Son Preference, Number of Children, Education and Occupational Choice in Rural Nepal

SummaryThis paper investigates the normative and behavioural dimensions of son preference in Morocco and Tunisia, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of the two countries. It considers three measures of son preference: (1) mothers' ideal number of children, and any preference for having more sons than daughters; (2) the desire for additional children, given their existing family; (3) reported use of contraception in relation to the existing number of children of each sex. The analyses indicate a moderate preference for sons in both countries, and suggest that this preference is somewhat stronger in Tunisia. These findings are interpreted within the cultural context of the two countries, and in particular societal notions of women's status.

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Child poverty policies across Europe

Journal of Family Research ◽

10.20377/jfr-223 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 128-149

Author(s):

Jonathan Bradshaw ◽

Yekaterina Chzhen

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Child Poverty ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Family Type ◽

The European Union ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Before And After ◽

Children Education ◽

Negative Effekte ◽

The Eu

This article is in two parts. In the first part, we present the results of a comparative analysis of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) to explore child poverty. Countries’ child poverty rates are compared using the conventional income definition and deprivation and economic strain. The extent of overlap in these different measures is explored. Variations in child poverty rates by employment, child age, number of children, education level of the parents and family type are explored. Then logistic regression is used to explore how countries’ child poverty varies having taken account of these characteristics. In the second part we explore how policy affects child poverty, presenting child poverty rates before and after transfers; analysis of spending and its relationship to child poverty; and the analysis of child benefit packages using model family methods. Child poverty is increasing in most EU countries. The article argues that the data available on what policies work is not really good enough. The OECD Benefits and Wages series is too limited and the EU should invest in a framework that collects data on how tax and benefit policies are working to combat child poverty across the EU. Zusammenfassung Im ersten der zwei Teile dieses Aufsatzes stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Analyse der European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) vor, um die Kinderarmut unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Die Kinderarmutsraten in den einzelnen Ländern werden mithilfe von einer konventionellen Einkommensdefinition, Mangelerscheinungen und wirtschaftlichen Zwängen miteinander verglichen. Dabei wird das Ausmaß der Überschneidungen der einzelnen Messungen und Variationen in der Kinderarmut aufgrund der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse, des Alters der Kinder, der Kinderzahl, des Bildungsniveaus der Eltern und des Familientyps untersucht. Danach kommt die logistische Regression zum Einsatz, um zu untersuchen, inwieweit die Kinderarmut in den jeweiligen Ländern variiert, wenn man all diese Ausprägungen berücksichtigt. Im zweiten Teil untersuchen wir, welchen Einfluss familienpolitische Maßnahmen auf die Kinderarmut haben, indem wir Kinderarmutsraten vor und nach der Einbeziehung von Transferleistungen vorstellen, die Staatsausgaben und ihr Verhältnis zur Kinderarmut und – mithilfe von Methoden der Modellierung von Familien – Kinderunterstützungspakete analysieren. Die Kinderarmut nimmt in den meisten EU-Ländern zu. Im Beitrag wird dann argumentiert, dass die Daten darüber, welchen familienpolitischen Maßnahmen funktionieren, nicht wirklich gut genug sind. Die Benefits and Wages-Zeitreihen der OECD sind Beschränkungen unterworfen – die EU sollte in ein Rahmenprogramm investieren, in signifikante negative Effekte vorausgegangener ökonomischer Deprivation auf das Wohlbefinden gibt, zusätzlich zu den Effekten des Bildungsniveaus der Eltern und der Familienformen. Diese Effekte waren bei Mädchen stärker ausgeprägt als bei Jungen. Ein eingeschränktes Wohlbefinden im Jahre 1996 trug nicht vollständig zur Erklärung von Langzeiteffekten ökonomischer Deprivation bei. Mütterliche Negativität erwies sich als stärkerer Mediator für die Reaktion von Mädchen auf ökonomischen Stress. Insgesamt legen die Daten nahe, dass ökonomische Deprivation ein signifikanter Risikofaktor mit negativen Langzeitfolgen, insbesondere für Mädchen, ist.

