scholarly journals Extending the Reach of Tooling Theory: A Neurocognitive and Phylogenetic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. D. Colbourne ◽  
Alice M. I. Auersperg ◽  
Megan L. Lambert ◽  
Ludwig Huber ◽  
Christoph J. Völter
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Perspective

scholarly journals Towards a Natural Classification of Hyphodontia Sensu Lato and the Trait Evolution of Basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Wang ◽  
Tom W. May ◽  
Shi-Liang Liu ◽  
Li-Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
First Time

Hyphodontia sensu lato, belonging to Hymenochaetales, accommodates corticioid wood-inhabiting basidiomycetous fungi with resupinate basidiocarps and diverse hymenophoral characters. Species diversity of Hyphodontia sensu lato has been extensively explored worldwide, but in previous studies the six accepted genera in Hyphodontia sensu lato, viz. Fasciodontia, Hastodontia, Hyphodontia, Kneiffiella, Lyomyces and Xylodon were not all strongly supported from a phylogenetic perspective. Moreover, the relationships among these six genera in Hyphodontia sensu lato and other lineages within Hymenochaetales are not clear. In this study, we performed comprehensive phylogenetic analyses on the basis of multiple loci. For the first time, the independence of each of the six genera receives strong phylogenetic support. The six genera are separated in four clades within Hymenochaetales: Fasciodontia, Lyomyces and Xylodon are accepted as members of a previously known family Schizoporaceae, Kneiffiella and Hyphodontia are, respectively, placed in two monotypic families, viz. a previous name Chaetoporellaceae and a newly introduced name Hyphodontiaceae, and Hastodontia is considered to be a genus with an uncertain taxonomic position at the family rank within Hymenochaetales. The three families emerged between 61.51 and 195.87 million years ago. Compared to other families in the Hymenochaetales, these ages are more or less similar to those of Coltriciaceae, Hymenochaetaceae and Oxyporaceae, but much older than those of the two families Neoantrodiellaceae and Nigrofomitaceae. In regard to species, two, one, three and 10 species are newly described from Hyphodontia, Kneiffiella, Lyomyces and Xylodon, respectively. The taxonomic status of additional 30 species names from these four genera is briefly discussed; an epitype is designated for X. australis. The resupinate habit and poroid hymenophoral configuration were evaluated as the ancestral state of basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales. The resupinate habit mainly remains, while the hymenophoral configuration mainly evolves to the grandinioid-odontioid state and also back to the poroid state at the family level. Generally, a taxonomic framework for Hymenochaetales with an emphasis on members belonging to Hyphodontia sensu lato is constructed, and trait evolution of basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales is revealed accordingly.

Grammothele hainanensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) and related species from Hainan, southern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANG WU ◽  
LI-WEI ZHOU ◽  
XIAO-HONG JI ◽  
XUE-MEI TIAN ◽  
SHUANG-HUI HE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Pore Surface ◽  
Corticioid Fungi ◽  
Hyphal System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Morphological Differences

Grammothele and Theleporus have a shallow pore surface, which makes them morphologically close to corticioid fungi. However, from a phylogenetic perspective, they are polyphyletic genera within the core polyporoid clade of the Polyporales. Eight specimens with a shallow pore surface from Hainan, southern China, were morphologically and phylogenetically studied. Among them, one was determined as Grammothele denticulata, four were identified as Theleporus membranaceus, and three are described as Grammothele hainanensis. G. hainanensis is characterized by the annual and resupinate basidiocarps with poroid to irpicoid hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and weakly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidioles, hyphal pegs and dendrohyphidia, and cylindrical, hyaline and thin-walled basidiospores. It is closely related to G. quercina in phylogeny. Morphologically, G. quercina differs in producing perennial basidiocarps with cream to pale greyish and larger pores. The morphological differences among the new species and other species were analyzed.

