Helminth assemblages of Uromys spp. (Muridae : Hydromyinae) from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia and comparison with assemblages in Melomys spp.

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Smales ◽  
D. M. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Small Pool ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Species Being

This study documents the helminth assemblages of Uromys caudimaculatus (Krefft, 1867) from Papua New Guinea and Australia as well as listing helminths found in U. anak Thomas, 1907 from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, and U. hadrourus (Winter, 1984) from Queensland Australia. In total, 36 species of helminth, comprising one acanthocephalan, three cestodes (excluding unidentifiable fragments) and 32 nematodes (including two not identified to genus) from 65 hosts were found. The Trichostrongylina nematodes were the dominant group of helminths, the most prevalent species being Odilia uromyos (Mawson, 1961), found in each of the species of Uromys across all regions, and O. melomyos (Mawson, 1961), occurring in U. caudimaculatus from Papua New Guinea and Australia. The helminth species assemblage from U. caudimaculatus, 14 species of helminth from 11 hosts from Papua New Guinea and 23 species of helminth from 51 hosts from Australia, had high species richness but was relatively equitable overall (1/SI = 0.92). The differences found between the helminth assemblages of U. caudimaculatus from Papua New Guinea and Australia suggest that U. caudimaculatus may have travelled to Australia from New Guinea with a small pool of helminth species that was subsequently added to by host switching from sympatric rodent hosts. Alternatively, U. caudimaculatus may have lost many of the helminths that travelled with it following arrival in Australia.

Helminths of the Hydromyini (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the description of a new species of Labiobulura (Nematoda: Ascaridida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1332 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLEY R. SMALES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
New Host ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Host Taxon ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Host Records

From a survey of helminths of the alimentary tracts of 26 hydromyins; 11 Leptomys, 1 Mayermys, 3 Neohydromys, 9 Paraleptomys, and 2 Parahydromys from Papua New Guinea an acanthocephalan, Porrorchis hydromuris; a cestode, Mathevotaenia sp.; the trematodes, Brachylaima sp., and a psilostome; and the nematodes, Heterakis fieldingi, Odilia mackerrasae, O, emanuelae, Protospirura kaindiensis, Rictularia mackerrasae, and Capillaria sp. s.l., as well as encapsulated larval ascaridids were found. All represent new host records. Labiobulura leptomyidis n. sp. (Subuluridae), differs from its congener in having longer spicules, no spines on the chordal lobes of the buccal cavity and it is described from Leptomys spp. Spirurida or Ascaridida were the dominant taxa in each helminth assemblage, with dietary preferences being a determinant. Either coevolution and or host switching, sometimes associated with migration between Australia and Papua New Guinea, also appear to have influenced the development of the helminth assemblage in each host taxon.

Shark longline fishery of Papua New Guinea: size and species composition and spatial variation of the catches

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
William T. White ◽  
Leontine Baje ◽  
Sharon A. Appleyard ◽  
Andrew Chin ◽  
Jonathan J. Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Longline Fishery ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Species Being

This study provides the first detailed investigation of the catches of the shark longline fishery in Papua New Guinea. Fisheries observers collected data on shark catches from a total of 318 longline sets between May and June 2014, before its closure in July 2014. In all, 14694 sharks were recorded with a total estimated biomass of 439 tonnes (Mg). Eighteen species of sharks were recorded in the observer data, with the most dominant species being Carcharhinus falciformis, which constituted more than 90% of the total catches by both weight and number of individuals. The level of observer misidentification was low (<10%), which reflected the use of region-specific identification guides by well-trained fisheries observers. The most diverse catches were in the Solomon Sea area, whereas catches in most other areas, particularly the Bismarck Sea areas, were less diverse and more strongly dominated by C. falciformis. Size and sex ratios varied by species, highlighting the importance of obtaining species-level information from the fishery being investigated. Any consideration by fisheries managers to reopen this fishery needs to consider the effect this will have on the species targeted and the livelihoods of coastal fishers who also rely on the same resources.

Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys platyops (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) and a key to the species of Hughjonestrongylus

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4679 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
LESLEY SMALES
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Genital Cone ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Species Being

Nematodes from six families, comprising 20 species identified to genus level and three to subfamily level as well as juveniles and a heligmonellid that could not be identified further, were recovered from 34 individuals of Paramelomys platyops, one P. cf playops and one Melomys sp. (Muridae: Murinae: Uromys Division) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Ascaridid larvae, a capillariid, Capillaria s. l., two putative species of the Nippostrongylinae and a small number of heligmonellid males and females, could not be identified further. The rictulariid Pterygodermatites sp. (females only) had not been reported previously from Sahulan Old Endemic fauna while three species, the oxyurid Syphacia longecauda , the molineid Hepatojarakus pyknofasciatus, and the spirurid Protospirura kaindiensis, had. The remaining species, all heligmonellids, included the brevistriatine Macrostrongylus ingens and 14 nippostrongyline species. Of these, Hughjonestrongylus amplicauda, H. singauwaensis, Melomystrongylus sepikensis, Mawsonema mokwanense, Odilia mackerrasae and Parasabanema szalayi had been reported previously. Species of Hasanuddina, Montistrongylus and Sanduanensis possibly as yet undescribed, could not be identified further. Flannerystrongylus abulus n. gen., n. sp. differed from all 41 genera described to date in having a synlophe of 14–16 evenly sized ridges with a sub frontal orientation. Hasegawanema yuroense n. sp. with 21–23 synlophe ridges was distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters including length of spicule, cuticularisation of the genital cone, the proportions of the ovejector and the size of the eggs. Hughjonestrongylus pervulgatus n. sp., H. vanimoensis n. sp. and H. wanumaensis n. sp. were distinguished from all other species of Hughjonestrongylus and each other by a combination of characters including the number of synlophe ridges 25–30, 18, 22–23 in the mid body respectively, and spicule length, proportions of the ovejector and shape of the female tail. A key to the species of Hughjonestrongylus is provided. Species richness was greater than that recorded for P. lorentzii and P. rubex with about 86% of possible species found, as indicated by bootstrap analysis. The helminth assemblage was dominated by heligmonellids with eight species being unique to P. platyops. Paramelomys lorentzii is found at altitudes up to 1500 m and may provide a link between the lowland P. platyops and the highland P. rubex, thus facilitating the distribution of helminth species held in common.  

Helminth parasites of the grassland melomys (Muridae : Hydromyinae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Smales
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Host Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
South Wales

This study documents the helminth assemblages of grassland melomys: Melomys burtoni (Ramsay, 1887), Melomys sp. cf. burtoni and Melomys lutillus (Thomas, 1913). In total, 22 helminth species comprising one cestode and 21 nematodes from 112 hosts were found. All the specimens of Physaloptera spp. examined proved to be Physaloptera banfieldi Johnston & Mawson, 1941 with P. troughtoni Johnston & Mawson, 1941 the junior synonym. The dominant helminth group was the trichostrongyloid nematodes including Odilia melomyos (Mawson, 1961) and O. mackerrasae (Mawson, 1961). The most prevalent, O. melomyos, occurred in each of the host species across all areas sampled (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Papua New Guinea, Queensland and Western Australia). The helminth assemblage of M. burtoni from hosts from New South Wales and Queensland was the most diverse. The helminths of M. burtoni from the Northern Territory and of M. lutillus from Papua New Guinea were subsets of that assemblage. That of M. cf. burtoni from Western Australia, with only six helminth species, was not dominated by trichostrongyloids, three of the six species were not found in other localities, and, with Sorensen’s Indices of 18.2% when compared with the helminths from Papua New Guinea and the Northern Territory and 24% when compared with Queensland, was the least similar. No substantial differences were found between the helminth assemblages of the grassland melomys group, excluding M. cf. burtoni, and Melomys cervinipes (Gould, 1852), the fawn footed melomys. This was reflected in a Sorensen’s Index of 67.9%. The time between the arrival of Melomys into Australia during the Pleistocene and the present day suggests that the trichostrongyloids O. melomyos, O. mackerrasae and O. mawsonae (Durette-Desset, 1969) may have travelled with their rodent hosts from New Guinea to Australia and other helminths in the assemblage may have been acquired in Australia.

