scholarly journals Picolinic acid spray stimulates the antioxidative metabolism and minimizes impairments on photosynthesis on wheat leaves infected by Pyricularia oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Aucique‐Pérez ◽  
Renata Sousa Resende ◽  
Lara Beatriz Cruz Neto ◽  
Fernanda Dornelas ◽  
Fábio Murilo DaMatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Antioxidative Metabolism ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat-co-planting regions in China: MoO strains of Pyricularia oryzae cause typical symptom and host reaction on both wheat leaves and spikes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Jiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhongna Hao ◽  
Xueming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Typical Symptom ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Cultivar Specificity ◽  
Heading Stage

Triticum pathotype (MoT) of Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) causes wheat blast, which has recently spread to Asia. To assess the potential risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat growing regions, we investigated the pathogenicity of 14 isolates of P. oryzae on 32 wheat cultivars, among which MoO isolates were completely avirulent on the wheat cultivars at 22℃, but caused various infection degrees at 25℃. These reactions at 25℃ were isolate- and cultivar- dependent like race-cultivar specificity which was also recognized at the heading stage and caused typical blast symptoms on spikes. Microscopic analyses indicated that a compatible MoO isolates produced appressoria and infection hyphae on wheat as on rice. By comparing transcriptomes in wheat-MoO interactions, a bulk of pathogen-related genes was up-/down- regulated in compatible and incompatible patterns, but that changes of gene transcription were more significant in compatible pattern. These results indicate that the temperature could influence the infection ratio of wheat with MoO, and some MoO strains could be potential pathogens that increase the risk for the outbreak of wheat blast in wheat-rice growing regions with global warming. In addition, certain wheat cultivars exhibited resistance and are assumed to carry promoting resistant genes to the MoO strains.

scholarly journals Limitations to Photosynthesis in Leaves of Wheat Plants Infected by Pyricularia oryzae

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Debona ◽  
Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues ◽  
Jonas Alberto Rios ◽  
Samuel Cordeiro Vitor Martins ◽  
Lucas Felisberto Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Additional Support

Blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, has become an economically important disease in wheat in Brazil, but little effort has been devoted to understanding the wheat–P. oryzae interaction. This study was intended to determine the effects of P. oryzae infection on the photosynthetic process in wheat plants using a susceptible (BR 18) and a partially resistant cultivar (BRS 229). It was found that the net carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate were dramatically reduced in both cultivars due to P. oryzae infection but to a lesser degree in BRS 229. Photosynthesis was impaired in asymptomatic leaf tissues, indicating that blast severity is not an acceptable indicator for predicting P. oryzae-induced reductions in A. The proportionally larger decreases in A than in gs, in parallel with increases in internal CO2 concentration (Ci), suggest that the lower influx of CO2 into the diseased leaves caused by stomatal closure was not a prominent factor associated with the reduction in A. Additional support for this conclusion comes from the nonsignificant correlation between A and gs, the negative correlation between A and Ci and the positive correlation between blast severity and Ci. Both the maximum rate of carboxylation and the maximum rate of electron transport were dramatically depressed at advanced stages of P. oryzae infection, mainly in BR 18, although the reduction in A was not closely related to the decrease in the electron transport rate. In conclusion, biochemical limitations likely related to the reduced activity of Rubisco, rather than diffusive limitations, were the main factor associated with decreases in A during the infection process of P. oryzae on wheat leaves.

Impact of Sodium Selenite on Antioxidative Metabolism in Kidney Tissue of Albino Rat Under Ammonia Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
M. SIVA SANKAR M. SIVA SANKAR ◽  
◽  
K. SUJATHA K. SUJATHA ◽  
P. NEERAJA P. NEERAJA
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Antioxidative Metabolism ◽  
Ammonia Stress

Rate of Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Winter Wheat Leaves and Ears Under Water Deficit Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335
Author(s):  
Jacek Olszewski ◽  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Tomasz Kulik ◽  
Gabriel Fordoński ◽  
Krystyna Płodzień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Молекулярное маркирование генов устойчивости к пирикуляриозу в сортах риса дальневосточной селекции

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Марина Владиславовна Илюшко ◽  
Марина Викторовна Ромашова ◽  
Светлана Сергеевна Гученко
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae

С помощью молекулярно-генетических маркеров изучены 13 сортов риса (Oryza sativa L.), зарегистрированных в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений по дальневосточной зоне, и 1 перспективный сорт на наличие 6 генов устойчивости к пирикуляриозу риса — Pi-2, Pi-9, Pi-b, Pi-z(t), Pi-1 и Pi-ta2, наиболее актуальных для региона. В 4 сортах не обнаружено генов резистентности к пирикуляриозу. В 8 сортах идентифицировано по 1 гену устойчивости — Pi-2 и Pi-ta2. В 1 сорте (Садко) выявлено 2 изученных гена — Pi-z(t) и Pi-ta2. Изученные 8 сортов риса используют для технологии пирамидирования генов в селекции на устойчивость риса к пирикуляриозу для дальневосточной зоны рисосеяния. Выявленные гены резистентности риса к Pyricularia oryzae Cav. могут служить объективным идентификатором при паспортизации изученных сортов. Обсуждаются причины потери иммунности сортов и необходимости молекулярно-генетического сопровождения процесса семеноводства риса.

ASPECTOS BIOMÉTRICOS, GRAU DE UMIDADE EM SEMENTES DE SUCUPIRA E DETERMINAÇÃO DO EFEITO FUNGITÓXICO DO SEU ÓLEO ESSENCIAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Warlyton Silva Martins ◽  
Cid Tacaoca Muraishi
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans

A busca por métodos naturais que viabilizam a eficiência da atividade biológica sobre vários microrganismos vem sendo destaque no cenário atual. A exploração da atividade biológica de compostos secundários presentes no extrato bruto ou óleos essenciais de plantas pode constituir, ao lado da indução da resistência, em uma forma efetiva de controle de doenças em plantas cultivadas. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência do óleo essencial de sucupira em suas propriedades de rendimento, bem como sua atividade biológica antifúngica sobre determinados patógenos que afetam culturas promissoras no Estado do Tocantins. Instalou-se o experimento no Campus de Ciências Agrárias da Faculdade Católica do Tocantins no laboratório de Bromatologia e Fitopatologia, para extração do óleo essência, avaliação do grau de umidade e biometria de sementes, obtenção dos fitopatógenos e avaliação dos efeitos fungitóxicos do óleo essencial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos, adicionados ao meio de cultura, após a autoclavagem e o resfriamento, foram as seguintes: sucupira (BDA + 25% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato), sucupira (BDA + 50% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato), sucupira (BDA + 75% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato), sucupira (BDA + 100% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato) e testemunha (BDA). Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste Tukey (5%) de probabilidade. O óleo essencial de sucupira inibiu o desenvolvimento micelial de Fusarium subglutinans, Sclerotinia sclerotiurum, Didymella bryoniae, Pyricularia oryzae.

Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Photosynthetic Functions of Wheat Leaves under Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Cheng ZHANG ◽  
Fu-Suo ZHANG ◽  
Xian-Feng YU ◽  
Xin-Ping CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Wheat Leaves
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