scholarly journals 2276

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Alyssa Schneider ◽  
Bethany L. Stangl ◽  
Elgin R. Yalin ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Vijay Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Delayed Discounting ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Impulsivity is a significant predictor of alcohol use and drinking behavior, and has been shown to be a critical trait in those with alcohol use disorder. Suggestibility, or susceptibility to social influence, has been shown to correlate with impulsivity, with highly suggestible individuals being more likely to make impulsive decisions influenced by peer groups. However, the relationship between social influence and drinking behavior is unclear. Our objective was to describe the relationship between social influence and impulsivity traits using the social delayed discounting task and potential differences in intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) behavior. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, non-dependent drinkers (n=20) completed a CAIS session, which consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where subjects were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak (PEAK) and average (AVG) BrAC and Number of Button Presses (NBP). Participants completed a social delayed discounting task (SDDT), where participants were presented with the choice of a small, sooner (SS) reward or a large, later (LL) reward. Before starting the task, participants chose peers who selected either the impulsive (SI) or non-impulsive choice (S). Intermittently, the peers’ choice was not shown (X) or different choices (D) were selected. Participants also completed the MISS, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the NEO personality inventory. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants with higher suggestibility scores had greater NBP, AVG, and PEAK BrAC in the early phase of the IV-ASA session. Higher scores on the MISS were also correlated with higher impulsivity scores including the NEO Neuroticism (N-factor) measure, BIS-11, and UPPS-P. Results also showed that the MISS score was inversely correlated with the percent of impulsive choices in the SDDT, but that this was independent of peers’ impulsive or nonimpulsive choices. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that non-dependent drinkers that were more susceptible to social influence had heavier drinking patterns, higher IV-ASA, and higher scores on impulsivity measures. In addition, individuals that were more susceptible to social influence made more impulsive choices in general, but those choices were not affected by peer decisions during the task. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of impulsive choices, particularly in relation to alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals 2138 Susceptibility to social influence is associated with alcohol self-administration and subjective alcohol effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Alyssa Schneider ◽  
Bethany Stangl ◽  
Elgin R. Yalin ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Vijay Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
Alcohol Effects

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Peer groups are one of the strongest determinants of alcohol use and misuse. Furthermore, social influence plays a significant role in alcohol use across the lifespan. One of the factors that most consistently predicts successful treatment outcomes for alcohol use disorders is one’s ability to change their social network. However, the concept of social influence as defined by suggestibility or susceptibility to social influence has not yet been studied as it relates to drinking behavior and acute subjective response to alcohol. Our objective was to examine the relationship between suggestibility and alcohol consumption and responses, using an intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) paradigm in social drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, social drinkers (n=20) completed a human laboratory session in which they underwent the IV-ASA paradigm. This consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where participants were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak and average breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and number of button presses. Subjective responses were assessed using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) collected serially during the session. Participants completed the Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) to assess suggestibility. The Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ) was used to assess alcohol expectancies and the Timeline Followback questionnaire measured recent drinking history. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After controlling for drinking history, greater suggestibility significantly predicted greater average BrAC, greater peak BrAC, and a greater number of button presses (p=0.03, p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively) during the early open bar phase. Suggestibility significantly predicted subjective alcohol effects following the priming phase which included “Feel,” “Want,” “High,” and “Intoxicated” and was trending for “Like” (p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03, p=0.054, respectively) as well as AUQ (p=0.03). After controlling for drinking history, suggestibility significantly predicted “Feel,” “Like,” “High,” and “Intoxicated” peak scores during the open bar phase (p=0.03, p=0.009, p=0.03, p=0.03, respectively). There was no association between suggestibility and “Want More” alcohol. Suggestibility was positively associated with three positive expectancies (global positive; p=0.04, social expressiveness; p=0.005, relaxation; p=0.03), and one negative expectancy (cognitive and physical impairment; p=0.02). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that social drinkers that were more suggestible had higher alcohol consumption, greater acute subjective response to alcohol, and more positive alcohol expectancies. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of alcohol consumption, and may provide insight into harmful drinking behavior such as binge drinking. Future analyses should examine the impact of suggestibility on alcohol-related phenotypes across the spectrum of drinking from social to binge and heavy drinking patterns.

