scholarly journals Pharmaceutical pollution: A weakly regulated global environmental risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Miettinen ◽  
Sabaa Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Global Environmental

Understanding Managers’ Views of Global Environmental Risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Hill ◽  
Dixon Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Global Environmental

Pollution Havens and the Transfer of Environmental Risk

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Strohm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Sovereign Risk ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Pollution Havens

The pollution haven debate fractures along three fault lines: scope, methodology, and values. The scope of the pollution havens question must go beyond the original definition (intentional use of lax environmental regulations to attract foreign investment) to include a broader assessment of the transfer of environmental risk. Whether attributed to governmental policy or to the behavior of firms, or both, environmental risk can be transferred as hazardous products, processes, wastes, or displaced resource extraction. Researchers mistrust each other's methodologies, especially as the conventional economic analyses consider value discussions about global environmental justice issues outside their jurisdiction. This author questions whether the transfer of environmental risk is the result of sovereign risk assessment, consciously exchanging cost for adequate compensation; or alternatively, an unethical export of environmental hazard to vulnerable societies.

Is Risk a Drive for Change? Pollution and Risk Displacement in 1970s to 1980s Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-195
Author(s):  
Lam Yee Man
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Environmental Development ◽  
It Risk

Many people believe risk drives change. Environmental degradation, depletion of the ozone layer, and global warming all help advance global environmental development. However, why do some countries react promptly while some are slower to react to environmental risk? Reasons vary, but this article focuses on how the specific way risk was formulated and introduced in Hong Kong impeded drastic and swift environmental development. Tracing back to the time when the notion of pollution was first formulated in Hong Kong, this article argues that pollution was not defined as what it was. Instead, pollution was defined and introduced to the public as a problem of sanitation, turning pollution into a problem of categorization—a risk that could be easily resolved. This article contributes to the study of both pollution and risk by studying pollution as a social construct in the unique case of Hong Kong. A warning from Hong Kong—instead of addressing and resolving it, risk could be discreetly displaced.

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