Infection cycle of Alternaria brassicicola on Brassica oleracea leaves under growth room conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Macioszek ◽  
C. B. Lawrence ◽  
A. K. Kononowicz
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Growth Room

scholarly journals Differential Cultivars and Criteria for Evaluating Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Seedling Brassica oleracea

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Sand Cultures

Growth-room and field experiments were conducted to develop methods of studying resistance in Brassica oleracea crops to Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG) 2-1 and 4, causal agents of wirestem. Seedlings of 12 cultivars (3 each of broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and collard) at the four- to five-leaf stage were transplanted to trays in a growth room and covered with steamed soil infested with cornmeal-sand cultures or sclerotia of R. solani or to fumigated field plots infested with sclerotia. The percent healthy, diseased, and dead plants was assessed every 3 to 5 days for 2 weeks in the growth room and for 3 weeks in field trials. At harvest, plants were dug out with roots intact and rated for wirestem severity. In most experiments, wirestem incidence (percent diseased and dead plants) stabilized within 10 to 14 days after inoculation. Inoculation with cornmeal-sand cultures of both AGs and sclerotia of AG-4 resulted in severe wirestem in all experiments, whereas sclerotia of AG-2-1 were less effective in the growth room and not effective in the field. Percent healthy and surviving (healthy plus diseased) plants, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and wirestem severity all separated the most susceptible from the partially resistant cultivars more consistently than fresh weight of inoculated plants expressed as a percentage of noninoculated plant weight. Wirestem severity and AUDPC were always negatively and significantly (P ≤ 0.01) correlated with percent healthy plants. Although genotype by environment interactions were observed, the cauliflower cvs. Snowcone and Snow Crown were severely diseased in all experiments, whereas collard cv. Blue Max was consistently and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less diseased.

On the promotion of senescence in Brassica oleracea var. capitata by Alternaria brassicicola and by Botrytis cinerea

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (21) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Poapst ◽  
B. Anne Ramsoomair ◽  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Floating Leaf

Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea stimulated ethylene production in closed culture with floating leaf discs from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Production with A. brassicicola had an observed maximum at 18 °C and was speeded by preculturing the fungus on media containing cabbage components, but which contained little or no methionine.In the absence of cabbage tissue, both organisms demonstrated a latent capacity to generate ethylene from closed shake cultures of Czapek's medium containing L-methionine. With A. brassicicola in a modified Czapek's medium (minus ferrous sulfate) containing 10−3 ML-methionine, there was a stimulation of ethylene production at 18 °C by the addition of Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, ca. 8% carbon dioxide, or the potassium salt of gibberellic acid (GA3). With B. cinerea, 4% carbon dioxide was stimulatory, 29% carbon dioxide was inhibitory, whereas less than 4% oxygen arrested the production of ethylene completely for 48 h.Results suggest that the nature of parasitism of A. brassicicola and B. cinerea on cabbage is characterized by a latent capability to cause the production of, and to produce, the plant-senescing hormone ethylene.

Incidence of Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltsh. on Brassica oleracea seeds

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sivapalan ◽  
JW Browning
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Brassica Crops

Samples of Brassica oleracea seed from Victoria, were tested for the presence of seed-borne Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria brassicae. A. brassicicola was detected in 26 of 44 samples tested but A. brassicae was not detected in any. Between 24 and 37% of seed was infected, with 4-8% of infection found in the embryo tissues. Inoculation of seed with A. brassicicola resulted in loss of vigour in germinated seedlings, followed by death. The fungus retained its viability and pathogenicity on seed stored for up to 12 months. This investigation indicates that a high proportion of commercially available brassica seed are contaminated with A. brassicicola and may therefore be a primary source of disease for brassica crops in Australia.

scholarly journals Variabilidade de isolados de Alternaria brassicicola no Estado de Pernambuco

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami J. Michereff ◽  
Marissônia A. Noronha ◽  
Otacílio M. Rocha Jr ◽  
Jearbes A. Silva ◽  
Eduardo S.G. MizubutiI
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola

A variabilidade de 38 isolados de Alternaria brassicicola foi estimada com base em variáveis relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da alternariose e à fisiologia do patógeno. Os isolados foram coletados de cultivos comerciais de crucíferas do Estado de Pernambuco. Cada isolado foi inoculado em plantas de repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), cv. Midori, com 40 dias, em casa de vegetação e os seguintes componentes epidemiológicos foram medidos: período de incubação (PI), severidade da doença (SEV) aos dez dias após a inoculação, taxa de progresso da doença (TPD) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Cada isolado foi também avaliado quanto à taxa de crescimento micelial (TCM), esporulação (ESP), germinação de conídios (GER) e sensibilidade ao fungicida iprodione (ICM). Constatou-se grande variabilidade quanto às variáveis medidas. Não houve efeito significativo de hospedeiro do qual os isolados foram obtidos e a variabilidade entre isolados de uma hospedeira foi, em geral, maior que a variância residual; à exceção para as variáveis PI e GER. Não foram verificadas correlações significativas (P=0,05) das variáveis associadas à doença (PI, SEV, TPD e AACPD) com as demais variáveis. A análise da distancia Euclidiana por UPGMA não permitiu a separação dos 38 isolados do patógeno em grupos de similaridade, o que sugere variabilidade nas populações de A. brassicicola.

Erratum: On the promotion of senescence in Brassica oleracea var. capitata by Alternaria brassicicola and by Botrytis cinerea

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120-1120
Author(s):  
P. A. Poapst ◽  
B. Anne Ramsoomair ◽  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

The caption to Table 5 should read "Carbon dioxide concentrations above cabbage leaf discs floated on distilled water, inoculated with Alternaria brassicicola, and retained in darkness at six temperatures."

Bioinformatic analysis of expressed sequence tags derived from a compatible Alternaria brassicicola-Brassica oleracea interaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. CRAMER ◽  
C. MAURICIO LA ROTA ◽  
YANGRAE CHO ◽  
MICHAEL THON ◽  
KELLY D. CRAVEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Expressed Sequence

scholarly journals Complexity of Brassica oleracea–Alternaria brassicicola Susceptible Interaction Reveals Downregulation of Photosynthesis at Ultrastructural, Transcriptional, and Physiological Levels

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Violetta Katarzyna Macioszek ◽  
Magdalena Gapińska ◽  
Agnieszka Zmienko ◽  
Mirosław Sobczak ◽  
Andrzej Skoczowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Black Spot Disease

Black spot disease, caused by Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica species, is one of the most devastating diseases all over the world, especially since there is no known fully resistant Brassica cultivar. In this study, the visualization of black spot disease development on Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba (white cabbage) leaves and subsequent ultrastructural, molecular and physiological investigations were conducted. Inter- and intracellular hyphae growth within leaf tissues led to the loss of host cell integrity and various levels of organelle disintegration. Severe symptoms of chloroplast damage included the degeneration of chloroplast envelope and grana, and the loss of electron denseness by stroma at the advanced stage of infection. Transcriptional profiling of infected leaves revealed that photosynthesis was the most negatively regulated biological process. However, in infected leaves, chlorophyll and carotenoid content did not decrease until 48 hpi, and several chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, such as photosystem II quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), or plant vitality parameter (Rdf) decreased significantly at 24 and 48 hpi compared to control leaves. Our results indicate that the initial stages of interaction between B. oleracea and A. brassicicola are not uniform within an inoculation site and show a complexity of host responses and fungal attempts to overcome host cell defense mechanisms. The downregulation of photosynthesis at the early stage of this susceptible interaction suggests that it may be a part of a host defense strategy, or, alternatively, that chloroplasts are targets for the unknown virulence factor(s) of A. brassicicola. However, the observed decrease of photosynthetic efficiency at the later stages of infection is a result of the fungus-induced necrotic lesion expansion.

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