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Kehamilan Ibu di Usia Muda dengan Perkembangan Emosi Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sewon II Kabupaten Bantul

Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak ◽

10.29238/kia.v11i2.36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Hastin Laili Mukharromah ◽

Yuni Kusmiyati ◽

Margono Margono

Keyword(s):

Emotional Development ◽

Health Workers ◽

Young Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Historical Cohort ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Income Data ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

Children Education ◽

The Relationship

The prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children was very high at 34.10%. One of the factors of child'semotional development problem was mother's age when pregnant. . The aim of this study was to determine the relationship ofmaternal pregnancy at a young age with emotional development of children aged 3-5 years. This study used historical cohort design.The subjects were all pregnant mothers in the working area of Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul Yogyakarta in 2012-2014. The sample ofthis study amounted to 74 respondents. The independent variable was an emotional development assessed using the Strength andDifficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) questionnaire. The dependent variable was the age of the mother. External variables that were alsostudied were parenting, number of children, gender of children, education, and parent's income. Data analysis used chi square andlogistic regression. Research shows there was a relationship between pregnancy at a young age with emotional development ofchildren aged 3-5 years. Children aged 3-5 years who were born from mothers who are pregnant at a young age and have 80%chance of experiencing emotional development disorders than adult mothers. For that teenager, family, and health workers to beable to prevent pregnancy young age with health promotion to avoid the occurrence of emotional disturbance of children aged 3-5years.

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Development indicators of children and youth tourism in additional education system and sports tourism: Comparative analysis

Services in Russia and abroad ◽

10.12737/20100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Евгений Павлов ◽

Evgeniy Pavlov ◽

Ирина Белякова ◽

Irina Belyakova

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Sports Tourism ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Children Education ◽

Additional Education

Article is devoted to the development dynamics of tourism as a sport and the association of additional education of tourist and local lore orientation in the Russian Federation, as well as the impact of adopted legal acts (Sanitary Rules and Regulations, Registration of kayaks and other tourist ships in the State Small Vessels Inspectorate and others) on the dynamics of children and youth tourism development. The authors raise the issues of reforming the system of additional children education caused by the reduction of tourism associations of local lore profile, their merger with non-core educational institutions of additional children education, as well as the adoption of unreasoned legal acts related to youth tourism. The article presents comparative analysis of development indicators of youth tourism in the system of additional education and sports tourism during 1991-2014. The authors examine dynamics of sports tourism development as a kind sport and study a change in the number of children involved in the tourist and local history associations using official statistics. The following documents and legal acts are the basis of research: summary reports of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation according to the statistical form 1-DO "Additional Children Education Establishment: Information" over the period of 2010-2014, summary reports of the Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation “Physical Culture & Sports: Information. 1-FC" over the period of 2003–2014, official reports of the sport tourism mass competitions results in sport discipline "walking distance". The authors found that during twenty-three years the greatest increase in the number of children engaged in tourism activity and changes in the number of tent camps have been observed after the abolition of unreasoned legal documents. Monitoring of statistical data leads to the conclusion that the sphere of youth tourism needs attention from the state, and it has repeatedly been mentioned in scientific works of professionals in tourism.

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Indifferent Gender Preferences among Childless Beijing Citizens

Finnish Yearbook of Population Research ◽

10.23979/fypr.51490 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Stuart Basten ◽

Georgia Verropoulou ◽

Ma Xiaohong ◽

Yan Ping

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Policy Issue ◽

Son Preference ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Gender Preferences ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Ideal Number ◽

Critical Policy ◽

Contemporary Chinese

Son preference, leading to skewed sex ratios at birth, is an important feature of contemporary Chinese demography, as well as being a critical policy issue. Using a 2006 representative survey, this article explores preferences for boys and girls among childless young adults in a district of Beijing who have a stated one child as their ideal number of children (though they may be eligible to bear more). The descriptive analysis finds no evidence of son-preference; rather an overall indifference to gender. A multivariate analysis provides some indicative evidence of indifference regarding predictors of desiring a girl, a boy or either. gs.

