Allergic reactions in red tattoos: Raman spectroscopy for ‘fingerprint’ detection of chemical risk spectra in tattooed skin and culprit tattoo inks

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hutton Carlsen ◽  
M. Køcks ◽  
M. Sepehri ◽  
J. Serup
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Chemical Risk ◽  
Tattoo Inks ◽  
Fingerprint Detection

scholarly journals Colored Tattoo Ink Screening Method with Optical Tissue Phantoms and Raman Spectroscopy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3147
Author(s):  
Filip Sadura ◽  
Maciej S. Wróbel ◽  
Katarzyna Karpienko
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Scattering Coefficient ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Tissue Phantoms ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Human Dermis ◽  
Tattoo Inks

Due to the increasing popularity of tattoos among the general population, to ensure their safety and quality, there is a need to develop reliable and rapid methods for the analysis of the composition of tattoo inks, both in the ink itself and in already existing tattoos. This paper presents the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy to examine tattoo inks in biological materials. We have developed optical tissue phantoms mimicking the optical scattering coefficient typical for human dermis as a substitute for an in vivo study. The material employed herein allows for mimicking the tattoo-making procedure. We investigated the effect of the scattering coefficient of the matrix in which the ink is located, as well as its chemical compositions on the spectra. Raman surface line scanning has been carried out for each ink in the skin phantom to establish the spatial gradient of ink concentration distribution. This ensures the ability to detect miniature concentrations for a tattoo margin assessment. An analysis and comparison of the spectra of the inks and the tattooed inks in the phantoms are presented. We recommend the utilization of Raman spectroscopy as a screening method to enforce the tattoo ink safety legislations as well as an early medical diagnostic screening tool.

scholarly journals Assessment of Toxic Metals and Hazardous Substances in Tattoo Inks Using Sy-XRF, AAS, and Raman Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Manso ◽  
Sofia Pessanha ◽  
Mauro Guerra ◽  
Uwe Reinholz ◽  
Cláudia Afonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Tattoo Inks

Allergic Reactions to Food Proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Ballmer-Weber
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergies ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Allergenic Food ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Pollen Allergens ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Four to eight percent of the population are estimated to be food-allergic. Most food allergies in adolescents and adults are acquired on the basis of cross-reaction to pollen allergens. Theses allergens are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Therefore pollen-allergic patients might acquire a multitude of different plant food allergies, and even react to novel foods to which they have never previously been exposed. A curative therapy for food allergy does not yet exist. Food-allergic patients have to rely on strict avoidance diets, The widespread use of industrially processed foods poses a general problem for food-allergic patients. Although the most frequent allergens must be declared openly in the list of ingredients, involuntary contamination with allergy-provoking compounds can occur. The precautionary labelling “may contain” is sometimes applied even if the chance of contamination is very low; on the other hand, foods not declared to contain possible traces of allergenic components may actually contain relevant amounts of allergenic proteins. Switzerland is the only country in Europe with legal regulations on contamination by allergenic food; however, the allowance of 1 g/kg is too high to protect a relevant proportion of food-allergic individuals.

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