High species richness and genetic diversity of the genus Caloglossa (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-230
Author(s):  
Mitsunobu Kamiya ◽  
John A. West ◽  
Giuseppe C. Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
High Species Richness

Assessment and rationalization of genetic diversity of Papua New Guinea taro (Colocasia esculenta) using SSR DNA fingerprinting

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Singh ◽  
E. S. Mace ◽  
I. D. Godwin ◽  
P. N. Mathur ◽  
T. Okpul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta

scholarly journals Maximizing genetic representation in seed collections from populations of self and cross-pollinated banana wild relatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kallow ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Toan Vu Dang ◽  
Tuong Vu Dang ◽  
Janet Paofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
Seed Collections

Background: Conservation of plant genetic resources, including the wild relatives of crops, plays an important and well recognised role in addressing some of the key challenges faced by humanity and the planet including ending hunger and biodiversity loss. However, the genetic diversity and representativeness of ex situ collections, especially that contained in seed collections, is often unknown. This limits meaningful assessments against conservation targets, impairs targeting of future collecting and limits their use. We assessed genetic representation of seed collections compared to source populations for three wild relatives of bananas and plantains. Focal species and sampling regions were Musa acuminata subsp. banksii (Papua New Guinea), M. balbisiana (Viet Nam) and M. maclayi s.l. (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). We sequenced 445 samples using suites of 16-20 existing and newly developed taxon-specific polymorphic microsatellite markers. Samples of each species were from five populations in a region; 15 leaf samples and 16 seed samples from one infructescence ('bunch') for each population. Results: Allelic richness of seeds compared to populations was 51%, 81% and 93% (M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. maclayi respectively). Seed samples represented all common alleles in populations but omitted some rarer alleles. The number of collections required to achieve the 70% target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation was species dependent, relating to mating systems. Musa acuminata populations had low heterozygosity and diversity, indicating self-fertilization; many bunches were needed (>15) to represent regional alleles to 70%; over 90% of the alleles from a bunch are included in only two seeds. Musa maclayi was characteristically cross-fertilizing; only three bunches were needed to represent regional alleles; within a bunch, 16 seeds represent alleles. Musa balbisiana, considered cross-fertilized, had low genetic diversity; seeds of four bunches are needed to represent regional alleles; only two seeds represent alleles in a bunch. Conclusions: We demonstrate empirical measurement of representation of genetic material in seeds collections in ex situ conservation towards conservation targets. Species mating systems profoundly affected genetic representation in seed collections and therefore should be a primary consideration to maximize genetic representation. Results are applicable to sampling strategies for other wild species.

Helminth assemblages of Uromys spp. (Muridae : Hydromyinae) from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia and comparison with assemblages in Melomys spp.

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Smales ◽  
D. M. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Small Pool ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Species Being

This study documents the helminth assemblages of Uromys caudimaculatus (Krefft, 1867) from Papua New Guinea and Australia as well as listing helminths found in U. anak Thomas, 1907 from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, and U. hadrourus (Winter, 1984) from Queensland Australia. In total, 36 species of helminth, comprising one acanthocephalan, three cestodes (excluding unidentifiable fragments) and 32 nematodes (including two not identified to genus) from 65 hosts were found. The Trichostrongylina nematodes were the dominant group of helminths, the most prevalent species being Odilia uromyos (Mawson, 1961), found in each of the species of Uromys across all regions, and O. melomyos (Mawson, 1961), occurring in U. caudimaculatus from Papua New Guinea and Australia. The helminth species assemblage from U. caudimaculatus, 14 species of helminth from 11 hosts from Papua New Guinea and 23 species of helminth from 51 hosts from Australia, had high species richness but was relatively equitable overall (1/SI = 0.92). The differences found between the helminth assemblages of U. caudimaculatus from Papua New Guinea and Australia suggest that U. caudimaculatus may have travelled to Australia from New Guinea with a small pool of helminth species that was subsequently added to by host switching from sympatric rodent hosts. Alternatively, U. caudimaculatus may have lost many of the helminths that travelled with it following arrival in Australia.