scholarly journals Identity, influence, and intervention: The roles of social media in alcohol use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Corwin Westgate ◽  
Jason Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Online Identity ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Alcohol-related content is common on social media and may both reflect and influence offline drinking behavior. Posting alcohol-related content has been linked to alcohol outcomes, including higher rates of alcohol consumption, cravings, alcohol-related problems, and clinical alcohol use disorders. Exposure to alcohol-related content on social media has likewise been associated with adverse alcohol outcomes. In this paper, we review research on the relationship between social media and alcohol use, and explore the ways that online identity and social influence can account for this relationship. Finally, we call for further research on the use of social media as a platform for prevention and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder among Patients Suffered from Road Collisions in a Vietnamese Delta Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Tung Thanh Tran ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
Chau Minh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The Relationship

Traffic collisions have continuously been ranked amongst the top causes of deaths in Vietnam. In particular, drinking has been recognized as a major factor amplifying the likelihood of traffic collisions in various settings. This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol use and traffic collisions in the current context of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 traffic collisions patients in six health facilities in the Thai Binh Province to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and identify factors influencing alcohol use among these patients. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale was used to determine the problematic drinking behavior of the participants. The percentage of patients having problematic drinking was more than 30%. Being male, having a high household income, and working as farmer/worker were risk factors for alcohol abuse. People causing accidents and patients with a traumatic brain injury had a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol before the accidents. This study highlights the necessity of more stringent laws on reducing drink-driving in Vietnam. In addition, more interventions, especially those utilizing mass media like educational campaign of good behavior on social networks, are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in targeted populations in order to decrease the prevalence and burden of road injuries.

Undergraduate Adjustment to College, Drinking Behavior, and Fraternity Membership1

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 801-802
Author(s):  
Robert L. Montgomery ◽  
Frances M. Haemmerlie
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
College Drinking ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Adjustment To College ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Student Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation To College ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between adjustment to college as measured by Baker and Siryk's 1986 Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, drinking patterns, and various aspects of student life (e.g., fraternity or sorority membership). A total of 114 students participated. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated several significant relationships.

scholarly journals Ethanol-Related Behaviors in Mouse Lines Selectively Bred for Drinking to Intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Jensen ◽  
Kayla G. Townsley ◽  
Kolter B. Grigsby ◽  
Pamela Metten ◽  
Meher Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Progressive Ratio ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Drinking In The Dark ◽  
Mouse Lines

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a devastating psychiatric disorder that has significant wide-reaching effects on individuals and society. Selectively bred mouse lines are an effective means of exploring the genetic and neuronal mechanisms underlying AUD and such studies are translationally important for identifying treatment options. Here, we report on behavioral characterization of two replicate lines of mice that drink to intoxication, the High Drinking in the Dark (HDID)-1 and -2 mice, which have been selectively bred (20+ generations) for the primary phenotype of reaching high blood alcohol levels (BALs) during the drinking in the dark (DID) task, a binge-like drinking assay. Along with their genetically heterogenous progenitor line, Hs/Npt, we tested these mice on: DID and drinking in the light (DIL); temporal drinking patterns; ethanol sensitivity, through loss of righting reflex (LORR); and operant self-administration, including fixed ratio (FR1), fixed ratio 3:1 (FR3), extinction/reinstatement, and progressive ratio (PR). All mice consumed more ethanol during the dark than the light and both HDID lines consumed more ethanol than Hs/Npt during DIL and DID. In the dark, we found that the HDID lines achieved high blood alcohol levels early into a drinking session, suggesting that they exhibit front loading like drinking behavior in the absence of the chronicity usually required for such behavior. Surprisingly, HDID-1 (female and male) and HDID-2 (male) mice were more sensitive to the intoxicating effects of ethanol during the dark (as determined by LORR), while Hs/Npt (female and male) and HDID-2 (female) mice appeared less sensitive. We observed lower HDID-1 ethanol intake compared to either HDID-2 or Hs/Npt during operant ethanol self-administration. There were no genotype differences for either progressive ratio responding, or cue-induced ethanol reinstatement, though the latter is complicated by a lack of extinguished responding behavior. Taken together, these findings suggest that genes affecting one AUD-related behavior do not necessarily affect other AUD-related behaviors. Moreover, these findings highlight that alcohol-related behaviors can also differ between lines selectively bred for the same phenotype, and even between sexes within those same line.

