Decomposing Gender Beliefs: Cross-National Differences in Attitudes Toward Maternal Employment and Gender Equality at Home

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-hsin Yu ◽  
Pei-lin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
National Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cross National ◽  
At Home

Comparative Constitutional Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 1192-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tushnet
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
International Rights ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the evolution of the field of comparative constitutional law and its relationship to politics and international rights; constitutionalism; constitutional foundings and transformations; constitutional structures; structures of judicial review; generic constitutional law; and national identity. Innumerable comparative studies address the ways in which different constitutions and constitutional systems deal with specific topics, such as privacy, free expression, and gender equality. However valuable such studies have been in bringing information about other constitutional systems to the attention of scholars versed in their own systems, their analytic payoff is sometimes questionable. Scholarship in comparative constitutional law is perhaps too often insufficiently sensitive to national differences that generate differences in domestic constitutional law. Or, put another way, that scholarship may too often rest on an implicit but insufficiently defended preference for the universalist approach to comparative legal study over the particularist one.

Comparative Constitutional Law

2006 ◽  
pp. 1224-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tushnet
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
International Rights ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the evolution of the field of comparative constitutional law and its relationship to politics and international rights; constitutionalism; constitutional foundings and transformations; constitutional structures; structures of judicial review; generic constitutional law; and national identity. Innumerable comparative studies address the ways in which different constitutions and constitutional systems deal with specific topics, such as privacy, free expression, and gender equality. However valuable such studies have been in bringing information about other constitutional systems to the attention of scholars versed in their own systems, their analytic payoff is sometimes questionable. Scholarship in comparative constitutional law is perhaps too often insufficiently sensitive to national differences that generate differences in domestic constitutional law. Or, put another way, that scholarship may too often rest on an implicit but insufficiently defended preference for the universalist approach to comparative legal study over the particularist one.

scholarly journals Gender, family and employment in comparative perspective: the realities and representations of equal opportunities in Britain and France

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmary Crompton ◽  
Nicky Le Feuvre
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we will explore how contrasting national discourses relating to women, and gender equality have been incorporated into and reflected in national policies. In the first section, we will outline the recent history of EU equal opportunities policy, in which positive action has been replaced by a policy of 'mainstreaming'. Second, we will describe the evolution of policies towards women and equal opportunities in Britain and France. It will be argued that whereas some degree of positive action for women has been accepted in Britain, this policy is somewhat alien to French thinking about equality - although pro-natalist French policies have resulted in favourable conditions for employed mothers in France. In the third section, we will present some attitudinal evidence, drawn from national surveys, which would appear to reflect the national policy differences we have identified in respect of the 'equality agenda'. In the fourth section, we will draw upon biographical interviews carried out with men and women in British and French banks in order to illustrate the impact of these cross-national differences within organizations and on individual lives. We demonstrate that positive action gender equality policies have made an important impact in British banks, while overt gender exclusionary practices still persist in the French banks studied. In the conclusion, we reflect on the European policy implications of our findings.

scholarly journals Donne, famiglie e pandemia. Tra vecchie e nuove discriminazioni al femminile

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Francesca Dello Preite
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Poverty Lines ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

2020 will be remembered as the year of the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2: a virus that suddenly spread worldwide affecting the health and the life of millions of people of all ages and putting a strain on welfare, economic, scientific and politic structures of all the Nations that have tried to respond to the multiple needs of their populations facing many obstacles and difficulties. Starting from a reflection about the new poverty lines that coronavirus produced in family context, this paper analyses the biggest difficulties that women faced during the “confinement” at home, when the housework and the children care multiplied, both in qualitative and in quantitative viewpoint, and gender violence registered an alarming increase. What happened in these months is a evident confirmation that women are still vulnerable people, and that the way to reach a significant gender equality is still fraught with obstacles.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Penulisan Cerita Pendek Berkeadilan Gender Di Madrasah Aliyah Al Hidayah Kecamatan Wajak Kabupaten Malang

EGALITA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galuh Nur Rohmah ◽  
Laily Fitriani ◽  
Vita Nur Santi
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Home School ◽  
The World ◽  
Child Character ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
At Home