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Leapfrogging Africa: Sustainable Innovation in Health, Education and Agriculture

10.18820/9781928314745 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reiner Klingholz ◽

Sabine Sütterlin ◽

Alisa Kaps ◽

Catherina Hinz

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Health Education ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Positive Influence ◽

World Health ◽

Demographic Dividend ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Key Sectors ◽

The World ◽

Children Education

In this study, we look at the potential for development leaps in Africa in three key sectors that provided the basis for socioeconomic development around the world: health, education and agriculture. Advances in these sectors increase the human capital, create jobs and economic opportunities and have a positive influence on each other. Healthy and well-fed children can learn better; hygiene and better medical care diminish infant mortality, which reduces the desire for a large number of children; education for women promotes gender equality and causes birth rates to fall further. This creates a population structure under which the economy can grow particularly well: a demographic dividend becomes possible.

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Peran Sumber Pelayanan dan Jenis Provider Terhadap Diskontinuitas Kontrasepsi: Analisis Data SDKI 2012

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.9357 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 427

Author(s):

Izzatul Arifah ◽

Sukamdi Sukamdi ◽

Siswanto Agus Wilopo

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Cox Models ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Education Levels ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use ◽

Children Education

Effects of health facility ownership and type of providers on contraception discontinuation: an analysis of 2012 Indonesian demographic health surveyPurposeThis study aimed to examine the role of source of family planning services and types of providers on the discontinuity pattern of modern contraceptive use in women of childbearing age.MethodsThis study analyzed the longitudinal data using secondary data of the IDHS 2012. The sample criteria were: women ever married, aged 15-49, who have ever used modern contraception (pills, injections, IUDs and implants). Stratified Cox models were used to assess the effect of predictors toward contraceptive discontinuation.ResultsKaplan-Meier curves showed higher discontinuity in the short-term contraceptive methods such as injections and pills. Multivariable analysis showed the influence of method source to discontinuation after controlling for other factors, namely age, number of children, education level and place of residence. The risk of discontinuation was greater in government source than private, with HR 1.14 95% CI (1.06 to 1.23). Sub-sample analysis of private services showed a greater chance of discontinuity in physician, with HR 1.28 95% CI (1.06 to 1.54).ConclusionContraceptive discontinuation rate was lower among women using private source and midwives. Women with older age had greater number of children, and the factor of low education levels also was associated with longer duration of contraceptive use.

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Parent related factors influencing the improper use of antibiotics in children

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijprls.v8i2.1235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Thejaswini Karanth ◽

Someswar Deb ◽

Lal Ruatpuii Zadeng ◽

Rajeswari Ramasamy ◽

Teena Nazeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Parental Knowledge ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Case Report Form ◽

Related Factors ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Income Status ◽

Improper Use ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Children Education

Objective to determine the parent related factors which are influencing the improper use of antibiotics in children. Antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs for treating infections. Parents’ knowledge and practices to use medicines have important effects on the management of childhood illness. Improper use of the antibiotics could be because of some strongly influenced parent related factors. A prospective study was conducted in 200 subjects from the randomly chosen communities in Bangalore. Door to door visit was done by the investigators. Demographic data were collected using CRF [Case Report Form] and Questionnaires were used to assess parental knowledge and practice of antibiotic use in children. Questionnaires were validated and either of the parents was asked to answer the questionnaire. Answers collected using the questionnaire was correlated with some of the parent related demographic factors. Our study revealed that majority of the responders were mother and most of them are of middle age and have myth about the antibiotic use in children. Education level of the parents has a direct impact on knowledge about antibiotic use. Increase in number of children in a family have a correlation in improper practice of antibiotic use. Income status is related with the practise of the antibiotic use. Occupation also plays an important role in the practice of antibiotic use in children. Residing area also influences in antibiotic use by parents. Parents’ non-adherence towards antibiotics for their children is also governed by various adverse drug reactions like allergic conditions, nausea, vomiting, fever etc.

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