Helminth community structure in Rattus leucopus (Gray) (Muridae) from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Papua

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Smales ◽  
D. M. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Nematode Larvae

This study describes the helminth community in 28 Rattus leucopus, from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), and compares the community in Australian R. leucopus with those known from two other Australian endemics, R. sordidus and R. fuscipes. In total, 28 parasite species were found: one acanthocephalan, five cestodes, one trematode and 21 nematodes as well as two lots of unidentified spirurid nematode larvae. The diversity of helminths in R. leucopus was high but equitable; the reciprocal of Simpson's Index was 1.75. The distribution of prevalence of helminth species was not indicative of a core-satellite structure. No species occurred at a prevalence >30% and more than half the species occurred at prevalences of <10%. Only 10% of the helminth species identified were unique to R. leucopus. Helminth community structure in R. leucopus differed from that observed in R. sordidus and the community in R. fuscipes was markedly different from those in R. leucopus and R. sordidus. Determinants of the diversity of the helminth community in R. leucopus include the time intervals between the three waves of migration of Rattus spp. to Australia, biogeographic factors related to immigration and adaptive radiation of the host genus, and associated with coevolution, speciation and host switching of the helminths.

scholarly journals Altitudinal zonation of Bryophytes on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. A floristic approach, with phytogeographic considerations

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Enroth
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Major Part ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Altitudinal Zonation ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
Cosmopolitan Species

The study is based on the major part of the bryophyte material collected during the Koponen-Norris expedition on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, in 1981. Only taxa which were collected at least twice are included. Five altitudinal zones, the boundaries of which are indicated by discontinuities in the bryophyte flora, are distinguished: 0 - 300 m, 300 - 1200 m, 1200 - 2200(-2300) m, 2200(-2300) - 2800(- 2900) m, and 2800(-2900) -3400 m. These zones, each characterized by a typical species assemblage, are well in accordance with some earlier New Guinean zonation schemes based on the phanerogamic flora and vegetation. The most obvious correlations between bryophytes’ altitudinal ranges on the Huon Peninsula and their general phytogeography are: New Guinean or Western Melanesian endemics, as well as Malesian endemics, are concentrated at relatively high altitudes (zones III-V); Asian - Oceanian and Asian - Oceanian - Australian taxa, notably mosses, are relatively strongly represented at low to moderate altitudes (zones I-III); species which have their main distribution in the northern hemisphere occur at high altitudes; ‘cosmopolitan’ species either have wide vertical ranges or are restricted to high altitudes.

Nematodes from the caecum and colon of Pogonomys (Muridae: Anisomyini) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus of Oxyuridae (Nematoda: Oxyurida) and a new species of Trichuridae (Nematoda: Enoplida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3599 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. SMALES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lower Digestive Tract

Nematodes, comprising 2 species, a new genus from the family Syphaciidae and a new species from the family Trichuridae were collected from the lower digestive tracts of 4 species of Pogonomys; P. championi, Flannery (12 individuals), P. loriae, Thomas (14 individuals), P. macrourus, (Milne Edwards) (19 individuals) and P. sylvestris, Thomas (27 individuals) from Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Pogonomicola rugala n. gen., n. sp. differs from all other genera in the Sypaciidae in having cervical alae with numerous folds and a single weakly defined mamelon. Trichuris germani n. sp. differs from all congeners, including the cosmopolitan T. muris, the only other trichurid reported from the region, by the lengths of the spicules and vagina, the ratio of anterior to posterior body length and the number of convolutions of the testis. The genus Pogonomys, with four species from four nematode families had a relatively rich helminth fauna in the lower digestive tract compared to other ansomyins studied. The Oxyuridae, with three genera comprising 5 species was the dominant group found in the lower digestive tract of the Anisomyini, indicating the possibility that the isolation of the old endemic rodents in New Guinea has been associated with a period of coevolution between anisomyin hosts and their syphaciine parasites.

Public Health in Papua New Guinea

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Denoon ◽  
Kathleen Dugan ◽  
Leslie Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea
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