Heterozoan carbonates from the equatorial rocky reefs of the Galápagos Archipelago

Sedimentology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Reymond ◽  
Konny-Sebastian Zihrul ◽  
Jochen Halfar ◽  
Bernhard Riegl ◽  
Alexander Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Heterozoan Carbonates

Natural and anthropogenic-induced stressors affecting the composition of fish communities on the rocky reefs of Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 112018
Author(s):  
Juan Figueroa-Pico ◽  
Francisco S. Tortosa ◽  
Antonio J. Carpio
Keyword(s):  
Fish Communities ◽  
Rocky Reefs

scholarly journals Survival strategies on a semi-arid island: submersion and desiccation tolerances of fiddler crabs from the Galapagos Archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana V. Capparelli ◽  
Carl L. Thurman ◽  
Paloma Gusso Choueri ◽  
Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa ◽  
Mayana Karoline Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Declines and recovery in endangered Galapagos pinnipeds during the El Niño event

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Páez-Rosas ◽  
Jorge Torres ◽  
Eduardo Espinoza ◽  
Adrian Marchetti ◽  
Harvey Seim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Zalophus Wollebaeki

AbstractCurrently, the Galapagos sea lion (GSL, Zalophus wollebaeki) and Galapagos fur seal (GFS, Arctocephalus galapagoensis) are among the most important endemic species for conservation in the Galapagos Archipelago. Both are classified as “Endangered” since their populations have undergone drastic declines over the last several decades. In this study we estimated the abundance of both otariids, and their population trends based using counts conducted between 2014 and 2018 in all their rookeries, and we analyzed the influence of environmental variability on pup production. The GSL population size in 2018 in the archipelago was estimated to be between 17,000 to 24,000 individuals and has increased at an average annual rate of 1% over the last five years after applying correction factors. The highest number of GSL counted in the archipelago was in 2014 followed by a population decline of 23.8% in 2015 that was associated with the El Niño event that occurred during that year. Following this event, the population increased mainly in the northern, central and southeastern rookeries. The GSL pup abundance showed a decreasing trend with the increase in intensity of the El Niño. The GFS population in 2018 was counted in 3,093 individuals and has increased at an annual rate of 3% from 2014 to 2018. A high number of GFS counted in 2014 was followed by a population decrease of 38% in 2015, mainly in the western rookeries. There was interannual population fluctuations and different growth trends among regions of the archipelago. GSL and GFS pup abundance has a strong decreasing tendency with the increase in the subthermocline temperature (ST) and the El Niño 1 + 2 index. Our results provide evidence that both species are highly vulnerable to periodic oceanographic-atmospheric events in the Galapagos Archipelago which impact prey abundance and the flow of energy in the unique Galapagos ecosystem.

scholarly journals Galápagos upwelling driven by localized wind–front interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Forryan ◽  
Alberto C. Naveira Garabato ◽  
Clément Vic ◽  
A. J. George Nurser ◽  
Alexander R. Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean

AbstractThe Galápagos archipelago, rising from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean some 900 km off the South American mainland, hosts an iconic and globally significant biological hotspot. The islands are renowned for their unique wealth of endemic species, which inspired Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and today underpins one of the largest UNESCO World Heritage Sites and Marine Reserves on Earth. The regional ecosystem is sustained by strongly seasonal oceanic upwelling events—upward surges of cool, nutrient-rich deep waters that fuel the growth of the phytoplankton upon which the entire ecosystem thrives. Yet despite its critical life-supporting role, the upwelling’s controlling factors remain undetermined. Here, we use a realistic model of the regional ocean circulation to show that the intensity of upwelling is governed by local northward winds, which generate vigorous submesoscale circulations at upper-ocean fronts to the west of the islands. These submesoscale flows drive upwelling of interior waters into the surface mixed layer. Our findings thus demonstrate that Galápagos upwelling is controlled by highly localized atmosphere–ocean interactions, and call for a focus on these processes in assessing and mitigating the regional ecosystem’s vulnerability to 21st-century climate change.

Interactive responses of primary producers and grazers to pollution on temperate rocky reefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia E. Fowles ◽  
Rick D. Stuart-Smith ◽  
Nicole A. Hill ◽  
Russell J. Thomson ◽  
Elisabeth M.A. Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Producers ◽  
Rocky Reefs

scholarly journals Meals for two: foraging activity of the butterflyfish Chaetodon Striatus (perciformes) in southeast Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bonaldo ◽  
J. P. Krajewski ◽  
I. Sazima
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Feeding Activities

The banded butterflyfish (Chaetodon striatus) from the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic is a territorial, diurnal forager on benthic invertebrates. It is usually seen moving singly or in pairs, a few meters above the sea floor. We studied the foraging activity of C. striatus on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil. This fish spent about 11 h and 30 min per day on feeding activities, and preferred colonies of non-scleratinian anthozoans over sandy and rocky substrata while foraging. The lowest feeding rates were recorded in the early morning and late afternoon, but we found no further differences between feeding rates throughout the day. We also found no differences between the feeding rates of paired and single individuals.

scholarly journals Dynamic Downscaling of the Impact of Climate Change on the Ocean Circulation in the Galápagos Archipelago

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyun Liu ◽  
Lian Xie ◽  
John M. Morrison ◽  
Daniel Kamykowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Equatorial Undercurrent ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
The Impact

The regional impact of global climate change on the ocean circulation around the Galápagos Archipelago is studied using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configured for a four-level nested domain system. The modeling system is validated and calibrated using daily atmospheric forcing derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1951 to 2007. The potential impact of future anthropogenic global warming (AGW) in the Galápagos region is examined using the calibrated HYCOM with forcing derived from the IPCC-AR4 climate model. Results show that although the oceanic variability in the entire Galápagos region is significantly affected by global climate change, the degree of such effects is inhomogeneous across the region. The upwelling region to the west of the Isabella Island shows relatively slower warming trends compared to the eastern Galápagos region. Diagnostic analysis suggests that the variability in the western Galápagos upwelling region is affected mainly by equatorial undercurrent (EUC) and Panama currents, while the central/east Galápagos is predominantly affected by both Peru and EUC currents. The inhomogeneous responses in different regions of the Galápagos Archipelago to future AGW can be explained by the incoherent changes of the various current systems in the Galápagos region as a result of global climate change.

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