scholarly journals Testing a Social Mechanism: Does Alcohol Outlet Density Moderate the Relationship Between Levels of Alcohol Use and Child Physical Abuse?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Freisthler ◽  
Jennifer Price Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Parental Alcohol Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parental Alcohol

Objectives: Parental alcohol use and alcohol outlet density are both associated with child abuse. Guided by alcohol availability theory, this article examines whether alcohol outlet density moderates the relationship between parental alcohol use and child physical abuse. Methods: A general population telephone survey of 3,023 parents or legal guardians 18 years or older was conducted across 50 California cities, whereas densities of alcohol outlets were measured for by zip code. Data were analyzed via overdispersed multilevel Poisson models. Results: Ex-drinkers, light drinkers, and heavy drinkers use physical abuse more often than lifetime abstainers. Moderate drinking was not related to child physical abuse. Proportion of bars was negatively related to frequency of physical abuse. Moderating relationships between alcohol outlet density and drinking categories were found for all drinking patterns. Conclusion: Different types of alcohol outlets may be differentially related to drinking patterns, indicating that the interaction of drinking patterns and the drinking environment may place children at greater risk for being physically abused.

scholarly journals Transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional reprogramming of blood monocytes in non-human primates following chronic alcohol drinking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloan A Lewis ◽  
Suhas Sureshchandra ◽  
Brianna Doratt ◽  
Vanessa Jimenez ◽  
Cara Stull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing

Chronic heavy drinking (CHD) of alcohol is a known risk factor for increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infection as well as impaired wound healing. Evidence suggests that these defects are mediated by a dysregulated inflammatory response originating from myeloid cells, notably monocytes and macrophages, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our ability to study CHD is impacted by the complexities of human drinking patterns and behavior as well as comorbidities and confounding risk factors for patients with alcohol use disorders. To overcome these challenges, we utilize a translational rhesus macaque model of voluntary ethanol self-administration that closely recapitulates human drinking patterns and chronicity. In this study, we examined the effects of CHD on blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in control and CHD female macaques after 12 months of daily ethanol consumption. While monocytes from CHD female macaques generated a hyper-inflammatory response to ex vivo LPS stimulation, their response to E.Coli was dampened. In depth scRNA-Seq analysis of purified monocytes revealed significant shifts in classical monocyte subsets with accumulation of cells expressing markers of hypoxia (HIF1A) and inflammation (NFkB signaling pathway) in CHD macaques. The increased presence of monocyte subsets poised to generate a hyperinflammatory response was confirmed by the epigenetic analysis which revealed higher accessibility of promoter regions that regulate genes involved in cytokine signaling pathways. Finally, alveolar macrophages (AM) from the same animals produced higher levels of inflammatory mediators in response to LPS stimulation, but reduced ability to phagocytose bacteria. Collectively, data presented in this manuscript demonstrate that CHD primes monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages towards a more hyper-inflammatory immune response with compromised functional abilities, which could be used in diagnostic purposes or preventative measures for patients with alcohol use disorders.

