Comparative susceptibility of eastern cottontails and New Zealand white rabbits to classical rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and RHDV2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzi Mohamed ◽  
Thomas Gidlewski ◽  
Mary L. Berninger ◽  
Heather M. Petrowski ◽  
Alexa J. Bracht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Comparative Susceptibility

scholarly journals Comparative Phylodynamics of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Australia and New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 9548-9558 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Sebastian Eden ◽  
John Kovaliski ◽  
Janine A. Duckworth ◽  
Grace Swain ◽  
Jackie E. Mahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Viral Emergence

ABSTRACTThe introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into Australia and New Zealand during the 1990s as a means of controlling feral rabbits is an important case study in viral emergence. Both epidemics are exceptional in that the founder viruses share an origin and the timing of their release is known, providing a unique opportunity to compare the evolution of a single virus in distinct naive populations. We examined the evolution and spread of RHDV in Australia and New Zealand through a genome-wide evolutionary analysis, including data from 28 newly sequenced RHDV field isolates. Following the release of the Australian inoculum strain into New Zealand, no subsequent mixing of the populations occurred, with viruses from both countries forming distinct groups. Strikingly, the rate of evolution in the capsid gene was higher in the Australian viruses than in those from New Zealand, most likely due to the presence of transient deleterious mutations in the former. However, estimates of both substitution rates and population dynamics were strongly sample dependent, such that small changes in sample composition had an important impact on evolutionary parameters. Phylogeographic analysis revealed a clear spatial structure in the Australian RHDV strains, with a major division between those viruses from western and eastern states. Importantly, RHDV sequences from the state where the virus was first released, South Australia, had the greatest diversity and were diffuse throughout both geographic lineages, such that this region was likely a source population for the subsequent spread of the virus across the country.IMPORTANCEMost studies of viral emergence lack detailed knowledge about which strains were founders for the outbreak or when these events occurred. Hence, the human-mediated introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into Australia and New Zealand from known starting stocks provides a unique opportunity to understand viral evolution and emergence. Within Australia, we revealed a major phylogenetic division between viruses sampled from the east and west of the country, with both regions likely seeded by viruses from South Australia. Despite their common origins, marked differences in evolutionary rates were observed between the Australian and New Zealand RHDV, which led to conflicting conclusions about population growth rates. An analysis of mutational patterns suggested that evolutionary rates have been elevated in the Australian viruses, at least in part due to the presence of low-fitness (deleterious) variants that have yet to be selectively purged.

scholarly journals A Review on the Methods Used for the Detection and Diagnosis of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Joana Abrantes ◽  
Ana M. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Since the early 1980s, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been threatened by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD). The disease is caused by a lagovirus of the family Caliciviridae, the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The need for detection, identification and further characterization of RHDV led to the development of several diagnostic tests. Owing to the lack of an appropriate cell culture system for in vitro propagation of the virus, much of the methods involved in these tests contributed to our current knowledge on RHD and RHDV and to the development of vaccines to contain the disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the RHDV diagnostic tests used since the first RHD outbreak and that include molecular, histological and serological techniques, ranging from simpler tests initially used, such as the hemagglutination test, to the more recent and sophisticated high-throughput sequencing, along with an overview of their potential and their limitations.

A new variant of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus G2-like strain isolated in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Zhiyu Fan ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yanhua Song ◽  
Houjun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
New Variant

scholarly journals Minor structural protein VP2 in rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus downregulates the expression of the viral capsid protein VP60

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Chen ◽  
Guangqing Liu ◽  
Zheng Ni ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Tao Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Minor Structural Protein ◽  
Capsid Protein Vp60

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) has two structural proteins: the major capsid protein VP60 and the minor capsid protein VP2. VP2 is speculated to play an important role in the virus life cycle. To investigate the effect of VP2 on VP60 expression, three types of experiment (baculovirus–insect cell system, mammalian–luciferase assay system and in vitro coupled transcription/translation system) were used to express VP60 alone or co-expressed with VP2. Both forms of VP60 were able to form virus-like particles in insect cells. Western blot analysis and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that the presence of VP2 results in downregulation of the expression of VP60 in vivo. Real-time RT-PCR of mRNA levels showed that downregulation of VP60 occurs at the transcriptional level. The ability of the viral minor structural protein VP2 to regulate capsid protein levels may contribute to effective virus infection.

scholarly journals Protection of Rabbits against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus by Immunization with the VP60 Protein Expressed in Plants with a Potyvirus-Based Vector

Virology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rosario Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Mercedes Mouriño ◽  
José Rivera ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Plana-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
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