scholarly journals Dengue virus type 3 in Brazil: a phylogenetic perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo ◽  
Gonzalo Bello ◽  
Hermann Gonçalves Schatzmayr ◽  
Flávia Barreto dos Santos ◽  
Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Dengue Virus Type 3 ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Type 3

Seed Plant Genera Endemic to the Caribbean Island Biodiversity Hotspot: A Review and a Molecular Phylogenetic Perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Francisco-Ortega ◽  
Eugenio Santiago-Valentín ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Carl Lewis ◽  
John Pipoly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
The Caribbean

Natural history of ABC systems: not only transporters

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Dassa
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Abc Proteins ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Living Organisms

In recent years, our understanding of the functioning of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) systems has been boosted by the combination of biochemical and structural approaches. However, the origin and the distribution of ABC proteins among living organisms are difficult to understand in a phylogenetic perspective, because it is hard to discriminate orthology and paralogy, due to the existence of horizontal gene transfer. In this chapter, I present an update of the classification of ABC systems and discuss a hypothetical scenario of their evolution. The hypothetical presence of ABC ATPases in the last common ancestor of modern organisms is discussed, as well as the additional possibility that ABC systems might have been transmitted to eukaryotes, after the two endosymbiosis events that led to the constitution of eukaryotic organelles. I update the functional information of selected ABC systems and introduce new families of ABC proteins that have been included recently into this vast superfamily, thanks to the availability of high-resolution three-dimensional structures.

scholarly journals The Vav GEF Family: An Evolutionary and Functional Perspective

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez ◽  
Xosé R. Bustelo
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective

Vav proteins play roles as guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and signaling adaptors downstream of protein tyrosine kinases. The recent sequencing of the genomes of many species has revealed that this protein family originated in choanozoans, a group of unicellular organisms from which animal metazoans are believed to have originated from. Since then, the Vav family underwent expansions and reductions in its members during the evolutionary transitions that originated the agnates, chondrichthyes, some teleost fish, and some neoaves. Exotic members of the family harboring atypical structural domains can be also found in some invertebrate species. In this review, we will provide a phylogenetic perspective of the evolution of the Vav family. We will also pay attention to the structure, signaling properties, regulatory layers, and functions of Vav proteins in both invertebrate and vertebrate species.

scholarly journals Diet of Ameerega braccata (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Chapada dos Guimarães and Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR. Forti ◽  
ASO. Tissiani ◽  
T. Mott ◽  
C Strüssmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids ◽  
Two Populations

The understanding of feeding habits is important for anurans in general, both from an ecological and a phylogenetic perspective. For diurnal poison frogs belonging to the Dendrobatidae family, diet aspects play a crucial role in their defense and survival. Herein, we investigated feeding habits, foraging behaviour, and overall effects of habitat, sex, and body size on the diet of individuals of Ameerega braccata, a poorly known dendrobatid species. Specimens were observed and collected in the type-locality, Chapada dos Guimarães, and in the neighbouring municipality of Cuiabá, both in the State of Mato Grosso, Midwestern Brazil. The most important prey categories for A. braccata were Formicidae, Isoptera, and Acari, whose representatives were caught during active foraging. Individuals from Chapada dos Guimarães population consumed more Acari but fewer Isoptera than individuals from Cuiabá. Despite this, niche breadth values were narrow and similar for the two populations. Individuals from two distinct habitats (campo sujo and cerrado stricto sensu) showed differences in their diet, probably as an effect of differential prey availability. Females consumed more Isoptera than males. The number of prey categories used as food was not influenced by the variation of body size of the target species. However, the abundance and the volume of consumed Acari were statistically correlated with body size. The main results suggest that Ameerega braccata has a narrow niche breadth, as well as a specialised diet in ants, termites, and mites, which reinforces the hypotheses of close association between Acari consumption and the presence of skin toxic alkaloids, already found in other species of Dendrobatidae. Although differences in prey consumption between sexes are uncommon among poisonous frogs, differences in the diet composition between age classes, which probably reduce intraspecific competition, are frequently reported.

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