scholarly journals The Normative Underpinnings of Population-Level Alcohol Use: An Individual-Level Simulation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Tuong Manh Vu ◽  
Joshua M. Epstein ◽  
Alexandra E. Nielsen ◽  
Charlotte Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background. By defining what is “normal,” appropriate, expected, and unacceptable, social norms shape human behavior. However, the individual-level mechanisms through which social norms impact population-level trends in health-relevant behaviors are not well understood. Aims. To test the ability of social norms mechanisms to predict changes in population-level drinking patterns. Method. An individual-level model was developed to simulate dynamic normative mechanisms and behavioral rules underlying drinking behavior over time. The model encompassed descriptive and injunctive drinking norms and their impact on frequency and quantity of alcohol use. A microsynthesis initialized in 1979 was used as a demographically representative synthetic U.S. population. Three experiments were performed in order to test the modelled normative mechanisms. Results. Overall, the experiments showed limited influence of normative interventions on population-level alcohol use. An increase in the desire to drink led to the most meaningful changes in the population’s drinking behavior. The findings of the experiments underline the importance of autonomy, that is, the degree to which an individual is susceptible to normative influence. Conclusion. The model was able to predict theoretically plausible changes in drinking patterns at the population level through the impact of social mechanisms. Future applications of the model could be used to plan norms interventions pertaining to alcohol use as well as other health behaviors.

scholarly journals SHORTENING TIME FOR ALCOHOL ACCESS DRIVES UP FRONT-LOADING BEHAVIOR, BRINGING CONSUMPTION IN MALE RATS TO THE LEVEL OF FEMALES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Flores-Bonilla ◽  
Barbara De Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Silva-Gotay ◽  
Kyle W. Lucier ◽  
Heather N. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Alcohol

Alcohol can have more detrimental effects on mental health in women, even when intake is comparable or higher in men. This may relate to a differential pattern of drinking, e.g., how rapidly alcohol is consumed. We used operant procedures to gain insight into sex differences in the drinking dynamics of rats. Adult male and female Wistar rats underwent operant training to promote voluntary drinking of 10% (w/v) alcohol (8 rats/sex). We tested how drinking patterns changed after manipulating the effort required for alcohol (fixed ratio, FR), as well as the length of time in which animals had access to alcohol (self-administration session length). Rats were tested twice within the 12 hours of the dark cycle, at 2 hours (early sessions) and 10 hours into the dark cycle (late sessions). As expected, adult females consumed significantly more alcohol than males in the 30-minute sessions with the FR1 paradigm. Alcohol consumption within females was higher in the late sessions compared to early sessions, whereas this difference was not found within males. Front-loading of alcohol (heavier drinking in the first five minutes of the session) was the primary factor underlying higher consumption in females, and this sex difference was accentuated in the late sessions. Increasing the effort required from FR1 to FR3 reduced alcohol drinking in both sexes. Front-loading behavior remained in females in both early and late sessions, whereas males exhibited minimal front-loading behavior only in the early sessions. Compressing drinking access to 15-minutes drove up front-loading behavior, producing total alcohol intake levels that were comparable in both sexes. This strategy could be useful for exploring sex differences in the effect of voluntary alcohol drinking on the brain. Our findings also highlight the importance of the time of testing for detecting sex differences in drinking behavior.

Drinking Motives and Willingness to Drink Alcohol in Peer Drinking Contexts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen G. Anderson ◽  
Tracey A. Garcia ◽  
Genevieve F. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
First Year ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Coping Motives ◽  
Context Specific

Drinking motives are important proximal predictors of alcohol consumption in adolescents and emerging adults (EAs). Despite the importance of peer context on alcohol use decision-making, research on drinking motives is commonly divorced from the contexts where such decisions are made. Behavioral willingness (BW), or openness to engaging in a given behavior, is a contextually dependent aspect of nondeliberative decision-making for youth. As BW and drinking motives are proximal predictors of alcohol use, it was hypothesized that they would interact in the prediction of later drinking. Eighty-seven EAs reported their BW in simulated drinking contexts, drinking motives, and alcohol consumption upon entering college as well as drinking patterns 8 months later. Context-specific BW potentiated coping motives’ impact on increased alcohol consumption and potentially hazardous drinking at the end of participants’ first year. These findings support the importance of BW and context in understanding motivation’s role in drinking behavior for EAs.

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