Short-Term Pain, Long-Term Gain? The Effects of IMF Economic Reform Programs on Public Health Performance

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a
Author(s):  
Matthew Hoddie ◽  
Caroline A. Hartzell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Public Health Performance

Evaluating Local Public Health Performance at a Community Level on a Statewide Basis

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Richards ◽  
John J. Rogers ◽  
Gregory M. Christenson ◽  
C Arden Miller ◽  
Marcia S. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Public Health Performance

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Using food insecurity in health prevention to promote consumer's embodied self-regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Petit ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Insurance Hypothesis ◽  
Embodied Self

AbstractHealth messages designed to address obesity are typically focused on the long-term benefits of eating healthy food. However, according to the insurance hypothesis, obese people are food insecure, and this causes them to be overly concerned about short-term consumption. As such, it is necessary to rethink public health messaging and consider how to reduce short-term insecurity by eating healthy food.

Validation of a Screening Survey To Assess Local Public Health Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arden Miller ◽  
Thomas B. Richards ◽  
Sonia M. Davis ◽  
Catharine A. McKaig ◽  
Gary G. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Public Health Performance ◽  
Screening Survey

scholarly journals Near-Real-Time Surveillance of Illnesses Related to Shellfish Consumption in British Columbia: Analysis of Poison Center Data (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Wan ◽  
Lorraine McIntyre ◽  
Debra Kent ◽  
Dennis Leong ◽  
Sarah B Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Data File ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Data

BACKGROUND Data from poison centers have the potential to be valuable for public health surveillance of long-term trends, short-term aberrations from those trends, and poisonings occurring in near-real-time. This information can enable long-term prevention via programs and policies and short-term control via immediate public health response. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing use of poison control data for surveillance in the United States, Europe, and New Zealand, but this resource still remains widely underused. OBJECTIVE The British Columbia (BC) Drug and Poison Information Centre (DPIC) is one of five such services in Canada, and it is the only one nested within a public health agency. This study aimed to demonstrate how DPIC data are used for routine public health surveillance in near-real-time using the case study of its alerting system for illness related to consumption of shellfish (ASIRCS). METHODS Every hour, a connection is opened between the WBM software Visual Dotlab Enterprise, which holds the DPIC database, and the R statistical computing environment. This platform is used to extract, clean, and merge all necessary raw data tables into a single data file. ASIRCS automatically and retrospectively scans a 24-hour window within the data file for new cases related to illnesses from shellfish consumption. Detected cases are queried using a list of attributes: the caller location, exposure type, reasons for the exposure, and a list of keywords searched in the clinical notes. The alert generates a report that is tailored to the needs of food safety specialists, who then assess and respond to detected cases. RESULTS The ASIRCS system alerted on 79 cases between January 2015 and December 2016, and retrospective analysis found 11 cases that were missed. All cases were reviewed by food safety specialists, and 58% (46/79) were referred to designated regional health authority contacts for follow-up. Of the 42% (33/79) cases that were not referred to health authorities, some were missing follow-up information, some were triggered by allergies to shellfish, and some were triggered by shellfish-related keywords appearing in the case notes for nonshellfish-related cases. Improvements were made between 2015 and 2016 to reduce the number of cases with missing follow-up information. CONCLUSIONS The surveillance capacity is evident within poison control data as shown from the novel use of DPIC data for identifying illnesses related to shellfish consumption in BC. The further development of surveillance programs could improve and enhance response to public health emergencies related to acute illnesses, chronic diseases, and environmental exposures.

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