Heterodera schachtii infection affects nitrogen metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska ◽  
Ewa Muszyńska ◽  
Dorota Marecka ◽  
Maria Głowienka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii

scholarly journals Induction of Phloem Unloading in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots by the Parasitic Nematode Heterodera schachtii

1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bockenhoff ◽  
DAM. Prior ◽  
FMW. Grundler ◽  
K. J. Oparka
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Phloem Unloading

Protease activity and phytocystatin expression in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Heterodera schachtii infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 416-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska ◽  
Joanna Szewińska ◽  
Mirosław Sobczak ◽  
Jolanta Maria Dzik
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii

Arginine metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana is modulated by Heterodera schachtii infection

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Anwar ◽  
Erich Inselsbacher ◽  
Florian M.W. Grundler ◽  
Julia Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Arginine Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Nematode Development

The plant-parasitic cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii induces syncytial feeding structures in the roots of host plants. These syncytia provide all required nutrients, water and solutes to the parasites. Previous studies on the composition of primary metabolites in syncytia revealed significantly increased amino acid levels. However, mainly due to technical limitations, little is known about the role of arginine in plant-nematode interactions. This free amino acid plays a central role in the plant primary metabolism and serves as substrate for metabolites involved in plant stress responses. Thus, in the present work, expression of genes coding for the enzymes of arginine metabolism were studied in nematode-induced syncytia compared to non-infected control roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, amiRNA lines were constructed and T-DNA lines were isolated to test their effects on nematode development. While the silencing of genes involved in arginine synthesis increased nematode development, most T-DNA lines did not show any significant difference from the wild type. Amino acid analyses of syncytia showed that they accumulate high arginine levels. In addition, manipulating arginine cycling had a global effect on the local amino acid composition in syncytia as well as on the systemic amino acid levels in roots and shoots.

The role of subunit B’ of protein phosphatase 2A in pathogenesis of Heterodera schachtii on Arabidopsis thaliana roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S157
Author(s):  
Dominik Kanigowski ◽  
Mateusz Matuszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Dąbrowska ◽  
Anna Barczak ◽  
Marcin Filipecki
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Subunit B

scholarly journals Changes in mRNA Abundance within Heterodera schachtii-Infected Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Hermsmeier ◽  
Jennifer K. Hart ◽  
Marina Byzova ◽  
Steven R. Rodermel ◽  
Thomas J. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Differential Display ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Feeding Site

Gene expression changes in plant roots infected by plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are involved in the formation of nematode feeding sites. We analyzed mRNA abundance changes within roots of Arabidopsis thaliana during the early compatible interaction with Heterodera schachtii, the sugarbeet cyst nematode. Approximately 1,600 root sections, each containing a single parasitic nematode and its feeding site, and 1,600 adjacent, nematode-free root sections were excised from aseptic A. thaliana cultures 3 to 4 days after inoculation with H. schachtii. These tissue samples were termed infected and uninfected, respectively. Preparasitic nematodes were added to the uninfected tissue sample to maintain the nematode to plant tissue proportion. mRNA extracted from these two tissue samples was subjected to differential display analysis. Thirty-six cDNA clones corresponding to mRNA species with different abundance between both tissue samples were isolated. Of these clones, 24 were of A. thaliana origin and 12 were from H. schachtii. Differential display data predicted that the A. thaliana cDNA clones corresponded to 13 transcripts that were more abundant in the infected root sections and 11 transcripts that were more abundant in the uninfected root sections. H. schachtii cDNA clones were predicted to correspond to four transcripts that were more abundant in parasitic nematodes and to eight transcripts that were more abundant in preparasitic nematodes. In situ hybridization experiments confirmed the mRNA abundance changes in A. thaliana roots predicted by the differential display analyses for two A. thaliana clones.

Studies on the nutrient uptake by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii by in situ microinjection of fluorescent probes into the feeding structures in Arabidopsis thaliana

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Böckenhoff ◽  
F. M. W. Grundler
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Feeding Structure ◽  
Size Exclusion Effect

SUMMARYA method was developed, which enables substances to be injected into the feeding structure (syncytium) established by Heterodera schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. The technique was used to study the uptake of nutrients by the feeding nematode. The fluorescent dye lucifer yellow CH (LYCH) and fluorescence-labelled dextrans of different molecular weights were injected into the thin and translucent roots of A. thaliana. Such roots are a feature of this plant and they provide optimal conditions for microinjection. Injected LYCH was taken up by feeding juveniles and adults, indicated by the staining of the alimentary duct and the digestive system. Fluorescent dextrans of 3, 10 and 20 kDa but not of 40 and 70 kDa were ingested, suggesting that molecules of a maximum Stokes radius of 3·2 to 4·4 nm are taken up. It is likely that the feeding tube, forming the interface between the plant cytosol and the nematode's digestive system, is responsible for this size exclusion effect. The injected fluorescent substances were not detected in plant cells adjacent to the syncytium or in the root vascular elements. Injections into parts of roots which were infested by several nematodes revealed that feeding H. schachtii individuals may share one syncytium.

Reduction of phytate by down-regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana MIPS and IPK1 genes alters susceptibility to beet cyst nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritushree Jain ◽  
Catherine J. Lilley ◽  
Peter E. Urwin
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Altered Expression

Phytates are mixed cationic salts of phytic acid formed by sequential phosphorylation of myo-inositol. Phytate is a phosphorus storage molecule essential for cellular and hormonal signalling in plants but exhibits anti-nutrient properties in animals. Low phytate plants have reduced basal resistance towards microbial pathogens and reduced tolerance to environmental stresses resulting in compromised yields. We report that three mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, each with altered expression of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) isoforms, show altered susceptibility towards infection by the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii. Disruption of MIPS2 accompanied by increased MIPS1 expression results in reduced cyst nematode infection. Lack of MIPS3 resulted in a higher proportion of second-stage juveniles in the early phase of infection, suggesting delayed nematode development on mips3 mutants. Reduction in total phytate by down-regulation of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene (IPK1) resulted in higher susceptibility to cyst nematode infection but a reduced average size of adult females. However, specific down-regulation of MIPS gene expression reduces susceptibility as myo-inositol is required to feed into the myo-inositol oxygenase pathway, which has an important role in development of the cyst nematode feeding site.

Identification of reference genes for qRT-PCR studies of gene expression in giant cells and syncytia induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera schachtii

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Grundler ◽  
Julia Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Qrt Pcr

AbstractSedentary plant-parasitic nematodes, such as cyst and root-knot nematodes, induce feeding structures in the host root that undergo extensive changes in the gene expression. This phenomenon has previously been studied by gene chip analysis and qRT-PCR. Housekeeping genes are often used routinely as internal references for relative qRT-PCR analyses. However, due to the strong influence of nematode infection on host cell metabolism and physiology, expression of housekeeping genes may be altered considerably, thus limiting reliability of qRT-PCR analyses. Therefore, in the present work we tested UBQ10, ACT2, EF1a, UBP22 and 18S rRNA as potential candidates for relative qRT-PCR studies of gene expression in nematode infection sites in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Among the tested candidates only UBP22 and 18S rRNA were stably expressed and, therefore, are reliable reference genes for studying cyst and root-knot nematode infections.

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