Contemporary methods in delayed discounting: Applications for suicidology with simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Shawn P. Gilroy ◽  
Raymond P. Tucker ◽  
Brian W. Bauer ◽  
Connor H. G. Patros
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Discounting

Overweight adults are more impulsive than normal weight adults: Evidence from ERPs during a chocolate-related delayed discounting task

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 107181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Jia Zhao ◽  
Xuemeng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Wenjian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Delayed Discounting ◽  
Overweight Adults

scholarly journals Delayed discounting of pain with and without monetary reward

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Paweł Kicman ◽  
Przemysław Bąbel
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Clear Preference ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Delayed Discounting

Abstract We investigated the effect of monetary rewards on the rate of pain discounting. Our aim, also, was to understand the effect of previous painful dental experiences on the rate of discounting pain. Two groups (N = 148) completed a discounting task. In the first group, delayed pain was weaker than immediate pain, and in the second group delayed pain was stronger than immediate pain. Two conditions were studied: pain was either accompanied by a monetary reward or not. We found that people preferred immediate pain when it was weaker than delayed pain; however, when delayed pain was stronger than immediate pain, there was no clear preference. In both groups the preference for immediate pain was higher when pain was accompanied by a monetary reward. Previous painful experiences were not related to the rate of discounting. It was concluded that the preference for delayed pain depends on the intensity of pain, and it can be modified by rewards that accompany pain.

scholarly journals Patients in Pain: The Effects of Oxytocin on Trust and Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-166
Author(s):  
Preston A. Long ◽  
Harry Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Delayed Discounting

Oxytocin (OT) is a naturally occurring hormone produce by the hypothalamus. While a growing body of work has focused on the role of OT in modulating human social cognition, a somewhat neglected but promising area of study is how OT effects pain perception and pain behavior. Animal studies consistently support OT as an analgesic but human studies are few and somewhat mixed. The current study explores whether the analgesic effect of OT diminish maladaptive decision making associated with pain, both directly and indirectly. At the same time, pain-related positive social behaviors such as trust and cooperation, may be heightened under the influence of oxytocin. Intranasal OT (24 IU) versus placebo trials were separated by a one-week washout period. The primary outcome measures include three indicators of change in social capital, including trust, cooperation, and safety perceptions. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of OT on pain sensitivity is evaluated in the context of interactive effects with pro social decision making. Behavioral rating scales examined delayed discounting, impulsivity, and loss aversion. In addition to behavioral measures, urine samples were collected to assess subject OT saturation and saliva samples were collected to test for genetic markers associated with pain and trust. We first examined if OT has a main effect (i.e., generalized) on pain perception and secondly, if pain-related social behavior is moderated by OT. Results support OT as a potential analgesic. Additionally, OT may not only act to relieve pain but may also reinforce other adaptive social behaviors exhibited by people in pain.

scholarly journals 2276

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Alyssa Schneider ◽  
Bethany L. Stangl ◽  
Elgin R. Yalin ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Vijay Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Delayed Discounting ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Impulsivity is a significant predictor of alcohol use and drinking behavior, and has been shown to be a critical trait in those with alcohol use disorder. Suggestibility, or susceptibility to social influence, has been shown to correlate with impulsivity, with highly suggestible individuals being more likely to make impulsive decisions influenced by peer groups. However, the relationship between social influence and drinking behavior is unclear. Our objective was to describe the relationship between social influence and impulsivity traits using the social delayed discounting task and potential differences in intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) behavior. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, non-dependent drinkers (n=20) completed a CAIS session, which consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where subjects were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak (PEAK) and average (AVG) BrAC and Number of Button Presses (NBP). Participants completed a social delayed discounting task (SDDT), where participants were presented with the choice of a small, sooner (SS) reward or a large, later (LL) reward. Before starting the task, participants chose peers who selected either the impulsive (SI) or non-impulsive choice (S). Intermittently, the peers’ choice was not shown (X) or different choices (D) were selected. Participants also completed the MISS, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the NEO personality inventory. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants with higher suggestibility scores had greater NBP, AVG, and PEAK BrAC in the early phase of the IV-ASA session. Higher scores on the MISS were also correlated with higher impulsivity scores including the NEO Neuroticism (N-factor) measure, BIS-11, and UPPS-P. Results also showed that the MISS score was inversely correlated with the percent of impulsive choices in the SDDT, but that this was independent of peers’ impulsive or nonimpulsive choices. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that non-dependent drinkers that were more susceptible to social influence had heavier drinking patterns, higher IV-ASA, and higher scores on impulsivity measures. In addition, individuals that were more susceptible to social influence made more impulsive choices in general, but those choices were not affected by peer decisions during the task. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of impulsive choices, particularly in relation to alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Relationship between BMI and alcohol consumption levels in decision making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Agarwal ◽  
Sukru Baris Demiral ◽  
Peter Manza ◽  
Nora D. Volkow ◽  
Paule Valery Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Delayed Discounting ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

Abstract Background Decision-making deficits in obesity and alcohol use disorder (AUD) may contribute to the choice of immediate rewards despite their long-term deleterious consequences. Methods Gambling task functional MRI in Human connectome project (HCP) dataset was used to investigate neural activation differences associated with reward or punishment (a key component of decision-making behavior) in 418 individuals with obesity (high BMI) and without obesity (lean BMI) and either at high (HR) or low (LR) risk of AUD based on their alcohol drinking levels. Results Interaction between BMI and alcohol drinking was seen in regions of the default mode network (DMN) and those implicated in self-related processing, memory, and salience attribution. ObesityHR relative to obesityLR also recruited DMN along with primary motor and regions implicated in inattention, negative perception, and uncertain choices, which might facilitate impulsive choices in obesityHR. Furthermore, obesityHR compared to leanHR/leanLR also demonstrated heightened activation in DMN and regions implicated in uncertain decisions. Conclusions These results suggest that BMI is an independent variable from that of alcohol drinking levels in neural processing of gambling tasks. Moreover, leanLR relative to leanHR, showed increased activation in motor regions [precentral and superior frontal gyrus] suggestive of worse executive function from excessive alcohol use. Delayed discounting measures failed to distinguish between obesity and high alcohol drinking levels, which as for gambling task results suggests independent negative effects of obesity and chronic alcohol drinking on decision-making. These findings highlight distinct associations of obesity and high-risk alcohol drinking with two key constituents of decision-making behavior.

scholarly journals AB018. The impact of emotional priming on delayed discounting

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. AB018-AB018
Author(s):  
Austin Trudeau ◽  
Aaron Johnson ◽  
Bianca Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Discounting ◽  
The Impact
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