scholarly journals Oviposition by Spodoptera exigua on Nicotiana attenuata primes induced plant defence against larval herbivory

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bandoly ◽  
Monika Hilker ◽  
Anke Steppuhn
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Induced Plant Defence

scholarly journals Review: Warfare with odours

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
V. Benno Meyer-Rochow
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Induced Plant Defence

Insect-plant Interactions and Induced Plant Defence (Novartis Foundation Symposium 223). Editors: Derek J. Chadwick (organizer) and Jamie A. Goode (1999). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, England. 281 pp.

scholarly journals Submergence deactivates wound-induced plant defence against herbivores

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jun Lee ◽  
Ji-Sun Park ◽  
Seung Yong Shin ◽  
Sang-Gyu Kim ◽  
Gisuk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Locus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wound Responses ◽  
Induced Plant Defence ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Abstract Flooding is a common and critical disaster in agriculture, because it causes defects in plant growth and even crop loss. An increase in herbivore populations is often observed after floods, which leads to additional damage to the plants. Although molecular mechanisms underlying the plant responses to flooding have been identified, how plant defence systems are affected by flooding remains poorly understood. Herein, we show that submergence deactivates wound-induced defence against herbivore attack in Arabidopsis thaliana. Submergence rapidly suppressed the wound-induced expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes, resulting in reduced JA accumulation. While plants exposed to hypoxia in argon gas exhibited similar reduced wound responses, the inhibitory effects were initiated after short-term submergence without signs for lack of oxygen. Instead, expression of ethylene-responsive genes was increased after short-term submergence. Blocking ethylene signalling by ein2-1 mutation partially restored suppressed expression of several wound-responsive genes by submergence. In addition, submergence rapidly removed active markers of histone modifications at a gene locus involved in JA biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that submergence inactivates defence systems of plants, which would explain the proliferation of herbivores after flooding.

scholarly journals DIVERSIFICATION OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS AS PLANT DEFENCE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON Spodoptera exigua CELL LINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Tri Rini Nuringtyas ◽  
N R Mustafa ◽  
P P J Mulder ◽  
K A Leiss ◽  
P G L Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Jacobaea Vulgaris ◽  
Base Form

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are part of the constitutive chemical defence against herbivores. PA composition in plants is strongly determined by the environment, mostly in an unpredictable way. In this study the ability of different Jacobaea tissue cultures types including shoot, root and complete plants to produce and diversify PAs was evaluated. Jacobaea vulgaris, Jacobaea aquatica and three hybrids of a cross were used representing different genotypes. The cultures were harvested after nine weeks and PA content was measured using LC-MS/MS. We observed that not only roots, as known so far, but also shoots were able to synthesise de-novo PAs. Significant differences in total concentration of PAs were observed with the lowest concentration in the roots, followed by shoots and the highest concentration in complete plants. Evaluation of PA composition showed that senecionine- and otosenine-like PAs were present in both roots and shoots while next to senecionine-like PAs, jacobine- and erucifoline-like PAs occurred in the shoots and complete plants. Among these PAs, jacobine and erucifoline are the most effective against insect herbivores as indicated by correlative studies. In this way, the above-ground plants that suffer from herbivore attack are better defended. To test this, the two PAs and other commercially available senecionine­like PAs including, senecionine, seneciphylline, retrorsine, and senkirkine were tested as free base and N-oxide forms. A range of concentrations from 0 70 ppm was added to Spodoptera exigua cell line. The result showed jacobine and erucifoline appeared to be the most toxic PAs proving their major role in plant defence against generalist herbivores. Senkirkine and seneciphylline showed a lower toxicity than jacobine and erucifoline but higher than retrorsine. Senecionine was not toxic at the tested concentrations. In all toxic PAs the free base form was more toxic than the N-oxide form. The results obtained give us an insight in what plant organs PAs are produced and how there are distributed over different plant organs, that have great relevance to understand their role in plant defense.Keywords: Jacobaea, Spodoptera exigua, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, diversification, toxicity.

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