Market Structure and the Environmental Implications of Trade Liberalization: Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Böhringer ◽  
Thomas F. Rutherford ◽  
David G. Tarr ◽  
Natalia Turdyeva
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World

Does the WTO Need to Change?

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (730) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Schott
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
The World

The World Trade Organization is in disrepair. To fix it, and thereby boost global trade liberalization, nations must first successfully conclude the Doha Round of talks.

scholarly journals The Environmental Implications of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Böhringer ◽  
Thomas F. Rutherford ◽  
David G. Tarr ◽  
Natalia Turdyeva
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Implikasi Prinsip Most Favoured Nation terhadap Pengaturan Tarif Impor Di Indonesia

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dony Yusra Pebrianto
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
International Law ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
National Production

The existence of trade liberalization are faced with the fact that competition in the trade of countries particularly in this export and import kian feels very rapidly. The existence of instruments of international law contained in the General Agreement on the set fee and Trade (GATT) becomes an important point in the conception of international trade arrangements for States parties who joined GATT in the World Trade Organization (WTO). So the principles inherent in the preparation of the concept of a national law for countries that have ratified GATT. Indonesia one of the countries that have ratified GATT would of course be bound by those principles, one of which is the principle of Most Favoured Nation tariff arrangements that implicates to import in Indonesia. So the protection of local commodities closed chances though limited to keep the continuity of the national production. 

scholarly journals Remarks by Tania Voon

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Tania Voon
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
General Exceptions

The WTO general exceptions are crucial provisions that recognize that in some circumstances non-trade objectives will trump trade liberalization. That recognition flows from the fact that trade liberalization per se is not the purpose of the WTO; rather, trade liberalization is a means to achieve other objectives as specified in the preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, such as raising standards of living and ensuring full employment. The predominant view is that the general exceptions are extremely difficult to satisfy. Indeed, I am aware of only three instances in which a respondent has successfully invoked GATT Article XX; of these, two are compliance proceedings, and one of those is under appeal. However, challenged measures typically fail to satisfy the requirements of the Article XX chapeau because they are discriminatory, and removing that discrimination provides a means of benefiting from the exception.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS–ACTUALITES BAN ON THE IMPORTATION OF TOMATO PASTE AND CONCENTRATE INTO GHANA

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
KOFI OTENG KUFUOR
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
Tomato Paste ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

In August 2007, Ghana's Ministry of Trade, Industry and Presidents Special Initiatives (MOTI) announced a ban on imported tomato paste and concentrate. The ban took effect from 1st November 2007. The consequence of the ban is that any tomato paste or concentrate imported into Ghana will be confiscated to the state.1 On its face, this decision is quite strange. Since the early 1980s and stemming from a crippling economic crisis at the time, Ghana has embraced the Bretton Woods neoliberal policy prescriptions as a panacea for its economic recovery. As part of its commitment to neoliberalism, Ghana has adhered to trade liberalization and evidence of this is carefully documented in its Trade Policy submissions to the World Trade Organization (WTO).2 Thus, the import ban is a deviation from the commitment to trade liberalization and is one of the few instances where MOTI has moved to grant new levels of protection to domestic industry.3

A Bayesian Measurement of Political Connection and Entrepreneur Preference on Trade and Competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 147892992097834
Author(s):  
Yilang Feng
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The World

This article investigates how political connection shapes firm owner preference on economic openness and international competition in China, a topic that is getting increasingly relevant today amid China’s trade disputes with its trading partners over the nature of the country’s business-government relations. Politically connected entrepreneurs and their enterprises usually exploit and benefit from their political resources, but this can lead to both supporting and opposing views on expanding trade liberalization. To solve this puzzle, this article proposes a theory that focuses on (1) a selection effect of political connection on firm productivity and (2) trade-related institutional development in China. With survey data on China joining the world trade organization, I develop a modified Bayesian item response theory model to measure political connection and find that Chinese politically connected entrepreneurs held a less supportive view before joining the world trade organization than their less connected counterparts. This suggests an anticipation that the imminent opening would neutralize the privileges of politically connected entrepreneurs. By looking at trade liberalization, this article offers a firm level analysis that political opposition to sustained economic reform may derive from the short-term winners, instead of the losers, in transitional societies.

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