<p class="p15">In this time, some experts and practitioners of education have given idea about role of belles-lettres in education of child character. Do not deny again that belles-lettres of have important role in the world of education. Short story as one of belles-lettres form in creative writing region can be made as a media to study of justice and gender equality among adolescent as well as children. Adolescent in this time have recognized fiction readings in the form of short story, continued story, novel even pictorial story or comic. Meanwhile, its can not not be denied that a work, specially a story, not get out from its writer background. This research takes location in Madrasah Aliyah Al Hidayah of Wajak, District Of Wajak, Malang. And the result of this research is there is a change at student after done guidance; 1) student have information and knowledge about gender and its aspects 2) change of patterned thinking to treat fairly and equivalent between men and woman at home, school, and environment, and 3) student can put down issues about gender equality in his/ her short story.</p><p class="p15"> </p><p class="p15">Dewasa ini beberapa ahli dan praktisi pendidikan juga telah memberikan gagasan tentang peran karya sastra dalam pendidikan karakter anak. Tak dipungkiri lagi bahwa karya sastra memilki peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan.  Cerita pendek sebagai salah satu bentuk karya sastra dalam wilayah kepenulisan kreatif bisa dijadikan media bagi pembelajaran keadilan dan kesetaraan gender di kalangan remaja dan juga anak-anak. Remaja saat ini sudah mengenal bacaan-bacaan fiksi berupa cerita pendek, cerita bersambung, novel bahkan cerita bergambar atau komik.  Sementara itu, tidak dipungkiri bahwa sebuah karya, sebuah cerita khususnya, tidak lepas dari latar belakang penulisnya.    Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Madrasah Aliyah Al Hidayah Desa Wajak, Kecamatan Wajak,  Kabupaten Malang sebagai lokusnya. Dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalahterjadi perubahan pada siswa setelah dilakukan pendampingan; 1) siswa memiliki pengetahuan dan informasi tentang gender dan aspek-aspeknya, 2) perubahan pola pikir untuk memperlakukan secara adil dan setara antara laki-laki dan perempuan baik itu di rumah, di sekolah, dan di lingkungan sekitar, dan 3) siswa mampu meletakkan isu keadilan gender dalam cerita pendeknya.</p>

A Cross-National Examination of Food Insecurity and Gender Equality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Amanda Wyant
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Women’s equality has been positively linked to household food security in many countries. Since women still do the bulk of food labor, women’s empowerment can lead to an increase in the allocation of resources toward food, improving food security. However, we do not know how country-level laws of gender equality intersect with household-level actions. This study examines household food insecurity from a cross-national and multilevel perspective. I explore the relationship between gender inequality (in terms of both opinions and laws) and household food insecurity. I use household data from the World Values Survey, Wave 6, collected in 2010 through 2014. The analytic sample includes 42 countries and 37,152 individuals. My country-level data come from the World Bank and the Social Institutions and Gender Index. I find that positive measures of women’s empowerment at the household level reduce a household’s likelihood of food insecurity. Surprisingly, I find that country-level policies do not always create the intended outcomes of increased equality. Legal equality between men and women at the country level (financial, legal, and land ownership) does not have a direct relationship with food insecurity. However, legal equality moderates the relationship between food insecurity and country-level variables (agricultural exports and urbanization) and household-level variables (income). The research suggests that the inclusion of gender equality complicates development theory.

scholarly journals Measuring Gender Role Attitudes in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110577
Author(s):  
Charles Crabtree ◽  
Kiho Muroga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross National

What explains gender discrimination in Japan? While Japan ranks near the worst among advanced democracies in nearly all cross-national gender equality rankings, we know little about the attitudes that drive disparate outcomes between men and women. To address this need, the authors develop, introduce, and validate the first measure of gender role attitudes in Japan, the Gender Role Scale. Using data from a large, national, quota-based sample of 2,389 Japanese conducted in March 2020, the authors visualize the subcomponents of Gender Role Scale, showing cross-gender differences in attitudes. The findings extend the large literature on politics and gender and provide a measure for reuse in Japan and for extension to other countries that lag behind in women’s empowerment.

scholarly journals Feminism and the Politics of Resilience: Essays on Gender, Media and the End of Welfare

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Çağatay Burcu
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Female Body ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

Encouraging women to work has revealed the relationships between neoliberalism and gender. Neoliberalism, which is based on high performance, has also reflected this feature on the female body. Women, who are constantly asked to be hardworking both at home and at work, have also been exposed to the emphasis on having a fit body seen in women's magazines. This emphasis on success is more for the middle class. While this situation created a competitive environment with women in the lower classes, it negatively affected the psychology of young girls. Therefore, the relationship between neoliberalism and feminism leads to new discussions on the issue of gender equality.

scholarly journals Equality prescribed? Contextual determinants of citizens’ support for gender boardroom quotas across Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-589
Author(s):  
Katja Möhring ◽  
Céline Teney
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Cross National

Abstract We provide the first cross-national comparative study of citizens’ support for affirmative action policies in the economy using the example of gender quotas for company boards. In contrast to previous studies, we focus on the contextual level and analyse how factors related to political institutions and actors, and economic and social structure shape citizens’ support and the gap in support between men and women. We apply multilevel regression analyses of Eurobarometer data for 27 European countries. Levels of support and gender gaps in support for boardroom quotas vary largely between countries. Contextual factors related to existing quota laws, gender equality in social and economic life, and public opinion towards state intervention are important determinants of cross-national variation. Our results point to an ambiguous relationship of support for gender quotas and actual gender equality in a country. Citizens’ endorsement of quotas is low in countries with high levels of formal gender equality. Support is higher in countries where interventionist policies are widely accepted. Also, existing quota laws are positively related to citizens’ support of boardroom quotas.

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