Decomposing mechanisms of abnormal saccade generation in schizophrenia patients: Contributions of volitional initiation, motor preparation, and fixation release

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Reuter ◽  
Björn Elsner ◽  
David Möllers ◽  
Norbert Kathmann
Keyword(s):  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Saccade Generation

Sport practice changes the brain: A study on motor preparation in top-level shooters

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Spinelli ◽  
Teresa Aprile Francesco Di Russo ◽  
Sabrina Pitzalis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Preparing to React: A Behavioral Study on the Interplay between Proactive and Reactive Action Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Stefania C. Ficarella ◽  
Andrea Desantis ◽  
Alexandre Zénon ◽  
Boris Burle
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Action Inhibition

Motor preparation, based on one’s goals and expectations, allows for prompt reactions to stimulations from the environment. Proactive and reactive inhibitory mechanisms modulate this preparation and interact to allow a flexible control of responses. In this study, we investigate these two control mechanisms with an ad hoc cued Go/NoGo Simon paradigm in a within-subjects design, and by measuring subliminal motor activities through electromyographic recordings. Go cues instructed participants to prepare a response and wait for target onset to execute it (Go target) or inhibit it (NoGo target). Proactive inhibition keeps the prepared response in check, hence preventing false alarms. Preparing the cue-coherent effector in advance speeded up responses, even when it turned out to be the incorrect effector and reactive inhibition was needed to perform the action with the contralateral one. These results suggest that informative cues allow for the investigation of the interaction between proactive and reactive action inhibition. Partial errors’ analysis suggests that their appearance in compatible conflict-free trials depends on cue type and prior preparatory motor activity. Motor preparation plays a key role in determining whether proactive inhibition is needed to flexibly control behavior, and it should be considered when investigating proactive/reactive inhibition.

An examination of the variables that affect express saccade generation

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER H. SCHILLER ◽  
JOHANNES HAUSHOFER ◽  
GEOFFERY KENDALL
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Express Saccades ◽  
Express Saccade ◽  
Saccadic System ◽  
Fixation Spot ◽  
Temporal Asynchrony ◽  
Saccade Generation ◽  
Gap Time

The frequency with which express saccades are generated under a variety of conditions in rhesus monkeys was examined. Increasing the gap time between fixation spot termination and target onset increased express saccade frequency but was progressively less effective in doing so as the number of target positions in the sample was increased. Express saccades were rarely produced when two targets were presented simultaneously and the choice of either of which was rewarded; a temporal asynchrony of only 17 ms between the targets reinstated express saccade generation. Express saccades continued to be generated when the vergence or pursuit systems was coactivated with the saccadic system.

Timing, Storage, and Comparison of Stimulus Duration Engage Discrete Anatomical Components of a Perceptual Timing Network

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Coull ◽  
Bruno Nazarian ◽  
Franck Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Encoding ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
The Right

The temporal discrimination paradigm requires subjects to compare the duration of a probe stimulus to that of a sample previously stored in working or long-term memory, thus providing an index of timing that is independent of a motor response. However, the estimation process itself comprises several component cognitive processes, including timing, storage, retrieval, and comparison of durations. Previous imaging studies have attempted to disentangle these components by simply measuring brain activity during early versus late scanning epochs. We aim to improve the temporal resolution and precision of this approach by using rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to time-lock the hemodynamic response to presentation of the sample and probe stimuli themselves. Compared to a control (color-estimation) task, which was matched in terms of difficulty, sustained attention, and motor preparation requirements, we found selective activation of the left putamen for the storage (“encoding”) of stimulus duration into working memory (WM). Moreover, increased putamen activity was linked to enhanced timing performance, suggesting that the level of putamen activity may modulate the depth of temporal encoding. Retrieval and comparison of stimulus duration in WM selectively activated the right superior temporal gyrus. Finally, the supplementary motor area was equally active during both sample and probe stages of the task, suggesting a fundamental role in timing the duration of a stimulus that is currently unfolding in time.

scholarly journals Altered EEG Microstates During Motor Preparation for Resting-State, Voluntary and Instructed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S99-S100
Author(s):  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Li Shi ◽  
Jinfeng Gao ◽  
Yuxia Hu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Motor Preparation

Motor preparation and the effects of practice: Evidence from startle.

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Maslovat ◽  
Nicola J. Hodges ◽  
Romeo Chua ◽  
Ian M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Motor Preparation

Reaction Time in a Visual 4-Choice Reaction Time Task: ERP Effects of Motor Preparation and Hemispheric Involvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrida Antonova ◽  
Claudia van Swam ◽  
Daniela Hubl ◽  
Thomas Dierks ◽  
Inga Griskova-Bulanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Choice Reaction Time Task ◽  
Time Task

Triggering mechanisms in microsaccade and saccade generation: a novel proposal

2011 ◽  
Vol 1233 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Otero-Millan ◽  
Stephen L. Macknik ◽  
Alessandro Serra ◽  
R. John Leigh ◽  
Susana Martinez-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Saccade Generation
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