Emergence and adaptation of H3N2 canine influenza virus from avian influenza virus: An overlooked role of dogs in interspecies transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 842-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanting He ◽  
Gairu Li ◽  
Henan Zhu ◽  
Weifeng Shi ◽  
Ruyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza

scholarly journals Role of CARD Region of MDA5 Gene in Canine Influenza Virus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Fu ◽  
Shaotang Ye ◽  
Yongbo Liu ◽  
Shoujun Li
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Card Domain ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
Receptor Family

MDA5 belongs to the RIG-I-like receptor family, which is involved in innate immunity. During viral infection, MDA5 generates an antiviral response by recognizing the ligand to activate interferon. However, the role and mechanism of MDA5 in canine influenza virus (CIV) infection are unclear. To understand the mechanism of canine MDA5-mediated innate immunity during CIV infection, we detected the distribution of MDA5 in beagles, and the structural prediction showed that MDA5 was mainly composed of a CARD domain, RD domain, and DExD/H helix structure. Moreover, we found that MDA5 inhibits CIV replication. Furthermore, in the dual luciferase assay, we revealed that the CARD region of MDA5 strongly activated the IFN-β promoter and mainly transmitted signals through the CARD region. Overexpression of the CARD region of MDA5 revealed that the MDA5-mediated signaling pathway could transmit signals by activating the IRF3/NF-κB and IRF3 promoters, promoting the expression of antiviral proteins and cytokine release, thereby inhibiting CIV replication. Upon silencing of MDA5, cytokine production decreased, while the replication ability of CIV was increased. Thus, this study revealed a novel mechanism by which MDA5 mediated CIV infection and provided new avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.

scholarly journals Role of aflatoxin toxicity on transmissibility and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in turkeys

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Muti Ur Rehman ◽  
Asim Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Ali Abdullah Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus
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