Testing Broken Windows Theory in Mexico City

AbstractThere have been limited reports on crime prevention policies by local governments in Japan, which is one of the safest countries in the world. This article reviews crime prevention policies in Adachi Ward, which used to have the highest crime rates in Tokyo. The government of Adachi Ward introduced the “Beautiful Windows Movement” (BWM) in 2008. Based on BWM, Adachi Ward implemented various programs and interventions based on two different aspects: the aspect of preventing minor crimes and disorder in partnership with the police referring to the Broken Windows Theory and the aspect of literally making the Ward beautiful in cooperation with citizen volunteers. After 11 years of implementing BWM, the number of recorded crimes in Adachi Ward declined the most in Tokyo and residents’ sense of security improved significantly. This case study highlights the advantage of the duality of BWM to both reduce crimes and improve residents’ sense of security.

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A violência de gênero no Brasil numa perspectiva da Broken Windows Theory

Diversitas Journal ◽

10.17648/diversitas-journal-v5i1-849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 130-141

Author(s):

Lúcio Luiz Izidro da Silva ◽

Jane Felipe de Souza

Keyword(s):

Broken Windows ◽

Broken Windows Theory

O presente artigo científico tem como objetivo precípuo cotejar a violência de gênero no Brasil numa perspectiva da broken windows theory. Para tanto buscaremos apoio nos mapas da violência no Brasil apresentados por agência especializada em monitorar as estatísticas anuais. Num primeiro momento abordaremos questões conceituais sobre a “teoria das janelas quebradas”. Em seguida apresentaremos os índices da violência de gênero. Por fim enlaçaremos os números objetivos da violência com os argumentos teóricos. O trabalho, portanto, parte de uma metodologia experimental e uma revisão bibliográfica para dar suporte ao aviamento estrutural. O tema é relevante, pois os números estudados têm sido constantemente debatidos nas principais agendas de combate a violência, sobretudo de gênero.

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Broken Windows Policing

Criminology ◽

10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0265 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacinta M. Gau ◽

Alesha Cameron

Keyword(s):

Police Officers ◽

Criminal Behavior ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Rare Event ◽

Physical Disorder ◽

Broken Windows ◽

Broken Windows Theory ◽

Order Maintenance ◽

Reasonable Suspicion ◽

Zero Tolerance Policing

The 1980s saw sweeping changes occur in policing nationwide. Disorder (sometimes also called incivilities) rose to the top of the police agenda with the publication of studies showing that physical decay and socially undesirable behaviors inspire more fear than crime does. Crime is a relatively rare event, but physical disorder (graffiti, vandalism, and the like) and social disorder (such as aggressive panhandling or people being intoxicated in public) are far more prevalent. Broken windows theory drew from concepts embedded within criminological and social psychological theories. According to this perspective, the cause of crime is disorder that goes unchecked and is permitted to spread throughout a neighborhood or community. Disorder is theorized to scare people and makes them believe that their neighborhood is unsafe. These people subsequently withdraw from public spaces. The disorderly environment and empty streets invite crime and criminals. Offenders feel emboldened to prey on people and property because the environmental cues suggest a low likelihood that anyone will intervene or call the police. At this point, the neighborhood’s disorder problem becomes a crime problem. In the broken windows viewpoint, police are the front line of disorder reduction and control. Police are seen as needing to actively combat disorder in order to make neighborhood residents feel safe so that they will continue participating in the social fabric of their community. Broken windows theory does not contain a set of directions for precisely how police should go about preventing and eliminating disorder. Police leaders wanting to use the tenets of broken windows theory in their communities have to figure out how to put these concepts into practice. What evolved to be called order maintenance policing still varies from agency to agency. One of the most popular (and controversial) strategies is to aggressively enforce laws against nuisance and public-order offending (loitering, public drunkenness, and so on). The signature tactic of order maintenance policing is the street stop, which is a brief field detention and questioning. Police officers who have reasonable suspicion to believe an individual is engaged in criminal behavior can detain that person for questioning. Aggressive enforcement using street stops as a core tactic is not universal and there are other options (e.g., community policing, target hardening, utilizing government services, conveying reliable information) for police agencies to engage in disorder-reduction activities. The disorder-reduction strategy relying on street stops and arrests for low-level offenses goes by names such as “broken-windows policing” and “zero-tolerance policing.” The term “aggressive order-maintenance policing” is adopted for present purposes, as some broken-windows proponents have taken issue with terms like “zero tolerance.” This bibliography provides an overview of studies of broken windows theory and of some of the police efforts to employ the logic of this theory to reduce disorder, fear, and crime. Methodological rigor has been a recurrent topic in the discussion about the merits of broken windows theory and order maintenance policing, so this will be reflected in the bibliographies where relevant.

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Assessing Influence Mechanism of Green Utilization of Agricultural Wastes in Five Provinces of China through Farmers’ Motivation-Cognition-Behavior

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3381

Author(s):

Liying Yu ◽

Hongda Liu ◽

Ardjouman Diabate ◽

Yuyao Qian ◽

Hagan Sibiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extrinsic Motivation ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Broken Windows ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Cognitive Dimension ◽

Broken Windows Theory ◽

Behavioral Dimension ◽

Utilization Behavior

Using the theory of motivation, and the theory of planned behavior, this study establishes the “motivation-cognition-behavior” model of green utilization of agricultural waste from the perspective of farmers. In the motivational dimension, eight motivational factors were determined in three sub-dimensions of extrinsic motivation. In the cognitive dimension, three sub-dimensions of subjective norms, behavioral attitude, and perceived behavioral control are also determined. In the behavioral dimension, two sub-dimensions of utilization intention and utilization behavior are specified. Methodologically, a questionnaire on the green utilization of agricultural waste of 704 peasant households in five provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan was administered. With the help of the structural equation model, the influence path and the internal mechanism was then analyzed. It is shown that: (1) in relation to the “motivational dimension → cognitive dimension,” extrinsic motivation significantly promotes the cultivation of farmers’ subjective norms, in which positive broken windows theory has a positive effect. In contrast, negative broken windows theory has a negative one. In intrinsic motivation, the behavior attitude of farmers is negative. In the response analysis, farmers can realize that their ability, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost all have a positive impact on farmers’ perceived behavioral control. (2) In relation of the “cognitive dimension → behavioral dimension,” behavioral attitude slightly hinders utilization intention, while subjective norms and perceived behavioral control all contribute to a stronger utilization intention; the utilization intention maintains a positive correlation with the utilization behavior.

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Analyzing the Relationship between Citizen Report and Local Crime Occurrence Tendency Using Broken Windows Theory

International Journal of Innovation Management and Technology ◽

10.18178/ijimt.2021.12.2.905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Eiji Kano ◽

◽

Kazuhiko Tsuda

Keyword(s):

Financial Constraints ◽

Broken Windows ◽

Broken Windows Theory ◽

Local Problems ◽

Important Challenge ◽

Report System ◽

Report Data ◽

Using Data ◽

A Minor ◽

The Relationship

Municipalities are required to prioritize and solve local problems effectively under human and financial constraints. Preventing local crime is an important challenge among them. One of the major theories of crime prevention is the “broken windows theory,” which states that if a minor crime or a rule infringement is left unaddressed, it may lead to more serious crimes. This theory affected police administrations in some areas, but it was not widely accepted due to problems such as difficulty in verifying its validity and identifying effective measures. There is a possibility that these limitations can be overcome by using data obtained from the citizen report system, which was introduced in municipalities in recent years. This study examines the relationship between local problems and local crimes based on the broken windows theory using citizen report data.

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