Disturbance Impacts of Logging on Ground Herbaceous Plant Species Richness, Diversity, and Composition of Lowland Rainforest of Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penniel Lamei ◽  
Fabio Attorre ◽  
Riccardo Testolin ◽  
Michele De Sanctis ◽  
Ruth Turia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
P Type ◽  
The Impact

The impact of logging activities on species richness, diversity, and composition of the ground herbaceous layer of the lowland forest of Papua New Guinea was analyzed. Data from the first multipurpose National Forest Inventory were collected in 52 plots from logged and unlogged low altitude forest on plains and fans (P) and forest on uplands (H) in Madang, West New Britain and Central Provinces. The abundance of 10,609 ground herbaceous plants classified in 174 species from 103 genera and 35 families. Based on importance values, Arecaceae was the dominating family in both logged and unlogged P forest type, while Urticaceae and Arecaceae were dominating respectively in logged and unlogged H forest type. At species level, Donax canniformis and Elatostema beccarii are dominating the P type, and Elatostema novoguineensis and Selaginella durvillei the H type. Analysis of species richness, diversity, and composition showed significant differences between the two types with the H type being richer and more diverse than P type. No differences emerged between logged and unlogged of both types, indicating that the current intensity of disturbance does not seem to have a significant impact on the ground herbaceous layer. Since herbaceous species are an important component of the tropical forest diversity, further inventories must be conducted along a wider elevation gradient to make these results more robust and better observe species turn over patterns and beta diversity.

scholarly journals Maximizing genetic representation in seed collections from populations of self and cross-pollinated banana wild relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kallow ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Dang Toan Vu ◽  
Tuong Dang Vu ◽  
Janet Paofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
Seed Collections

Abstract Background Conservation of plant genetic resources, including the wild relatives of crops, plays an important and well recognised role in addressing some of the key challenges faced by humanity and the planet including ending hunger and biodiversity loss. However, the genetic diversity and representativeness of ex situ collections, especially that contained in seed collections, is often unknown. This limits meaningful assessments against conservation targets, impairs targeting of future collecting and limits their use. We assessed genetic representation of seed collections compared to source populations for three wild relatives of bananas and plantains. Focal species and sampling regions were M. acuminata subsp. banksii (Papua New Guinea), M. balbisiana (Viet Nam) and M. maclayi s.l. (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). We sequenced 445 samples using suites of 16–20 existing and newly developed taxon-specific polymorphic microsatellite markers. Samples of each species were from five populations in a region; 15 leaf samples from different individuals and 16 seed samples from one infructescence (‘bunch’) were analysed for each population. Results Allelic richness of seeds compared to populations was 51, 81 and 93% (M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. maclayi respectively). Seed samples represented all common alleles in populations but omitted some rarer alleles. The number of collections required to achieve the 70% target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation was species dependent, relating to mating systems. Musa acuminata populations had low heterozygosity and diversity, indicating self-fertilization; many bunches were needed (> 15) to represent regional alleles to 70%; over 90% of the alleles from a bunch are included in only two seeds. Musa maclayi was characteristically cross-fertilizing; only three bunches were needed to represent regional alleles; within a bunch, 16 seeds represent alleles. Musa balbisiana, considered cross-fertilized, had low genetic diversity; seeds of four bunches are needed to represent regional alleles; only two seeds represent alleles in a bunch. Conclusions We demonstrate empirical measurement of representation of genetic material in seeds collections in ex situ conservation towards conservation targets. Species mating systems profoundly affected genetic representation in seed collections and therefore should be a primary consideration to maximize genetic representation. Results are applicable to sampling strategies for other wild species.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Papua New Guinea Sweetpotato Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 551C-551b ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fajardo ◽  
Don R. La Bonte ◽  
Robert L. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Secondary Center ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

The USDA gene bank currently maintains 668 accessions of cultivated sweetpotato and 219 accessions of related Ipomoea species. Information on the genetic diversity of the collection does not exist due to funding constraints. The development of a core collection would provide a subset of accessions that represent the genetic diversity of the main collection with a minimum of repetitiveness. The small size of the core collection would facilitate the evaluation of the accessions for economically important traits. The objective of this research is to develop a core collection of Papua New Guinea sweetpotato germplasm using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) marker system. This approach to quantifying genetic diversity would later serve as a model for the development of a USDA sweetpotato germplasm core collection. The germplasm choosen for this study was collected from this crop's secondary center of genetic diversity based on its potential as a source of new traits. All genotypes were fingerprinted using four primer combinations that generated 224 markers. The molecular data was then analyzed using NTSYSpc 2.0 program to determine the relatedness of the genotypes. The molecular analysis showed a homogeneous genetic constitution. The extent of diversity among accessions was correlated with the geographic origin of the plant material.

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