.3 05.6 ↑0.0 02.8 ↑0 ↑ 57.0 24.3 Polynesia 0.0 ↑ 16.3 0.0 ↑ 37.5 18.7 05. ↑0.0 ↑ 17.1 0 ↑ 52.4 28.4 Benin 1.3 ↑ 44.8 7.1 42.8 ↑11.1 34.1 ↑0.8 0.00 ↑0 ↑ 41.6 14.1 Cameroon 0.8 32.7 ↑7.8 ↑ 50.8 13.1 29.8 ↑6.4 ↑ 0.00 0 ↑ 41.2 10.9 Congo 0.0 40.0 ↑2.5 49. ↑18.6 45.2 ↑4.1 ↑ 0.00 0 ↑ 43.8 05.5

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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